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Critical review of the impact of cover crops on soil properties

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第3期10卷 343-354页

作者： Komlan Koudahe samuel CAllen Koffi Djaman Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department Kansas State University1016 Seaton Hall920 N.Martin Luther King Jr.DriveManhattanKS66506USA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State UniversityAgricultural Science Center at FarmingtonP.O.Box 1018FarmingtonNM87499USA

Grasses as well as leguminous and non-leguminous broadleaves are the major categories of commonly grown cover crops *** review focuses on the contribution of cover crops to soil *** review first considers the single and mixed cover crops and shows that grass species are desirable for their decay and ability to provide substantial soil cover,broadleaf species are used for their quick decomposition and capacity of releasing residues into the soil,while the leguminous species are used for their ability to fix atmospheric ***,the impacts of cover crops on soil health are *** cover crops into conventional cropping systems may reduce soil bulk density,improve soil structure and hydraulic properties to facilitate increased water infiltration and *** residue additions from cover crops may enhance soil organic C and N accretion as well as increase availability of P,K,Ca,Fe and Mg in some soil types under certain climatic ***,cover crops may provide a better condition for microbial activity,abundance,and ***,the review shows that through proper management,cover crops may be utilized as an essential component of soil conservation practices for enhanced soil ***,further investigation is necessary to determine cover crop effects in additional cropping systems and climatic zones as well as the long-term effects of cover crops on soil properties,subsequent crop yield,and overall cropping system *** review is an important source of information for crop growers,crop management institutions,universities,and crop consultants for sustainable agricultural production.

关键词： Cover crops Soil properties Grasses Leguminous

One ring is sufficient to inhibit α-synuclein aggregation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第3期17卷 508-511页

作者： samuel Peña-Díaz Salvador Ventura Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain InstitucióCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats(ICREA) BarcelonaSpain

Parkinson's disease,the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide,is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta,causing motor *** disorder's main hallmark is the formation of intraneuronal protein inclusions,named Lewy bodies and *** major component of these arrangements is α-synuclein,an intrinsically disordered and soluble protein that,in pathological conditions,can form toxic and cell-to-cell transmissible amyloid *** α-synuclein aggregation has attracted significant effort in the search for a disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson's *** molecules like Synu Clean-D,epigallocatechin gallate,trodusquemine,or anle138 b exemplify this therapeutic ***,we describe a subset of compounds containing a single aromatic ring,like dopamine,ZPDm,gallic acid,or entacapone,which act as molecular chaperones against α-synuclein *** simplicity of their structures contrasts with the complexity of the aggregation process,yet the block efficiently α-synuclein assembly into amyloid fibrils,in many cases,redirecting the reaction towards the formation of non-toxic off-pathway ***,some of these compounds can disentangle mature α-synuclein amyloid *** simple structures allow structure-activity relationship analysis to elucidate the role of different functional groups in the inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation and fibril dismantling,making them informative lead scaffolds for the rational development of efficient drugs.

关键词： amyloid aromatic rings dopamine inhibition neurodegeneration oligomers Parkinson's disease protein aggregation α-synuclein

G-Algebra Structure on the Higher Order Hochschild Cohomology H*_(S)^(2)(A,A)

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Algebra Colloquium 2022年第1期29卷 113-124页

作者： samuel Carolus Mihai D.Staic Department of Mathematics and Statistics Ohio Northern University AdaOH 45810USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Bowling Green State University Bowling GreenOH 43403USA Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy PO.BOX 1-764 RO-70700 BucharestRomania

We present a deformation theory associated to the higher Hochschild coho-mology H*_(S)^(2)(A,A).We also study a G-algebra structure associated to this deformation theory.

关键词： higher Hochschild cohomology operad G-algebra

Synthesis, molecular docking and antibacterial evaluation of 2-（ 4-（ 4-aminophenylsulfonyl）phenylam ino ）-3-（thiophen-2- ylthio）naphthalene-1,4-dione derivatives

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2015年第1期9卷 46-56页

作者： Palanisamy RAVICHANDIRAN Dhanaraj PREMNATH samuel VASANTHKUMA Department of Chemistry School of Science & Humanities Karunya University Coimbatore-641 114 India Department of Bioinformatics School of Biotechnology and Health sciences Karunya University Coimbatore-641 114 India

A new series of 2-（4-（4-aminophenylsulfonyl） phenylamino）-3-（thiophen-2-ylthio）naphthalene-1,4-dione derivatives （3a-3n） were synthesized and characterized by spectral techniques. To understand the interaction of binding sites with bacterial protein receptor, the docking study was performed by the GLIDE program and compound N-（4-（4-（1,4-dioxo-3-（thiophen-2-ylthio）- 1,4- dihydronaphthalen-2-ylamino）phenylsulfonyl）phenyl）-3- methylbenzamide （3b） exhibited good glide and E model scores of-5.89 and -94.90, respectively. Moreover among all the molecules studied including the standards used, namely Sparfloxacin （4.8 μg/mL） and Norfloxacin （no inhibition observed） for their antibacterial property, compound N-（4-（4-（1,4-dioxo-3-（thiophen-2-ylthio）- 1,4- dihydronaphthalen-2-ylamino）phenylsulfonyl）phenyl）-4- nitrobenzamide （3e） exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） value of 1.3 μg/mL against Proteus vulgaris.

关键词： MIC 2-thiophene thiol water as solvent acidchlorides sulfone

Multi-Model Communication and Data Assimilation for Mitigating Model Error and Improving Forecasts

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2019年第5期40卷 689-720页

作者： Yian CHEN samuel N.STECHMANN Department of Mathematics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Statistics University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Mathematics and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA

Models for weather and climate prediction are complex, and each model typically has at least a small number of phenomena that are poorly represented, such as perhaps the Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO for short) or El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO for short) or sea ice. Furthermore, it is often a very challenging task to modify and improve a complex model without creating new deficiencies. On the other hand, it is sometimes possible to design a low-dimensional model for a particular phenomenon, such as the MJO or ENSO, with significant skill, although the model may not represent the dynamics of the full weather-climate system. Here a strategy is proposed to mitigate these model errors by taking advantage of each model’s strengths. The strategy involves inter-model data assimilation, during a forecast simulation, whereby models can exchange information in order to obtain more faithful representations of the full weather-climate system. As an initial investigation, the method is examined here using a simplified scenario of linear models, involving a system of stochastic partial differential equations(SPDEs for short)as an imperfect tropical climate model and stochastic differential equations(SDEs for short) as a low-dimensional model for the MJO. It is shown that the MJO prediction skill of the imperfect climate model can be enhanced to equal the predictive skill of the lowdimensional model. Such an approach could provide a route to improving global model forecasts in a minimally invasive way, with modifications to the prediction system but without modifying the complex global physical model itself.

关键词： MJO Multi-Model communication Data assimilation Kalman filter algorithm

Kinetic Alfven Waves Excited by Cometary Newborn Ions with Large Perpendicular Energies

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Plasma Science and Technology 2011年第2期13卷 135-139页

作者： George samuel Devi E SAVITHRI Venugopal CHANDU School of Pure and Applied Physics Mahatma Gandhi University

Stability of the kinetic Alfven wave in a plasma of hydrogen, oxygen and electrons is studied. Each species is modeled by drifting ring distributions in the direction parallel to the magnetic field, while in the perpendicular direction the distribution is simulated with a loss cone type distribution obtained through the subtraction of two Maxwellian distributions with different temperatures. It is found that for frequencies ω＊〈 ωcH with ω＊ and ωcH the Doppler shifted and hydrogen ion gyro-frequencies, respectively, the growth rate of the kinetic Alfven wave increases with the increase in propagation angles and density of oxygen ions. On the other hand, for frequencies ω＊〈 ωco with ωco the oxygen ion gyro-frequency the growth rate is independent of the oxygen ion density.

关键词： kinetic Alfven wave stability multi-ion cometary plasma

Deobfuscation,unpacking,and decoding of obfuscated malicious JavaScript for machine learning models detection performance improvement

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2020年第3期5卷 184-192页

作者： samuel Ndichu Sangwook Kim Seiichi Ozawa Graduate School of Engineering Kobe UniversityKobe CityJapan Center for Mathematical and Data Sciences Kobe UniversityKobe CityJapan

Obfuscation is rampant in both benign and malicious JavaScript(JS)*** generates an obscure and undetectable code that hinders comprehension and ***,accurate detection of JS codes that masquerade as innocuous scripts is *** existing deobfuscation methods assume that a specific tool can recover an original JS code *** a multi-layer obfuscation,general tools realize a formatted JS code,but some sections remain *** the detection of such codes,this study performs Deobfuscation,Unpacking,and Decoding(DUD-preprocessing)by function redefinition using a Virtual Machine(VM),a JS code editor,and a python int_to_str()function to facilitate feature learning by the FastText *** learned feature vectors are passed to a classifier model that judges the maliciousness of a JS *** performance evaluation,the authors use the Hynek Petrak’s dataset for obfuscated malicious JS codes and the SRILAB dataset and the Majestic Million service top 10,000 websites for obfuscated benign JS *** then compare the performance to other models on the detection of DUD-preprocessed obfuscated malicious JS *** experimental results show that the proposed approach enhances feature learning and provides improved accuracy in the detection of obfuscated malicious JS codes.

关键词： JavaScript editor python

Methyl acetate-methanol mixture separation by extractive distillation:Economic aspects

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第4期12卷 670-682页

作者： Elena Graczova Branislav Sulgan samuel Barabas Pavoi Steltenpohl Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava81237 BratislavaSlovakia

Methyl acetate is considered low toxicity volatile solvent produced either as a by-product during methanol carbonylation or via acetic acid esterification with methanol. In both cases, pure methyl acetate has to be isolated from the reaction mixture. Simulation of methyl acetate separation from its mixture with methanol by extraction distillation was carried out in ASPEN + software. In total three case studies were assumed using two different extraction solvents and two solvent regeneration strategies. In case A, novel extraction solvent 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ionic liquid, was considered. Raw material separation was achieved in an extraction distillation column while the solvent regeneration was accomplished in a second distillation column in this case. In case study B, the same extraction solvent was used; however, its regeneration was carried out in a single-effect evaporator. Dimethyl sulfoxide was the second extraction solvent selected. Its use in methyl acetate-methanol separation is presented in case study C. As high purity of dimethyl sulfoxide was required for the methyl acetate-methanol azeotrope breaking, its regeneration was carried out in the second distillation column only. To simulate the ternary methyl acetate-methanol-extraction solvent mixtures separation, vapor-liquid equilibrium was predicted based on the NRTL equation. Further, unknown properties of the considered ionic liquid and variation of these properties with temperature were predicted and introduced into the ASPEN + components properties database. Based on these data, optimum operation parameters of the respective separation equipment were established. In all case studies, the same condition had to be fulfilled, namely minimum methyl acetate content in the distillate from the extraction distillation column of 99.5mol-%. Results of simulations using the respective optimum operation parameters were employed in the economic evaluation of the three separation un

关键词： methyl acetate 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate extraction distillation dimethyl sulfoxide economic evaluation

Thermodynamic analysis for a third grade fluid through a vertical channel with internal heat generation

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第2期27卷 264-272页

作者： ADESANYA samuel O. MAKINDE Oluwole D. Department of Mathematical Sciences Redeemer's University Faculty of Military Science Stellenbosch University

This paper makes the thermodynamic analysis in forced convective flow of a third grade fluid through a vertical channel. Due to the reactive nature of the fluid, the effect of internal heat generation is considered and assumed to be a linear function of temperature. The coupled nonlinear dimensionless ordinary differential equations governing the fluid flow are solved by using the Adomian decomposition method（ADM）. The effects of various physical parameters such as third grade material parameter, buoyancy parameter and heat generation parameter on the thermal structure of flow are presented and discussed.

关键词： energy conservation vertical channel third grade fluid internal heat generation Adomian decomposition method(ADM)