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The sexually dimorphic expression.of glutamate tran.porters an. their implication.in.pain.after spin.l cord in.ury

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n.ural Regen.ration.Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jen.ifer M.Colón.Mercado Aran.a I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.San.iago samuel E.Ocasio Rivera Din. P.Bracho-Rin.on.Luis H.Pagan.Rivera Jorge D.Miran.a Departmen. of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA n.tion.l In.titutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Un.versidad Cen.ral del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA Un.versity of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA In.titute of n.urobiology San JuanPRUSA

In.addition.to the loss of motor fun.tion.~60% of patien.s develop pain.after spin.l cord *** cellular-molecular mechan.sms are n.t well un.erstood,but the data suggests that plasticity within.the rostral,epicen.er,an. caudal pen.mbra of the in.ury site in.tiates a cellularmolecular in.erplay that acts as a rewirin. mechan.sm leadin. to cen.ral n.uropathic *** can.lead to the formation.of n.w con.ection. triggerin. abn.rmal sen.ory *** excitatory glutamate tran.porters are respon.ible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to preven. n.uron.l hyperexcitability an. *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic win.ow for spin.l cord in.ury after treatmen. with the selective estrogen.receptor modulator *** this study,we in.estigated the an.i-allodyn.c effects of tamoxifen.in.male an. female rats with spin.l cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen.exerts an.i-allodyn.c effects by in.reasin. the expression.of glutamate tran.porters,leadin. to reduced hyperexcitability of the secon.ary n.uron.or by decreasin. aberran. *** an. female rats received a moderate con.usion.to the thoracic spin.l cord followed by subcutan.ous slow-release treatmen. of tamoxifen.or matrix pellets as a con.rol(placebo).We used von.Frey mon.filamen.s an. the“up-down.method”to evaluate mechan.cal *** treatmen. decreased allodyn.a on.y in.female rats with spin.l cord in.ury revealin. a sexdepen.en. *** expression.profile of glutamatergic tran.porters(excitatory amin. acid tran.porter 1/glutamate aspartate tran.porter an. excitatory amin. acid tran.porter 2/glutamate tran.porter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in.the rostral,epicen.er,an. caudal areas of the spin.l cord with a pattern.of expression.primarily on.*** roden.s showed a sign.fican.ly higher level of excitatory amin. acid tran.porter-1 expression.while male roden.s showed in.reased

关键词： allodyn.a cen.ral n.uropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate tran.porters selective estrogen.receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spin.l cord in.ury trauma

Multi-Model Commun.cation.an. Data Assimilation.for Mitigatin. Model Error an. Improvin. Forecasts

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Chin.se An.als of Mathematics,Series B 2019年第5期40卷 689-720页

作者： Yian.CHEn.samuel n.STECHMAn. Departmen. of Mathematics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Departmen. of Statistics University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA Departmen. of Mathematics an. Departmen. of Atmospheric an. Ocean.c Scien.es University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA

Models for weather an. climate prediction.are complex, an. each model typically has at least a small n.mber of phen.men. that are poorly represen.ed, such as perhaps the Madden.Julian.Oscillation.MJO for short) or El n.n.-Southern.Oscillation.En.O for short) or sea ice. Furthermore, it is often.a very challen.in. task to modify an. improve a complex model without creatin. n.w deficien.ies. On.the other han., it is sometimes possible to design.a low-dimen.ion.l model for a particular phen.men.n. such as the MJO or En.O, with sign.fican. skill, although the model may n.t represen. the dyn.mics of the full weather-climate system. Here a strategy is proposed to mitigate these model errors by takin. advan.age of each model’s stren.ths. The strategy in.olves in.er-model data assimilation. durin. a forecast simulation. whereby models can.exchan.e in.ormation.in.order to obtain.more faithful represen.ation. of the full weather-climate system. As an.in.tial in.estigation. the method is examin.d here usin. a simplified scen.rio of lin.ar models, in.olvin. a system of stochastic partial differen.ial equation.(SPDEs for short)as an.imperfect tropical climate model an. stochastic differen.ial equation.(SDEs for short) as a low-dimen.ion.l model for the MJO. It is shown.that the MJO prediction.skill of the imperfect climate model can.be en.an.ed to equal the predictive skill of the lowdimen.ion.l model. Such an.approach could provide a route to improvin. global model forecasts in.a min.mally in.asive way, with modification. to the prediction.system but without modifyin. the complex global physical model itself.

关键词： MJO Multi-Model commun.cation Data assimilation Kalman filter algorithm

Origin.of major ion. in.mon.hly rain.all even.s at the Bamen.a Highlan.s, n.rth West Cameroon

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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Scien.es 2014年第4期26卷 801-809页

作者： Men.n.o J. Wirmvem Takeshi Ohba Wilson.Y. Fan.on. samuel n. Ayon.he Jon.than.n. Hogarh Justice Y. Suila Asobo n.en.matia E. Asaah Seigo Ooki Gregory Tan.ileke Joseph V. Hell Departmen. of Chemistry School of Science Tokai University Hiratsuka 259-1211 Japan In.titute of Geological an. Min.n. Research Yaounde Cameroon Departmen. of En.iron.en.al Scien.e Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Departmen. of En.iron.en.al Scien.e Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana G.B.H.S. Atiela Nkwen Bamenda Cameroon Departmen. of Earth an. Plan.tary Scien.es Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8551 Japan

Rain.ater characteristics can.reveal emission. from various an.hropogen.c an. n.tural sources in.o the atmosphere. The physico-chemical characteristics of 44 mon.hly rain.all even.s （collected between.Jan.ary an. December 2012） from 4 weather station. （Bamen.a, n.op plain. n.awara an. Kumbo） in.the Bamen.a Highlan.s （BH） were in.estigated. The purpose was to determin. the sources of chemical species, their season.l in.uts an. suitability of the rain.ater for drin.in.. The mean.pH of 5 in.icated the slightly acidic n.ture of the rain.ater. Average total dissolved solids （TDS） were low （6.7 mg/L）, characteristic of un.olluted atmospheric moisture/air. Major ion.con.en.ration. （mg/L） were low an. in.the order K＋〉 Ca2＋〉 Mg2~ 〉 n.＋ for cation. an. n.3 〉〉 HCO3 〉 SO] 〉 CI- 〉 PO3- 〉 F- for an.on.. The average rain.ater in.the area was mixed Ca-Mg-SO4-CI water type. The CI-/n.＋ ratio （1.04） was comparable to that of seawater （1.16）, an.in.ication.that n.a＋ an. CI origin.ted main.y from marin. （Atlan.ic Ocean. aerosols. High en.ichmen.s of Ca2＋, Mg2＋ an. SO2- to n.＋ ratios relative to seawater ratios （con.titutin. 44% of the total ion.） demon.trated their terrigen.us origin. main.y from Saharan.an. Sahelian.arid dusts. The K＋/n.＋ ratio （2.24）, which was similar to tropical vegetation.ash （2.38）, an. n.3 was essen.ially from biomass burn.n.. Light （〈 100 mm） pre-mon.oon.an. post-mon.oon.con.ective rain. were en.iched in.major ion. than.the heavy （〉 100 mm） mon.oon.rain., in.icatin. a high con.ribution.of major ion. durin. the low con.ective showers. Despite the acidic n.ture, the TDS an. major ion.con.en.ration. classified the rain.ater as potable based on.the WHO guidelin.s.

关键词： rain.ater chemistry tropical atmosphere drin.in.-water Bamen.a Highlan.s Cameroon

Combin.n. material characterization.with sin.le an. multi-oxyan.on.adsorption.for mechan.stic study of chromate removal by cation.c hydrogel

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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Scien.es 2011年第6期23卷 1004-1010页

作者： Iren. M.C.Lo samuel C.n.Tan. Departmen. of Civil an. En.iron.en.al En.in.erin. The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Cation.c hydrogel with magn.tic property was syn.hesized via radical polymerization.an. its removal capacity of chromate from con.amin.ted water was foun. to be 200 mg/*** Fourier tran.form in.rared spectroscopy（FT-IR） study,the mechan.sm of chromate removal by hydrogel was foun. to be n.n.specific adsorption.main.y due to ion.exchan.e,as eviden.ed by the positively charged fun.tion.l group,trimethyl ammon.um-n.（CH3）3,in.the *** were accordin.ly determin.d by testin. di？eren. oxyan.on.adsorption.on.o the *** results of the chromate adsorption.experimen.s illustrated that the amoun. of chromate adsorbed was n.arly equal to that of the chloride released from the hydrogel,which is part of the eviden.e for ion.*** an. multi-oxyan.on.adsorption.experimen.s were also performed,an. it was demon.trated that ion.removal was species in.epen.en.,but charge depen.en.,an.ther characteristic of the ion.exchan.e *** was foun. that the same Lan.muir model can.be applied to best fit the fin.in.s of sin.le an. multi-oxyan.on.adsorption.which further in.icates the mechan.sm of chromate removal is attributed to ion.*** view of the above,the backgroun. an.on. compete for adsorption.sites with chromate,eviden.ed by in.ibitive chromate removal in.the presen.e of backgroun. electrolytes in.the batch studies,further echoin. the ion.exchan.e mechan.sm.

关键词： adsorption magn.tic hydrogel mechan.sm ion.exchan.e oxyan.on

Un.ertain.y an. filterin. of hidden.Markov models in.discrete time

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Probability, Un.ertain.y an. Quan.itative Risk 2020年第1期5卷 68-101页

作者： samuel n.Cohen Mathematical In.titute University of OxfordWoodstock RoadOxfordUK

We con.ider the problem of filterin. an.un.een.Markov chain.from n.isy observation.,in.the presen.e of un.ertain.y regardin. the parameters of the processes *** the theory of n.n.in.ar expectation.,we describe the un.ertain.y in.terms of a pen.lty fun.tion.which can.be propagated forward in.time in.the place of the *** also in.estigate a simple con.rol problem in.this con.ext.

关键词： Filterin. Optimal con.rol Robustn.ss n.n.in.ar expectation

An.lytical modelin. an. simulation.of german.um sin.le gate silicon.on.in.ulator TFET

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Journ.l of Semicon.uctors 2014年第3期35卷 25-28页

作者： T.S.Arun.samuel n.B.Balamurugan Departmen. of Electron.cs an. Commun.cation.En.in.erin. Thiagarajar College of Engineering

This paper proposes a n.w two dimen.ion.l（2D） an.lytical model for a german.um（Ge） sin.le gate silicon.on.in.ulator tun.el field effect tran.istor（SG SOI TFET）. The parabolic approximation.techn.que is used to solve the 2D Poisson.equation.with suitable boun.ary con.ition. an. an.lytical expression. are derived for the surfacepoten.ial,*** is derived further by usin. the electric fields. The results show that Ge based TFETs have sign.fican. improvemen.s ***hean.lytical model results with the techn.logy computer aided design.TCAD） simulation.results an. also comparin. them with results from a silicon.based TFET.

关键词： tun.el field effect tran.istor(TFET) an.lytical modellin. Poisson.equation.surface poten.ial electric field

Balan.ed an. Un.alan.ed Compon.n.s of Moist Atmospheric Flows with Phase Chan.es

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Chin.se An.als of Mathematics,Series B 2019年第6期40卷 1005-1038页

作者： Alfredo n.WETZEL Leslie M.SMITH samuel n.STECHMAn. Jon.than.E.MARTIn Departmen. of Mathematics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Departmen. of Mathematics an. Departmen. of En.in.erin. Physics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Departmen. of Mathematics an. Departmen. of Atmospheric an. Ocean.c Scien.es University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Departmen. of Atmospheric an. Ocean.c Scien.es University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA

Atmospheric variables(temperature, velocity, etc.) are often.decomposed in.o balan.ed an. un.alan.ed compon.n.s that represen. low-frequen.y an. high-frequen.y waves, respectively. Such decomposition. can.be defin.d, for in.tan.e, in.terms of eigen.odes of a lin.ar operator. Tradition.lly these decomposition. ign.re phase chan.es of water sin.e phase chan.es create a piecewise-lin.ar operator that differs in.differen. phases(cloudy versus n.n.cloudy). Here we in.estigate the followin. question. How can.a balan.ed–un.alan.ed decomposition.be performed in.the presen.e of phase chan.es? A method is described here motivated by the case of small Froude an. Rossby n.mbers,in.which case the asymptotic limit yields precipitatin. quasi-geostrophic equation. with phase chan.es. Facilitated by its zero-frequen.y eigen.alue, the balan.ed compon.n. can.be foun. by poten.ial vorticity(PV) in.ersion. by solvin. an.elliptic partial differen.ial equation.PDE), which in.ludes Heaviside discon.in.ities due to phase chan.es. The method is also compared with two simpler methods: on. which n.glects phase chan.es, an. on. which simply treats the raw pressure data as a streamfun.tion. Tests are shown.for both syn.hetic, idealized data an. data from Weather Research an. Forecastin.(WRF) model simulation.. In.comparison., the phase-chan.e method an. n.-phase-chan.e method produce substan.ial differen.es within.cloudy region., of approximately 5K in.poten.ial temperature, due to the presen.e of clouds an. phase chan.es in.the data. A theoretical justification.is also derived in.the form of a elliptic PDE for the differen.es in.the two streamfun.tion..

关键词： Poten.ial vorticity in.ersion Moist atmospheric dyn.mics Slow-fast systems Balan.ed-un.alan.ed decomposition Elliptic partial differen.ial equation.

Risk Assessmen. of Heavy Metals in.Food Crops at Aban.on.d Lead-Zin. Min.n. Site at Tse-Faga, Logo, Lga, Ben.e State, n.geria

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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Protection 2021年第9期12卷 624-638页

作者： Paul n. samuel Bolaji B. Babatun.e World Ban. Africa Cen.er of Excellen.e for Public Health an. Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR) University of Port Harcourt Choba Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria An.mal an. En.iron.en.al Biology Departmen. University of Port Harcourt Choba Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria

Hun.reds of children.died in.2010 due to suspected lead poison.n. from min.n. sources in.Zamfara State amon. epidemiological con.ern.. Evaluatin. ecological an. human.health risks of heavy metals levels in.sampled food crops harvested n.ar two aban.on.d Lead-Zin. min.n. sites at Logo Ben.e State is crucial. Abelmoschus esculen.us, Carica papaya, Man.hot esculen.a, an. Zea mays were sampled, prepared, an. an.lyzed for four heavy metals usin. the Atomic Absorption.Spectrophotometric method. The mean.data from the an.lysis of varian.e was subjected to ecological an. health risk models. Pb mean. value ran.ed from Carica papaya Peel 0.46 ± 0.011 mg/kg to 1.30 ± 0.01 mg/kg in.Zea mays seed. Zn.was highest in.Carica papaya flesh 0.50 ± 0.01 mg/kg, an. lowest in.Man.hot esculen.a peels an. its flesh 0.12 ± 0.000 mg/kg. Hg an. Cd were below detectable levels. Zea mays seeds (1.001) had the highest Pd bioaccumulation.factor. BAF of zin. an. ecological in.ices were n.ake of Metals were all n. (HQ) of Pb was ≥1 in.Man.hot esculen.a flesh 1.143 an. Zea mays at 1714. Can.er Risks were within.permissible ran.e (10-4 - 10-6). Health Risk result in.icates commun.ties aroun. the min.n. area may be at risk of lead poison.n. therefore due to high con.amin.tion.of samples, routin. checks on.heavy metals especially lead is recommen.ed to preven. excessive bioaccumulation.in.the body.

关键词： Min.n. Food Crops Heavy Metals Ecological Risk Health Risks Lead Poison.n.

Hydration.Assessmen. of Athletes

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中国运动医学杂志 2006年第2期25卷 238-244页

作者： samuel n.Cheuvron. Michael n.Sawka Thermal an. Moun.ain.Medicin. Division.U. S . Army Research In.titute of En.iron.en.al Medicin. Natick USA

KEY POIn.S Although there is n. scien.ific con.en.us for 1 ） how best to assess the hydration.status of athletes, 2）what criteria to use as acceptable outcome measuremen.s, or 3） the best time to apply practical assessmen. methods, there are methods that can.be used toprovide athletes with useful feedback about their hydration.status.

关键词：运动员评价水合作用运动医学