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Secondary Cell Wall Deposition in Developing Secondary Xylem of Poplar

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Journal of integrative Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 234-243页

作者： Minako Kaneda Kim rensing Lacey samuels Department of Botany University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish Columbia V6T 1Z4Canada Leica Microsystems BannockburnIllinoisUSA

Although poplar is widely used for genomic and biotechnological manipulations of wood, the cellular basis of wood development in poplar has not been accurately documented at an ultrastructural level. Developing secondary xylem cells from hybrid poplar （Populus deltoides x P. trichocarpa）, which were actively making secondary cell walls, were preserved with high pressure freezing/freeze substitution for light and electron microscopy. The distribution of xylans and mannans in the different cell types of developing secondary xylem were detected with immunofluorescence and immuno-gold labeling. While xylans, detected with the monoclonal antibody LM10, had a general distribution across the secondary xylem, mannans were enriched in the S2 secondary cell wall layer of fibers. To observe the cellular structures associated with secondary wall production, cryofixed fibers were examined with transmission electron microscopy during differentiation. There were abundant cortical microtubules and endomembrane activity in cells during the intense phase of secondary cell wall synthesis. Microtubuleassociated small membrane compartments were commonly observed, as well as Golgi and secretory vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane.

关键词： cell Secondary Cell Wall Deposition in Developing Secondary Xylem of Poplar

黄粉虫替代蛋白质饲料对太平洋白虾(凡纳滨对虾)消化性能的影响

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饲料博览 2017年第7期27卷 47-47页

作者： Panini r L Freitas L E L Guimarǎes A M rios C da Silva M F O Vieira F N Fracalossi D M samuels r i

试验旨在评估黄粉虫粉(MM)作为凡纳滨对虾养殖中蛋白质来源的可行性。饲料分为正常饲料和试验饲粮,试验饲料中包含正常饲料85%和MM 15%,两种饲料中均含有氧化铬0.5%作为惰性标记,试验采用表观消化率系数(ADC)对两种饲料进行检测。为评... 详细信息

试验旨在评估黄粉虫粉(MM)作为凡纳滨对虾养殖中蛋白质来源的可行性。饲料分为正常饲料和试验饲粮,试验饲料中包含正常饲料85%和MM 15%,两种饲料中均含有氧化铬0.5%作为惰性标记,试验采用表观消化率系数(ADC)对两种饲料进行检测。为评估MM消化价值,对虾饲料中采用鱼粉替代MM,替代比例分别为0%、25%、50%、75%和100%,在清水中饲养6周后,对生长参数和整个虾体成分进行评估。干物质ADC为45.9%,能量ADC为66.5%,粗蛋白质ADC为76.1%,必须氨基酸ADC为72%~86%。MM中蛋氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸。饲料中添加MM后,各组间对虾的体增重、特定生长率、采食量、饲料转化率、存活率和蛋白质合成率均无显著变化(P>0.05),虾体蛋白质含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。而随着鱼粉替代比例上升,虾体脂含量从1.13%升至1.88%。结果表明,黄粉虫粉可作为凡纳滨对虾饲料中的替代蛋白质饲料,但添加时应注意补充蛋氨酸。

关键词：凡纳滨对虾黄粉虫蛋白质替代昆虫生长营养

A UNiVErSAL iN TAiLiNG WAVETrAiN GENErATiON

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2004年第5期16卷 603-607页

作者： XUZhao-ting samuels.P.Shen QiAOFang-li instituteofPhysicalOceanographyandPhysicalOceanographyLaboratory OceanUniversityofChinaQingdao266003China DepartmentofMathematicsScience UniversityofAlbertaEdmontonT6G2G1Canada KeyLaboratoryofMarineScienceandNumericalModeling TheFirstInstituteofOceanographyStateOceanicAdministrationQingdao266061China

A universal in tailing wave-train generation of forced soliton generationover topography is found theoretically as the flows are at the resonant points and it is examinedwith the numerical calculation of the corresponding fKdV e-quatioa From the comparisons, it is shownthat theoretical and numerical results on the invariance is in good agreement and the theory givenin this paper does not include the modulus truncation, any free constant and unknown function.

关键词： universal soliton tailing wave-train fKdV equation KdV equations

race,Gender,and Genre in American Civil War Literature: An interview with Shirley samuels

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外国文学研究 2021年第2期43卷 1-14页

作者：郝运慧雪莉·塞缪尔斯北京交通大学语言与传播学院美国康奈尔大学

雪莉·塞缪尔斯是康奈尔大学英文与美国研究教授,其主要研究领域为19世纪美国文学与文化,重点关注种族与性别。她是美国内战文学领域的知名学者之一,著述广泛,颇具影响力。其中重点和具有代表性的著述包括《文化证词与内战》(2020)、《... 详细信息

雪莉·塞缪尔斯是康奈尔大学英文与美国研究教授,其主要研究领域为19世纪美国文学与文化,重点关注种族与性别。她是美国内战文学领域的知名学者之一,著述广泛,颇具影响力。其中重点和具有代表性的著述包括《文化证词与内战》(2020)、《解读1780—1865年间的美国小说》(2012)、《亚伯拉罕·林肯剑桥指南》(2012)、《直面美国:图像学与美国内战》(2004),"文学与内战"(收录于《美国文学指南》,2020)、"审视林肯"(收录于《美国内战文学史》,2016)等。在本次访谈中,塞缪尔斯教授介绍了一个半世纪以来美国内战文学书写的流变,聚焦于该文学谱系中的种族、性别和文类三个重要议题。她指出了近几十年间内战文学在种族和奴隶制问题上的深化与新颖研究。同时,她格外关注了女性作家(包括非裔女性作家)对内战的记录与书写,以及日记和奴隶叙事等时常被人忽视的文类。她还建议内战文学学者们将视野置于更为广阔的19世纪美国历史及文化语境,拓展理解内战文学的疆界。

关键词：美国内战文学种族性别文类

randomness in the Hybrid Modeling and Simulation of insulin Secretion Pathways in Pancreatic islets

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015年第5期20卷 441-452页

作者： Yang Pu David C.samuels Layne T.Watson Yang Cao the Department of Computer Science Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt University

insulin secreted by pancreatic islet ˇ-cells is the principal regulating hormone of glucose *** of insulin secretion may cause glucose to accumulate in the blood, and result in diabetes *** deterministic models of the insulin secretion pathway have been developed, the stochastic aspect of this biological pathway has not been explored. The first step in this direction presented here is a hybrid model of the insulin secretion pathway, in which the delayed rectifying KCchannels are treated as stochastic events. This hybrid model can not only reproduce the oscillation dynamics as the deterministic model does, but can also capture stochastic dynamics that the deterministic model does not. To measure the insulin oscillation system behavior, a probability-based measure is proposed and applied to test the effectiveness of a new remedy.

关键词： insulin secretion mathematical modeling hybrid model and simulation stochastic dynamics

A right, Not a Privilege： Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak＇s An Aesthetic Education in the Era of Globalization

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2016年第10期6卷 1155-1158页

作者： Joylette Williams samuels Nassau Community College State University of New York United States

Gayatri Spivak proposes that providing all citizens throughout the Middle East and North Africa with an aesthetic education will enhance the quality of life for all people of the region, especially women. She argues that an education in the humanities is vital for improving the environment, the political climate, the economy, and for increasing global justice.

关键词： postcolonialism feminism higher education humanities human rights

植物激素和抗生素调节的转基因火炬松愈伤组织的生长和分化(英文)

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Acta Genetica Sinica 2002年第2期29卷 166-174页

作者：唐巍罗晓艳 Vanessa samuels 北卡罗来纳州立大学生物技术组北卡罗来纳大学细胞和发育生物学系

包含质粒载体pBi12 1的农杆菌菌株LBA4 4 0 4被用于转化火炬松的成熟合子胚。质粒载体pBi12 1含有胭脂碱合成酶基因的启动子驱动的新霉素磷酸转移酶基因 (nptⅡ )和花椰菜花叶病毒的 35S启动子驱动的GUS基因。器官发生的转基因愈伤组织... 详细信息

包含质粒载体pBi12 1的农杆菌菌株LBA4 4 0 4被用于转化火炬松的成熟合子胚。质粒载体pBi12 1含有胭脂碱合成酶基因的启动子驱动的新霉素磷酸转移酶基因 (nptⅡ )和花椰菜花叶病毒的 35S启动子驱动的GUS基因。器官发生的转基因愈伤组织和转基因的再生植株已经获得 ,并经GUS组织化学染色、聚合酶链式反应和Southern杂交分析证实。植物激素 (BA iBA)和抗生素对转基因愈伤组织的生长和分化的影响被研究。 5 0 0mg L羧苄青霉素和2mg LBA、0 .5mg LiBA的组合导致转基因愈伤组织的生长增加 5 4 .2 % ,分化增加 4 5 .7%。 5 0 0mg LClaforan和 2mg LBA、0 .5mg LiBA的组合导致转基因愈伤组织的生长增加 4 0 .8% ,分化增加 38.7%。高浓度的植物激素和抗生素降低了转基因愈伤组织的生长和分化。实验结果有助于建立一个高效的农杆菌介导的火炬松遗传转化系统 ,也有助于未来针叶树的遗传转化研究。

关键词：火炬松农杆菌遗传转化植物激素抗生素 GUS基因 Southern杂交愈伤组织生长分化

A global meta-analysis of woody plant responses to elevated CO_(2):implications on biomass,growth,leaf N content,photosynthesis and water relations

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 723-743页

作者： Mthunzi Mndela Julius T.Tjelele ignacio C.Madakadze Mziwanda Mangwane igshaan M.samuels Francuois Muller Hosia T.Pule Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem research Unit(ABEErU) Department of Environmental SciencesUNISAPrivate Bag X6Florida 1710South Africa Agricultural research Council APIP/Bag X02IrenePretoria 0062South Africa University of Pretoria P/Bag X20HatfieldPretoria 0028South Africa

Background:Atmospheric CO_(2)may double by the year 2100,thereby altering plant growth,photosynthesis,leaf nutrient contents and water ***,atmospheric CO_(2)is currently 50%higher than pre-industrial levels and is projected to rise as high as 936μmol mol^(−1)under worst-case scenario in *** objective of the study was to investigate the effects of elevated CO_(2)on woody plant growth,production,photosynthetic characteristics,leaf N and water ***:A meta-analysis of 611 observations from 100 peer-reviewed articles published from 1985 to 2021 was *** selected articles in which elevated CO_(2)and ambient CO_(2)range from 600–1000 and 300–400μmol mol^(−1),*** CO_(2)was categorized into700μmol mol^(−1)***:Total biomass increased similarly across the three elevated CO_(2)concentrations,with leguminous trees(LTs)investing more biomass to shoot,whereas non-leguminous trees(NLTs)invested to root *** area index,shoot height,and light-saturated photosynthesis(A_(max))were unresponsive atincreased significantly at 700 and>700μmol mol^(−1).However,shoot biomass and A_(max)acclimatized as the duration of woody plants exposure to elevated CO_(2)*** rate of photosynthetic rubisco carboxylation(V_(cmax))and apparent maximum rate of photosynthetic electron transport(J_(max))were *** CO_(2)reduced stomatal conductance(g_(s))by 32%on average and increased water use efficiency by 34,43 and 63%for700μmol mol^(−1),*** N content decreased two times more in NLTs than LTs growing at elevated CO_(2)than ambient CO_(2).Conclusions:Our results suggest that woody plants will benefit from elevated CO_(2)through increased photosyn-thetic rate,productivity and improved water status,but the responses will vary by woody plant traits and length of exposure to elevated CO_(2).

关键词： Atmospheric CO_(2) Biomass production Leaf nitrogen content Meta-analysis Photosynthetic rate Stomatal conductance Water use efficiency Woody plants

Preparation on the basis of Trichoderma asperellum in the system of biological protection of wheat from Fusarium ear scab

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浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版) 2004年第4期 44-45页

作者： Kolombet L V,Sokolov M S,Chuprina V P,Schisler D A,samuels G J State research Center for Applied Microbiology Obolensk Moscow region russia research Center of Toxicology and Hygienic regulation of Biological Products Serpukhov russia All-russia research institute of Biological Plant Disease Control Krasnodar russia USDA-ArS NCAUr Peoria illinois USA USDA-ArS Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab. Beltsville USA

During the last century, as the area of wheat grown under advanced grain husbandry has increased worldwide, so too has the importance of Fusarium ear scab (FES) (synonym, Fusarium head blight) caused by several species of the fungus Fusarium. Yield losses due to FES can total 20%-40% and more depending on climatic conditions. During the last twenty years epidemics of FES in cereals have become chronic all over the world, including the United States and russia. The most destructive of these were observed in 1982, 1986, 1990-1996 in USA and in the south of russia in 1982, 1984, 1988, 1992. The harmful effect of FES is manifested not only in reduced grain yields, but also in the contamination of grains and grain products with mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives (3-alfa acetyl-DON, 15-alfa acetyl-DON), T-2 toxin and zearalenone. Standard means to control FES (cultural control methodologies, chemical pesticides, and FES resistant varieties) have little effect or are not practical and rarely reduce the accumulation of mycotoxins in grain. We have developed a new technique to reduce FES using biological preparations. The technique utilizes wheat seed pretreatment with a biofungicide “Mycol” in combination with spraying wheat plants during flowering with a yeast preparation. Technology for production of Mycol on the basis of Trichoderma asperellum strain GJS 03-35 (systematics by samuels) has been developed. This strain shows hyperparasitic activity against a wide spectrum of plant pathogens, including Fusarium graminearum, a causative agent of FES in wheat. Experiments conducted in the United States demonstrated that spraying wheat plants during flowering with the patented yeast Cryptococcus nodaensis OH 182.9 (NrrL Y-30216) reliably reduces FES development. Tests of the Mycol preparation and the yeast OH 182.9 (EOD) have been performed on the spring wheat “ivolga” in greenhouse conditions (the Moscow region) and on the winter wheat “K

关键词： Fusarium ear scab (FES) Fusarium head blight mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) biofungicide “Mycol” Trichoderma asperellum strain GJS 03-35 yeast Cryptococcus nodaensis OH 182.9 (NrrL. Y-30216) biocontrol