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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 35-43页

作者： Zachary samuel Thorogood Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Philadelphia USA

Polycythemia vera manifests as a myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with diverse symptoms, including aquagenic pruritis. This systematic review addresses the pressing need to enhance the understanding of the disease’s symptomatology and optimize treatment strategies for improved patient outcomes. The rarity and low prevalence of polycythemia vera underscore the importance of this investigation, as existing standard of care involves a multifaceted approach and significant healthcare costs. Despite advancement in therapeutic options, persistent symptoms and resistance to first-line treatments pose challenges. Ruxolitinib has emerged as a promising intervention, demonstrating clinically significant improvement for patients. This systematic review appraises three randomized controlled trials, shedding light on the efficacy of ruxolitinib and its potential to ameliorate pruritis symptoms in symptomatic patients.

关键词： Polycythemia Vera Ruxolitinib Pruritis

A cross-sectional analysis of the effectiveness of a nutritional support programme for people with tuberculosis in Southern Madagascar using secondary data from a non-governmental organisation

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 101-102页

作者： Mara Anna Franke Julius Valentin Emmrich Fierenantsoa Ranjaharinony Onja GbrilleRavololohanitra Harizaka Emmanuel Andriamasy samuel Knauss Nadine Muller Global Digital Health Lab at Charité Center for Global Health Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK Ärzte Für Madagaskar E.V. Leipzig Germany Heidelberg Institute of Global Health Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Doctors for Madagascar Antananarivo Madagascar Speciality Network: Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany

Background There is a strong,bi-directional link between tuberculosis(TB)and undernutrition:TB often causes undernutrition,and undernourished people are more likely to contract TB and experience worse ***,several TB nutritional support programmes exist;however,evidence on their effectiveness is limited and *** study evaluates the effect of a nutritional support programme implemented for people with TB in the Atsimo-Andrefana region,Madagascar in *** this programme,undernourished people with TB[with a body mass index(BMI)of<18.5 kg/m]receive 0.6 L of vegetable oil and 6.0 kg of a soy-wheat blend per month throughout their TB *** We analysed secondary non-governmental organisation data collected between January and Novem-ber 2022 in the Atsimo-Andrefana region,Southern Madagascar,including information on an individual's medical conditions(e.g.,type of TB,treatment outcomes)and nutritional status measured prior to,during,and after comple-tion of treatment(e.g.,height,weight,mid-upper arm circumference).We conducted descriptive analyses of patient baseline characteristics and outcomes to assess the impact of the provided nutritional support on the BMI of people With *** A total of 1310 people with TB were included in the study[9.9%(130)children under the age of 5,32.1%(420)children between 5 and 18 years,58.0%(760)adults].55.4% of children under 5,28.1% of children between ages 5 and 18,and 81.3%of adults were undernourished at treatment initiation.42.3%(55/130)of children under 5 experi-enced severe acute malnutrition at treatment *** the average BMl of adults with TB receiving food support increased over time,from 17.1 kg/m^(2)(interquartile range:15.8-18.3,range:10.3-22.5)to 17.9 kg/m^(2)(interquartile range:16.6-19.1,range:11.9-24.1),most adults remained undernourished even after completing TB *** The current TB nutritional support programme falls short of sufficiently increasing the BM

关键词： Tuberculosis Sub-Saharan Africa Undernutrition Nutritional support

Current Trends in the Management of Distributed Transactions in Micro-Services Architectures: A Systematic Literature Review

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2519-2543页

作者： samuel Lungu Mayumbo Nyirenda Department of Computer Studies University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

In the evolving landscape of software engineering, Microservice Architecture (MSA) has emerged as a transformative approach, facilitating enhanced scalability, agility, and independent service deployment. This systematic literature review (SLR) explores the current state of distributed transaction management within MSA, focusing on the unique challenges, strategies, and technologies utilized in this domain. By synthesizing findings from 16 primary studies selected based on rigorous criteria, the review identifies key trends and best practices for maintaining data consistency and integrity across microservices. This SLR provides a comprehensive understanding of the complexities associated with distributed transactions in MSA, offering actionable insights and potential research directions for software architects, developers, and researchers.

关键词： Microservice Architecture Distributed Transactions Two-Phase Commit (2PC)

Cost effectiveness of nonpharmacological prevention programs for diabetes:A systematic review of trial-based studies

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 12-21页

作者： Yongyi Xiong Zhaohua Huo samuel Y.S.Wong Benjamin H.K.Yip Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina

Trial-based economic value of prevention programs for diabetes is *** aimed to review the cost-effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions to prevent type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)for high-risk *** electronic databases were searched up to March *** assessing both the cost and health outcomes of nonpharmacological interventions for people at high-risk of T2DM were *** quality of the study was assessed by the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 *** primary outcome for synthesis was incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICER)for quality-adjusted life years(QALYs),and costs were standardized in 2022 US *** synthesis was performed,considering different types and delivery methods of *** studies included five based on the US diabetes prevention program(DPP),six on non-DPP-based lifestyle interventions,four on health education,and one on screening plus lifestyle *** with usual care,lifestyle interventions showed higher potential of cost-effectiveness than educational *** lifestyle interventions,DPP-based programs were less cost-effective(median of ICERs:$27,077/QALY)than non-DPP-based programs(median of ICERs:$1395/QALY)from healthcare perspectives,but with larger decreases in diabetes ***,the cost-effectiveness of interventions was more possibly realized through the combination of different delivery *** interventions to prevent T2DM in high-risk populations are both cost-effective and feasible in various ***,economic evidence from low-and middle-income countries is still lacking,and interventions delivered by trained laypersons and combined with peer support sessions or mobile technologies could be potentially a cost-effective solution in such settings with limited resources.

关键词： economic evaluation nonpharmacological interventions pre-diabetes prevention

A direct polymeric carbon nitride/tungsten oxide Z-scheme heterostructure for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation via reforming of plastics into value-added chemicals

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Rare Metals 2024年第8期43卷 3771-3783页

作者： Rui-Zhe Wang Zhi Lin Yi-Qing Wang Kai-Ni Zhang Ge-Hong Zhang Jie Zhang samuel S.Mao Shao-Hua Shen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China School of Civil and Architecture Engineering Xi'an Technological UniversityXi'an 710021China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA

To promote charge transfer and separation for efficient photocatalysis,a direct Z-scheme heterostructure was constructed by coupling polymeric carbon nitride(PCN) and WO_(3).Interestingly,the obtained PCN/WO_(3)Z-scheme heterostructure could photocataly tic ally produce hydrogen and value-added chemicals(e.g.,formate and acetate) by reforming of plastic polylactic acid(PLA) in alkaline aqueous *** optimizing WO_(3) contents and reaction conditions,the obtained PCN/WO_(3)heterostructure exhibits much increased photocatalytic activity for PLA photoreforming under visible light,with hydrogen evolution rate reaching 402.90 μmol·g~(-1)·h~(-1),which is 3.5 times that of *** is revealed that the Z-scheme charge transfer between PCN and WO_(3) mainly contributes to the promoted charge separation and thus the improved photocatalytic ***,with h+and·OH experimentally evidenced as the predominant active species,a possible reaction pathway for the reforming of PLA into value-added chemicals(e.g.,formate and acetate)over PCN/WO_(3) Z-scheme heterostructure is cleared by monitoring the reaction intermediates and *** work paves a carbon neutrality and scalable route toward the synergistical production of hydrogen and value-added chemicals by utilizing and recycling plastic waste.

关键词： Carbon nitride Z-scheme heterojunction Plastic waste conversion Photocatalytic H_(2)production Value-added chemicals

A tribo-chemical view on astringency of plant-based food substances

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Friction 2024年第7期12卷 1392-1407页

作者： samuel S.GAMANIEL Paloma S.DUEÑAS ROBLES Hans TROMP Els H.A.de HOOG Sissi de BEER Emile van der HEIDE Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede 7522 LWthe Netherlands NIZO Food Research B.V. Ede6710 BAthe Netherlands Department of Molecules and Materials MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology University of TwenteEnschede 7500 AEthe Netherlands

Consumption of plant-based food products having high composition of polyphenols leads to the sensation of *** sliding oral surfaces,friction is an essential property during the oral perception of roughness and dryness which are attributes associated with *** factors including the chemical composition of interacting layers,structure and operation of interfaces have an effect on the astringency development *** manner of interactions occurring at oral interfaces suggest there is a system dependence of astringency and highlights the importance of adopting a tribosystems *** measurement techniques have shown an existing relationship between salivary protein-polyphenol interaction and an astringent ***,the tribo-chemistry involved in this multifaceted sensation remains largely unexplored in a comprehensive *** this review the underlying tribo-chemical processes useful in understanding the mechanism of astringency are highlighted and discussed considering current techniques employed to investigate astringency *** of lubrication on oral surfaces owing to the tribo-chemical interactions involving saliva and astringent plant proteins requires subsequent deformations of oral tissues which are significant enough to induce strains at mechanoreceptor locations,leading to the sensation of *** is proposed that micro-scale contact modelling on the interaction of food particles/aggregates,boundary layers and oral surfaces shows potential in addressing the knowledge gap between tribo-chemical measurement techniques and panel tests,making it possible to attain a predictor for astringency.

关键词： oral lubrication astringency tribo-chemistry tribology

Chatbots:a critical look into the future of the academia

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 287-288页

作者： samuel Ariyo Okaiyeto Arun S.Mujumdar Parag Prakash Sutar Wei Liu Junwen Bai Hongwei Xiao College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversitySte.Anne de BellevueQuebecCanada Department of Food Process Engineering National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkela 769008India School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

Like every other societal domain,science faces yet another reckoning caused by a bot called ChatGPT(Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer).ChatGPT was introduced in November 2022 to produce messages that seem like they were written by humans and are *** the release of the latest version of ChatGPT called GPT-4,and other similar models such as Google Bard,Chatsonic,Collosal Chat,these chatbots combine several(about 175 billion)neural networks pre-trained on large Language Models(LLMs),allowing them to respond to user promptings just like ***-4 for example can admit its mistakes and confront false assumptions thanks to the dialogue style,which also enables it to write essays and to keep track of the context of a discussion while it is ***,users may be deceived by the human-like text structure of the AI models to believe that it came from a human origin[1].These chatbot models could be better,even though they generate text with a high level of ***,they produce inappropriate or wrong responses,resulting in faulty inferences or ethical *** article will discuss some fundamental strengths and weaknesses of this Artificial intelligence(AI)system concerning scientific research.

关键词： ChatGPT AI generative models academia ethical and moral restraints

Thermochemical co-conversion of biomass-plastic waste to biochar:a review

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期5卷 31-49页

作者： Adewale George Adeniyi Kingsley O.Iwuozor Ebuka Chizitere Emenike Oluwaseun J.Ajala samuel Ogunniyi Kabir B.Muritala Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of IlorinIlorinP.M.B.1515Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Landmark UniversityOmu-AranKwara StateP.M.B.1001Nigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaP.M.B.5025Nigeria Department of Chemistry Federal University of TechnologyBosso CampusMinnaNiger StateP.M.B.65Nigeria

Biomass and plastics are two of the most common municipal solid wastes globally that have continuously placed a burden on the *** is therefore important that they are properly *** coconversion offers a valuable opportunity to recycle biomass and plastics simultaneously into biochar,which reduces the time and cost of recycling them individually while producing a material with a wide range of *** study is a review of published literature that discusses the thermochemical co-processing of biomass and plastic wastes into *** was observed that co-pyrolysis and co-hydrothermal carbonization are the most commonly utilized technologies for this *** characteristics of different biomass and plastics that have been thermochemically converted into biochar were *** properties of the resulting biochar are affected by the feedstock composition,pre-treatment and blending ratio,the reactor’s configuration,reaction temperature,and the presence of a *** studies found that treating the feedstocks separately resulted in a lower yield of biochar than processing them *** biochar created by this procedure has been used as a soil additive and as an adsorbent for water *** perspectives and suggestions,such as the necessity for some technical advancement,biochar’s economic benefits,improved government participation,and raised social awareness,were also *** factors have the potential to propel this field of study to great horizons.

关键词： Biomass Co-pyrolysis Plastic Thermochemical process Valorization

A“Going Concern”and the Need to Fully Integrate Economics in the Business School Curriculum

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2024年第1期20卷 14-19页

作者： samuel E.Enajero University of Maryland Global Campus AdelphiUSA

In response to the recommendation by the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business(AACSB,2002),which urged business schools to embark on interdisciplinary programs to facilitate boundary-spanning teaching and learning,many colleges have conducted one form of curriculum integration or the *** of these team-taught course integrations,however,concentrate on core business courses without reaching out to related courses in other ***,due to some factors,the informational contents of management disclosures in annual reports and audit unqualified opinions may not align with the future viability of an *** a“going concern concept”,this paper demonstrates how the addition of economics in business school curriculum integration could produce well-rounded business *** concepts could unambiguously support the tests that cast doubts on firms’ability to continue operations.

关键词： audit opinion bankruptcy financial condition going concern shutdown point

High frequency of severe liver dysfunction in critically ill Dengue patients in the French West Indies

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第3期4卷 403-404页

作者： Laurent Camous samuel Markowicz Cecile Loraux Julien Jabot Jean David Pommier Réanimation Médicale et Chirurgicale CHU de GuadeloupeChemin ChauvelLes Abymes97139 GuadeloupeFrance Service de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales CHU de GuadeloupeChemin ChauvelLes Abymes97139 GuadeloupeFrance Service de Microbiologie CHU de GuadeloupeChemin ChauvelLes Abymes97139 GuadeloupeFrance Médecine Intensive et Réanimation Centre hospitalier universitaire de la Réunion 97460 Saint-PaulFrance Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe Morne Jolivière97183 AbymesFrance

Dear Editor,Dengue is a worldwide zoonosis,transmitted by mosquitoes and highly prevalent in tropical and subtropical *** recent years,its incidence has increased with a massive healthcare burden worldwide[1]and recent climatic changes have expanded the geographic range of the insect vector with described outbreaks in Europe.[2]Most patients present pauci-symptomatic infections,but some patients could present severe manifestations with high reported mortality[[3],[4],[5]]and no specific *** bleeding,hemodynamic failure and various organ damage(cardiac,renal,neurological,and hepatic)are described in severe dengue(SD)patients.[5]In the future,intensivists worldwide will be increasingly treating SD and the spectrum of severe organ impairment should be well known.

关键词： patients mortality expanded