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Infrared neural stimulation and inhibition using an implantable silicon photonic microdevice

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 939-950页

作者： Agoston Csaba Horvath sandor borbely Ors Csanad Boros Lili Komaromi Pal Koppa Peter Bartho Zoltan Fekete Research Group for Implantable Microsystems Faculty of Information Technology&BionicsPazmany Peter Catholic UniversityBudapestHungary Microsystems Laboratory Institute for Technical Physics&Material ScienceCentre for Energy ResearchBudapestHungary Obuda University Doctoral School on Materials Sciences and Technologies BudapestHungary MTA TTK NAP Sleep Oscillations Research Group BudapestHungary Department of Physiology and Neurobiology Eotvos Lorand UniversityBudapestHungary Department of Atomic Physics Budapest University of Technology&EconomicsBudapestHungary

Brain is one of the most temperature sensitive *** the fundamental role of temperature in cellular metabolism,thermal response of neuronal populations is also significant during the evolution of various neurodegenerative *** such critical environmental factor,thorough mapping of cellular response to variations in temperature is desired in the living *** far,limited efforts have been made to create complex devices that are able to modulate temperature,and concurrently record multiple features of the stimulated *** our work,the in vivo application of a multimodal photonic neural probe is ***,thermal,and electrophysiological functions are monolithically integrated in a single *** system facilitates spatial and temporal control of temperature distribution at high precision in the deep brain tissue through an embedded infrared waveguide,while it provides recording of the artefact-free electrical response of individual cells at multiple locations along the probe *** distribution of the optically induced temperature changes is evaluated through in vitro measurements and a validated multi-physical *** operation of the multimodal microdevice is demonstrated in the rat neocortex and in the hippocampus to increase or suppress firing rate of stimulated neurons in a reversible manner using continuous wave infrared light(λ=1550 nm).Our approach is envisioned to be a promising candidate as an advanced experimental toolset to reveal thermally evoked responses in the deep neural tissue.

关键词： stimulation metabolism organs

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SnapshotPrune: A Novel Bitcoin-Based Protocol Toward Efficient Pruning and Fast Node Bootstrapping

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第4期29卷 1037-1052页

作者： Pengfei Huang Xiaojun Ren Teng Huang Arthur sandor Voundi Koe Duncan S Wong Hai Jiang Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006Chinaand also with Pazhou LabGuangzhou 510330China

Node synchronization is essential for the stability of the Bitcoin network. Critics have raised doubts about the ability of a new node to quickly and efficiently synchronize with the Bitcoin network and alleviate the storage pressure from existing full nodes to stockpile new data. Basic pruning and other techniques have been explored to address these concerns but have been insufficient to reduce node synchronization delay and effectively suppress the growth of synchronized data. In this study, we propose SnapshotPrune, a novel pruning and synchronization protocol that achieves fast node bootstrapping in the Bitcoin blockchain. Real Bitcoin historical data are leveraged to measure the synchronization time and monitor the network traffic during node bootstrapping. The protocol requires data downloads that are 99.70% less than Bitcoin Core, 81% less than CoinPrune, and 60% less than SnapshotSave, thereby saving 97.23% of download time. Findings show that the proposed design enhances the storage efficiency and reduces the node synchronization delay compared with existing techniques. We hypothesize that the efficiency of this protocol increases with the block height.

关键词： synchronization blockchain Unspent Transaction Output(UTXO)pruning snapshot fast bootstrapping

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Mechanism of Methylene Blue adsorption on hybrid laponite-multi-walled carbon nanotube particles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第4期28卷 134-141页

作者： Maryna Manilo Nikolai Lebovka sandor Barany Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry named after F.D. Ovcharenko National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 42 Vernadsky blvd. 030142 Kyiv Ukraine University of Miskolc MTA-ME Materials Science Research Group and Institute of Chemistry Hungary The Transcarpathian II. Ferenc Rakoczi Hungarian Institute Beregovo Ukraine

The kinetics of adsorption and parameters of equilibrium adsorption of Methylene Blue（MB）on hybrid laponite-multi-walled carbon nanotube（NT）particles in aqueous suspensions were *** laponite platelets were used in order to facilitate disaggregation of NTs in aqueous suspensions and enhance the adsorption capacity of hybrid particles for *** were performed at room temperature（298 K）,and the laponite/NT ratio（Xl）was varied in the range of 0–*** elucidation of the mechanism of MB adsorption on hybrid particles,the electrical conductivity of the system as well as the electrokinetic potential of laponite-NT hybrid particles were *** different stages in the kinetics of adsorption of MB on the surface of NTs or hybrid laponite-NT particles were discovered to be a fast initial stage Ⅰ（adsorption time t=0–10 min）,a slower intermediate stage Ⅱ（up to t=120 min）and a long-lasting final stage Ⅲ（up to t=24 hr）.The presence of these stages was explained accounting for different types of interactions between MB and adsorbent particles,as well as for the changes in the structure of aggregates of NT particles and the long-range processes of restructuring of laponite platelets on the surface of *** analysis of experimental data on specific surface area versus the value of Xl evidenced in favor of the model with linear contacts between rigid laponite platelets and *** was also concluded that electrostatic interactions control the first stage of adsorption at low MB concentrations.

关键词： Multi-walled carbon nanotubes Laponite platelets Methylene Blue Adsorption Kinetics Zeta potential

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Protein and non-protein sulfhydryls and disulfides in gastric mucosa and liver after gastrotoxic chemicals and sucralfate: Possible new targets of pharmacologic agents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第14期13卷 2053-2060页

作者： Lajos Nagy Miki Nagata sandor Szabo Departments of Pathology Brigham & Women's Hospital Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts 02115and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ServiceDiagnostic & Molecular Medicine HCGVA Medical Center9901 East 7th St. Long BeachCA 90822United States Depts. of 3rd Internal Medicine and Family MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PecsH-7632 PecsHungary Departments of Pathology Brigham & Women's Hospital Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts 02115and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ServiceDiagnostic & Molecular Medicine HCGVA Medical Center9901 East 7th St. Long BeachCA 90822United States

AIM： To investigate the role of major non-protein and protein sulfhydryls and disulfides in chemically induced gastric hemorrhagic mucosal lesions （HML） and the mechanism of gastroprotective effect of sucralfate.METHODS： Rats were given 1 mL of 75% ethanol, 25%NaCl, 0.6 mol/L HCI, 0.2 mol/L NaOH or 1% ammonia solutions intragastrically （i.g.） and sacrificed 1, 3, 6 or 12 min later. Total （reduced and oxidized） glutathione （GSH ＋ GSSG）, glutathione disulfide （GSSG）, protein free sulfhydryls （PSH）, protein-glutathione mixed disulfides （PSSG） and protein cystine disulfides （PSSP） were measured in gastric mucosa and liver.RESULTS： Reduced glutathione （GSH） was depleted in the gastric mucosa after ethanol, HCI or NaCl exposure,while oxidized glutathione （GSSG） concentrations increased, except by HCI and NaOH exposure. Decreased levels of PSH after exposure to ethanol were observed,NaCl or NaOH while the total protein disulfides were increased. Ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione or sulfhydrils to disulfides were decreased by all *** changes in thiol homeostasis were detected in the liver after i.g. abbreviation should be spelled out the first time here administration of ethanol. Sucralfate increased the concentrations of GSH and PSH and prevented the ethanol-induced changes in gastric mucosal thiol concentrations.CONCLUSION： Our modified methods are now suitable for direct measurements of major protein and nonprotein thiols/disulfides in the gastric mucosa or liver.A common element in the pathogenesis of chemically induced HML and in the mechanism of gastroprotective drugs seems to be the decreased ratios of reduced and oxidized glutathione as well as protein sulfhydryls and disulfides.

关键词： Non-protein and protein thiol Gastricmucosal injury Gastroprotection Sucralfate

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mRNA expression, functional profiling and multivariate classification of colon biopsy specimen by cDNA overall glass microarray

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第43期12卷 6998-7006页

作者： Orsolya Galamb Ferenc Sipos Elek Dinya sandor Spisak Zsolt Tulassay Bela Molnar 2nd Department of Internal Medicine University Semmelweis Faculty of Medicine Budapest Hungary Hungarian Academy of Science Clinical Gastroenterology Research Unit Budapest Hungary Elek Dinya EGIS Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Medical Department Budapest Hungary 2nd Department of Internal Medicine University Semmelweis Faculty of Medicine Budapest Hungary EGIS Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Medical Department Budapest Hungary Hungarian Academy of Science Clinical Gastroenterology Research Unit Budapest Hungary

AIM： To understand the local pathophysiological alterations and gene ontology-based functional classification of colonic biopsies into inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. METHODS： Total RNA was extracted from frozen biopsies and amplified by T7-method. Expression profile was evaluated by Atlas Glass 1K microarrays. After microarray quality control, applicable data were available from 10 adenomas, 6 colorectal adenocarcinomas （CRCs）, and 6 inflammatory bowel diseases （IBDs）. Multivariate statistical and cell functional analyses were performed. Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used for validation. RESULTS： Discriminant analysis of selected genes, could correctly reclassify all 22 samples using 4 parameters （heat shock transcription factor-l, bystin-like, calgranulin-A, TRAIL receptor 3）. IBD samples were characterized by overregulated chemokine （C-X-C motif） ligand 13, replication protein A1, E74-1ike factor 2 and downregu- fated TNF receptor-associated factor 6, BCL2-interacting killer genes. In adenomas upregulation of TNF receptorassociated factor 6, replication protein A1, E74-1ike factor 2 and underexpression of BCL2-associated X protein, calgranulin-A genes were found. CRC cases had significantly increased epidermal growth factor receptor, topoisomerase-1, v-jun, TNF receptor-associated factor 6 and TRAIL receptor 3, and decreased RAD51 and RAD52 DNA repair gene, protein phosphatase-2A and BCL2-interacting killer mRNA levels. Epidermal growth factor receptor RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, topoisomerase-1 RT-PCR confirmed the chip results .CONCLUSION： Different histological alterations can be reclassified by functional, multivariate analysis using cDNA microarrays. Further studies with expanded sample number are needed for subclassification of pathological alterations.

关键词： Adenoma Biopsy samples Colorectal cancer Gene expression Inflammatory bowel diseases Microarray technology

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β-TURN NEW CLASSIFICATION AND ITS SOME FEATURES IN PROTEINS

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 1997年第2期12卷 84-91页

作者：祝庆麟 sandor Vajda Temple F.Smith Department of Computer Science Institute of Basic Medical Science CAMS & PUMC Beijing 100005 BMERC Bioengineering College Boston University MA 02215

An inspection of the φ-ψ angle distribution strongly suggests that protein folding is highly constrained. A number of researchers have even suggested that a relatively small set of discrete φ-ψ regions might be sufficient to describe most protein conformation. The total of 541 tight turns from 101 non-identical proteins were extracted form Brookhaven DataBank. The dihedral values of tight turns were scattered into the seven regions on the Ramachandran plot. These seven regions were called A1, A2, B1, B2, B22, T1 and T2. A1 and A2 are the traditional a-helix regions, B1, B2 and B22 the β-strand regions, Tl and T2 the β-turn regions. The A2 and T2 regions were not defined as 'discrete' or single points but rather as one dimensional extended states. Based on the geometry of the two central residues of the tight turns, the new classification of β-turn was defined. This classification of the majority of β-turns fell into only six of the possible forty nine region combinations and were identifiable with the traditional nomenclature of Venkat-achalam(1), but much *** function of β-turn in the conformation of proteins was studied. The hydrophobicity for different type turns was discussed. It shows that β-turns have very strong hydrophilic property, so they are usually situated at the folding protein surface. The features of β-turn and its amino acid distribution in this 541 β-turn group and different type β-turn were given.

关键词： β-turn conformation classification

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Development of multiple myeloma in a patient with chronic hepatitis C: A case report and review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第14期12卷 2297-2300页

作者： Peter Laszlo Lakatos sandor Fekete Margit Horanyi Simon Fischer Margit E Abonyi 1st Department of Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary Department of Hematology Szent Laszlo Hospital BudapestHungary Virus Laboratory OGYK BudapestHungary

An association between chronic hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection and essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma （NHL） has been suggested. However, a causative role of HCV in these conditions has not been established. The authors report a case of a 50 year-old woman with chronic hepatitis C （CHC） who has been fol- lowed up since 1998 due to a high viral load, genotype lb and moderately elevated liver function tests （LFTs）. Laboratory data and liver biopsy revealed moderate activity （grade： 5/18, stage： 1/6）. In April 1999, one-year interferon therapy was started. HCV-RNA became negative with normalization of LFTs. However, the patient relapsed during treatment. In September 2002, the patient was admitted for chronic back pain. ACT examination demonstrated degenerative changes. In March 2003, multiple myeloma was diagnosed （IgG-kappa, bone marrow biopsy： 50% plasma cell infiltration）. MRI revealed a compression fracture of the 5^th lumbar vertebral body and an abdominal mass in the right lower quadrant, infiltrating the canalis spinalis. Treatment with vincristine, adriamycin and dexamethasone （VAD） was started and bisphosphonate was administered regularly. In January 2004, after six cycles of VAD therapy, the multiple myeloma regressed. Thalidomide, as a second line treatment of refractory multiple myeloma （MM） was initiated, and followed by peginterferon-α2b and ribavirin against the HCV infection in June. In June 2005, LFTs returned to normal, while HCV-RNA was negative, demonstrating an end of treatment response. Although a pathogenic role of HCV infection in malignant lymphoproliferative disorders has not been established, NHL and possibly MM may develop in CHC patients, supporting a role of a complex follow-up in these patients.

关键词： HCV Multiple myeloma Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Extrahepatic manifestation

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Protective effects of amphetamine on gastric ulcerations induced by indomethacin in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第44期12卷 7168-7171页

作者： Vlaicu sandor Barbu Cuparencu Dan L Dumitrascu Mircea A Birt Tibor L Krausz Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu Cluj-Napoca Romania Department of Pharmacology University of Oradea Romania 3rd Medical Clinic University of Medicineand Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu Cluj-Napoca Romania Department of Psychiatry Psychology and Educa-tional Sciences Faculty Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Clinical Hospital Psychiatry-Ergotherapy Section Cluj-Napoca Romania

AIM: To study the effects of amphetamine, an indirect- acting adrenomimetic compound on the indomethacin- induced gastric ulcerations in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar-Bratislava rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 (control), received an ulcerogenic dose of indomethacin (50 μmol/kg) and Groups 2, 3 and 4, treated with amphetamine (10, 25 and 50 μmol/kg). The drug was administered simulta- neously with indomethacin and once again 4 h later. The animals were sacrificed 8 h after indomethacin treatment. The stomachs were opened and the inci- dence, the number of lesions and their severity were evaluated. The results were expressed as percentage and as mean ± standard error (mean ± SE). RESULTS: The incidence of ulceration in the control group was 100%. Amphetamine, at doses of 10, 25 and 50 μmol/kg, lowered the incidence to 88.89%, 77.78% and 37.5% respectively. The protection ratio was posi- tive: 24.14%, 55.17% and 80.6% respectively. The total number of ulcerations/rat was 12.44 ± 3.69 in the con- trol group. It decreased to 7.33 ± 1.89, 5.33 ± 2.38 and 2.25 ± 1.97 under the effects of the above-mentioned doses of amphetamine. CONCLUSION: Amphetamine affords a significant dose-dependent protection against the indomethacin- induced gastric ulcerations in rats. It is suggested that the adrenergic system is involved in the gastric mucosa protection.

关键词： Amphetamine Gastric ulceration Indomethacin Rats

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Correlation of mechanical properties in bulk metallic glasses with ^(27)Al NMR characteristics

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第36期56卷 3937-3941页

作者： sandor Magdalena T KECSKES Laszlo J HE Qiang XU Jian WU Yue Department of Physics and Astronomy University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599-3255 USA US Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21005 USA Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

We report 27Al NMR and magnetic susceptibility measurements of Zr and ZrHf-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). 27Al NMR Knight shift shows that there exists a clear correlation between the local electronic properties at Al sites and mechanical properties. In addition,magnetic susceptibility measurements also provide clues on the influence of the electronic states,especially the strong influence of d-orbital characteristics on the mechanical properties of toughness and hardness.

关键词：机械性能核磁共振大块非晶合金铝磁化率测量大块金属玻璃非晶合金电子性质

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THERMALKARST SYSTEMS AND CAVES OF HUNGARY

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中国岩溶 1992年第S1期11卷 40-44页

作者： sandor KRAUS Annamaria NADOR Katalin TAKACS-BOLNER

INTRODUCTION The number of caves of thermal water origin is significant even by global standards in Hungary. The rich forms and mineral precipitations of these caves can’t be attributed to the impact of descending co... 详细信息

关键词： descending streaming karst attributed waters passages carbonate dissolved settled inactive

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