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Antibiotic-resistant bugs in the 21st century:A public health challenge

World Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases 2011年第1期1卷 11-16页

作者： samuel s taiwo Department of Medical Microbiology College of Health SciencesLadoke Akintola University of Technology and Teaching HospitalOgbomoso23400001Nigeria

Antimicrobial resistance,which has been reported against almost every antibiotic discovered,is one of the most urgent public health problems,threatening to undermine the effectiveness of infectious disease treatment *** penicillin ushered in the antibiotic era in the mid 20th century,the scientific world had engaged in a war between the development of antibacterial agents and bacterial *** the first decade of the 21st century,grave concern has been expressed over the evolution of multi-drug resistant staphylococci,enterococci,and mycobacteria,which pose serious clinical and public health challenge to *** present picture is frighteningly similar to the pre-antibiotic era,with reports of nosocomial spread and intercontinental dissemination of multi-drug resistant *** infected patients,there is no magic *** microbial pathogens appear to be gaining the upper hand,coupled with a recent dramatic reduction in antibiotic research by pharmaceutical companies because of the high cost of drug *** compounds that have recently been developed or resurrected to treat gram-positive infections are still unable to meet the armamentarium of resistance mechanisms of these *** situation is worse for gramnegative organisms,where no new drug is currently being developed against them.A multi-disciplinary approach to combat resistance is required,which must be applied,sustained,and continuously *** key components for maintaining effective antimicrobial chemotherapy will include better use of existing agents,coupled with continuous investment in new and innovative technologies,which must include diagnostics and vaccines in addition to new antimicrobial agents.

关键词： Antimicrobial Resistance Bugs Public health

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Antipredatory call behavior of lapwing species in an Afrotropical environment

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 630-639页

作者： Fatima R.James Chioma I.Okafor samuel T.Osinubi shiiwua A.Manu samuel Ivande taiwo C.Omotoriogun A.p.leventis ornithological research institute university of josp.o.box 13404josplateau statenigeria eden creation care initiative rennajj fish farm p.o.box 7173josplateau statenigeria fitzpatrick institute of african ornithology university of cape towncape townsouth africa department of zoology university of josjosplateau statenigeria biotechnology unit department of biological scienceselizade universityp.m.2.002ilara-mokinondo statenigeria natural history museum university of oslop.o.box 1172 blindern0318 oslonorway

Predation is an important source of natural selection on prey species and has resulted in adaptations such as antipredator vocal signals,which can alert others to the presence of predators and solicit cooperative *** vocal alarm signals of birds have been well studied,they are poorly known in tropical African *** address this lack of information,the antipredatory signals and responses of two lapwings(Wattled Lapwing Vanellus senegallus and spur-winged Lapwing Vanellus spinosus)to potential predators were investigated using data collected from focal observation,distance measurements,focal recordings,and playback *** lapwing calls elicited to predators were classified as alarm or mobbing calls based on whether the calls elicited alert behavior or attack from other *** linear analysis(DLA)was used to compare the time and frequency parameters of the call types measured in Raven ***,lapwings’responses to intruders,alert and start distance,time of day,and latency,as well as the effects of flock size and distance to cover were *** 48%of all calls was correctly classified by *** best predictors of call type for the lapwings were maximum frequency and high *** alarm and mobbing calls were elicited by African Wattled Lapwings to dogs and *** calls were elicited to intruders by the spur-winged *** distance was positively associated with start distance,and differed between morning and evening in both *** scarce information from tropical Africa,this study put in perspective vocal and antipredator behavior of lapwing species in Africa.

关键词： Acoustic Alarm calls Lapwings Mobbing calls Vocal signals

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Transient Dean flow in a composite annular duct with porous walls partially filled with porous material

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Propulsion and Power Research 2022年第1期11卷 118-128页

作者： Basant K.Jha taiwo s.Yusuf Department of Mathematics Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria

This work presents a semi-analytical solution of transient Dean flow in a composite annular duct with porous walls partially filled with porous *** flow is set up as a result of the imposed pressure gradient in the azimuthal eqT direction while both the outer and the inner cylinders are *** appropriate governing equations for the flow are rendered dimensionless and transformed using suitable techniques,the Laplace transform technique is further used to transform the partial differential equations into the total differential *** solution of the ODE is later transformed to the time domain using the well-known Riemann-sum approximation *** validate the accuracy of the numerical scheme deployed in this research,numerical comparison of the steady-state solution,and the values generated using the implicit finite difference on the transient state model is ***,higher dominance of clear fluid and fluid injection at the inner cylinder is found to enhance the fluid velocity at the fluid *** is also good to note that injection of fluid at the inner cylinder pose a decreasing influence on the flow with minimum or no effect near the point R=1.7.

关键词： Circumferential flow Darcy number Composite annulus Taylor Porous walls Azumuthal

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Entropy generation under the influence of radial magnetic field and viscous dissipation of generalized Couette flow in an annulus

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Propulsion and Power Research 2018年第4期7卷 342-352页

作者： taiwo s.Yusuf Michael O.Oni Department of Mathematics Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria

This paper investigates the combined effect of radial magnetic field and viscous dissipation on entropy generation in horizontal co-axial cylinders of generalized Couette *** analytical solutions for velocity and temperature profiles are obtained and utilized to compute the entropy generation,Bejan number as well as the average entropy generation *** effect of relevant parameters on temperature field,velocity field,entropy generation,average entropy and Bejan number are portrayed graphically and *** isoflux heating near the inner surface of the fixed outer cylinder with higher dominance in the case of isoflux *** reverse is seen on the moving inner cylinder.

关键词： Radial magnetic field Viscous dissipation Generalized Couette flow Isothermal Isoflux Entropy generation

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Flow, thermal criticality and transition of a reactive third-grade fluid in a pipe with Reynolds' model viscosity

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2016年第1期28卷 84-94页

作者： samuel s.OKOYA Department of Mathematics Obafemi Awolowo University

Neglecting the consumption of the material, a steady incompressible flow of an exothermic reacting third-grade fluid with viscous heating in a circular cylindrical pipe is numerically studied for both cases of constant viscosity and Reynolds＇ viscosity model. The coupled ordinary differential equations governing the flow in cylindrical coordinates, are transformed into dimensionless forms using appropriate transformations, and then solved numerically. solutions using Maple are presented in tabular form and given in terms of dimensionless central fluid velocity and temperature, skin friction and heat transfer rate for three parametric values in the Reynolds＇ case. The numerical results for the velocity and temperature fields are also presented through graphs. Bifurcations are discussed using shooting method. Comparisons are also made between the present results and those of previous work, and thus verify the validity of the provided numerical solutions. Important properties of thermal criticality are provided for variable viscosity parameter and reaction order. Further numerical results are presented in the form of tables and graphs for transition of physical parameters, while varying certain flow and fluid material parameters. Also, the flow behaviour of the reactive fluid of third-grade is compared with those of the Newtonian reactive fluid.

关键词： non-Newtonian fluids third-grade fluid thermal transition heat generation temperature dependent viscosity numerical solutions

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Hydraulic jump and choking of flow in pipe with a change of slope

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2022年第6期34卷 1044-1066页

作者： Rui Zeng s.samuel Li Department of Building Civil and Environmental EngineeringConcordia UniversityMontrealCanada

This paper investigates hydraulic jumps in sloping pipes by means of wall-resolved large eddy simulation(LEs).The purpose is to achieve an improved understanding of jump behaviours driven by pipe discharge and *** LEs model predicts the hydraulic jump as a 3-D two-phase flow,with air as the gas phase and water as the liquid *** predictions yield instantaneous velocity and pressure fields as well as fluid volume *** instantaneous flow variables allow ensemble averages,which quantify the internal structures and integral properties of the hydraulic *** predicted instantaneous velocity shows spectra in consistency with the well-known Kolmogorov−5/3 *** ensemble averages of air and water velocities,free-surface profile,roller length and aeration length,compare well with available experimental *** jump behaviours are *** aspects such as free-surface fluctuation and jump-toe oscillation resemble the classical hydraulic jump on horizontal *** like the 3-D distributions of core jet,vorticity and aeration are much more *** on the pipe discharge and slope,the resulting jump can be a complete or an incomplete *** incomplete hydraulic jump causes choked flow *** has severe consequences on drainage conditions in sewer pipes laid on sloping *** paper proposes using the Okubo-Weiss parameter as a new way to subtly delineate the region of hydraulic *** is much more efficient and less ambiguous,compared with traditional visual inspections.

关键词： Hydraulic jump sloping pipe two-phase bubbly flow large eddy simulation(LEs) choking of flow Okubo-Weiss parameter

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The blood-brain barrier models to study apolipoprotein E genotypes in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1973-1974页

作者： Irundika HK Dias Rachelle taiwo Dan Ma Aston Medical school College of Health and Life SciencesAston UniversityBirminghamUK

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by an age-dependent progressive decline of memory,impairment of cognitive functions and changes in personality and *** the improvement in understanding of the mechanisms underlying the disease,AD remains an incurable complex disorder with multifaceted pathophysiology to *** E(ApoE)is the main cholesterol carrier in the brain that supports lipid transport between brain *** individuals carrying the APOE4 allele are known to be at increased risk of developing AD compared with those carrying the more common APOE3 allele.

关键词： Alzheimer cholesterol impairment

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Asymmetric Effect of Remittances on Environmental Degradation in Nigeria

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental studies 2022年第3期10卷 92-111页

作者： taiwo AKINLO Department of Economics Adeyemi Federal University of Education

Nigeria has become one of the sub-saharan Africa’s largest remittance recipients. Despite the economic benefits of remittances, there is rising concern about their impact on environmental degradation. The NARDL approach was used to analyze time-series data from 1980 to 2018, to determine the impact of remittances increases and decreases on environmental degradation in Nigeria. The cointegration results show that remittances and environmental degradation have a long-run relationship. The study found that remittances is asymmetrically connected to ecological footprint(EFP) as a measure of environmental degradation both in the long run and short run whereas it is asymmetrically connected with CO2as a measure of environmental degradation in the long run only. The study also found that remittances increase contributes to environmental degradation in Nigeria in the long run.

关键词： Remittances environmental degradation NARDL CO2

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Modeling, steady-state Analysis of a sEPIC dc-dc Converter Based on switching Function and Harmonic Balance Technique

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2014年第4期2卷 704-711页

作者： Ajayi samuel taiwo Joseph Yakubu Oricha Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

The paper presents modeling approach of a single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (sEPIC) system. The complete model derivation of the sEPIC converter system has been presented in different modes of operation. steady state and small signal analysis was carried out on the converter dynamic equations using the method of Harmonic balance Technique. The steady state variables and their respective ripple quantities obtained were plotted against duty ratio D. The results obtained for a supply input voltage of 60 volts to the converter at a duty ratio of D = 0.8 , compares well with simulation results.

关键词： sEPIC Converter switching Function Harmonic Balance Technique

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Comparative assessment of intestinal helminths prevalence in Water,sanitation and Hygiene(WAsH) intervention and non-intervention communities in Abeokuta,Nigeria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第6期7卷 524-532页

作者： Oluwaseyi Tunrayo taiwo sammy Olufemi sam-Wobo Olufunmilayo Ajoke Idowu Adewale Oladele Talabi Adewale Matthew taiwo Department of Pure & Applied Zoology Federal University of AgricultureAbeokutaNigeria Department of Veterinary Medicine & surgery Federal University of AgricultureAbeokutaNigeria Department of Environmental Management & Toxicology Federal University of AgricultureAbeokutaNigeria

Objective:This study compared the prevalence of intestinal helminths in Water,sanitation and Hygiene(WAsH) intervention and non-intervention communities in Abeokuta,***:stool samples were collected from 225 respondents in a study carried out between July and November,*** samples were examined for presence of helminths using Formol-Ether concentration *** collected from stool samples were analyzed using sPss for Windows(version 16).Results:Results showed that,at the intervention community,88 out of 113 respondents were infected with at least one helminth infection while at non-intervention community,80 out of 112 respondents were *** result revealed overall helminth prevalence of78% at Mawuko and 71% at *** both intervention(Mawuko) and non-intervention(Isolu) communities,hookworm was the most prevalent helminth observed(21% and18%,respectively) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides(13% and 13%,respectively),Taenia sp.(4% and 3%,respectively) and Trichostrongylus sp.(1% and 3%,respectively).Cases of single infections of Trichuris trichiura,strongyloides stercoralis and Hymenolepsis nana were observed only at the non-intervention ***,*** occurred in the multiple infections observed at the intervention *** more(p ses of infections were observed in male(46%) at the intervention community than female(31%) while in non-intervention community females(39%) were significantly(p s(32%).Conclusions:This study concludes that the Community Led-Total sanitation intervention programme,which was executed in Mawuko was not effective as expected.

关键词： Intestinal helminths WAsH intervention sanitation Infections Prevalence

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