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Perinatal transmission in infants of mothers with chronic hepatitis B in california

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第27期23卷 4942-4949页

作者： Jennifer c Burgis Darryl Kong catheryn Salibay Jennifer Zipprich Kathleen Harriman samuel So Department of Pediatrics Stanford University california Department of Public Health Immunization Branch Asian Liver center Stanford University

To evaluate maternal hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA as risk for perinatal HBV infection among infants of HBV-infected women in california. METHODSRetrospective analysis among infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers who received post vaccination serologic testing (PVST) between 2005 and 2011 in california. Demographic information was collected from the california Department of Public Health Perinatal Hepatitis B Program databaseand matched to birth certificate records. HBV DNA level and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status were obtained from three large commercial laboratories in california and provider records if available and matched to mother infant pairs. Univariate analysis compared infected and uninfected infants. Multivariate analysis was restricted to infected infants and controls with complete maternal HBV DNA results using a predefined high HBV DNA level of > 2 × 107 IU/mL, a 5:1 ratio of cases to controls and a two-sided confidence level of 95%. RESULTSA total of 17687 infants were born to HBsAg positive mothers in california between Jan 1 2005 and Dec 31, 2011. Among 11473 infants with PVST, only 125 (1.1%) were found to be HBV infected. Among these infected infants, lapses in Advisory committee on Immunization Practices recommended post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) occurred in only 9 infants. However, PEP errors were not significantly different between infected and uninfected infants. Among the 347 uninfected and infected infants who had maternal HBeAg and HBV DNA level, case-control analysis found HBeAg positivity (70.4% vs 28.9%, OR = 46.76, 95%cI: 6.05-361.32, P 7 IU/mL (92.6% vs 18.5%, OR = 54.5, 95%cI: 12.22-247.55, P ciated with perinatal HBV infection. In multivariate logistic regression, maternal HBV DNA level ≥ 2 × 107 IU/mL was the only significant independent predictor of perinatal HBV infection. cONcLUSIONIn california, tra

关键词： Perinatal transmission Hepatitis B virus DNA Pregnancy Hepatitis B Vaccination Post-vaccine serology testing

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Residual finiteness of outer automorphism groups of certain 1-relator groups

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Science china Mathematics 2009年第2期52卷 287-292页

作者： kim Goansu TANG c. Y. Yeungnam University University of Waterloo Waterloo

We prove that certain 1-relator groups have Property E. Using this fact, we characterize all conjugacy separable 1-relator groups of the form a,b;(a-αbβaαbγ)t , t 1, having residually finite outer automorphism gro... 详细信息

关键词： outer automorphism groups 1-relator groups residually finite conjugacy separable 20E26 20E06 20F28

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Invasion genetics： Lessons from a ubiquitous bird, the house sparrow Passer domesticus

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current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 465-476页

作者： Andrea L. LIEBL Aaron W. ScHREY samuel c. ANDREW Elizabeth L.SHELDON Simon c. GRIFFITH University of Exeter ComwaU Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK Department of Biology Armstrong State University Savannah GA31419 USA Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia

Following an introduction, non-native species are exposed to environments that differ from those found in their native range; further, as these non-native species expand beyond the site of introduction, they must constantly adapt to novel environ- ments. Although introduced species are present across most ecosystems, few species have successfully established themselves on a truly global scale. One such species, the house sparrow Passer domesticus, is now one of the world＇s most broadly distributed vertebrate species and has been introduced to a great part of its current range. To date, work on four continents suggests both ge- netic and phenotypic variation exists between native and introduced ranges. As such, house sparrows represent an excellent op- portunity to study adaptations to novel environments and how these adaptations are derived. The global distribution of this spe- cies and the multiple independent introductions to geographically isolated sites allow researchers to ask questions regarding ge- netic variation and adaptation on a global scale. Here, we summarize the molecular studies of invasive house sparrows from the earliest work using allozymes through more recent work on epigenetics; using these studies, we discuss patterns of dispersal of this species. We then discuss future directions in techniques （e.g. next generation sequencing） and how they will provide new in- sight into questions that are fundamental to invasion biology. Finally, we discuss how continued research on the house sparrow in light of these genetic changes and adaptations will elucidate answers of adaptation, invasion biology, range expansion, and resi- lience in vertebrate systems generally

关键词： House sparrow Invasive Passer domesticus

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Magnetohydrodynamic flows tuning in a conduit with multiple channels under a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the plane of flow

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2017年第2期29卷 332-343页

作者： Y.Luo c.N.kim M.Q.Zhu Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversityYong-inKorea Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringKyung Hee UniversityYong-inKorea

In this study, three-dimensional liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamic flows in a conduit with multiple channels under a uniform magnetic field are numerically investigated. The geometry of the conduit is of a four-parallel-channels system including one inflow channel and three outflow channels. The liquid-metal flows into the inflow channel, then turns through 180° in the transi- tion segment, finally flows into three different outflow channels. This kind of channel system can induce counter flow and co-flow, which is rarely investigated before though the conceptual designs of duct flow in the blanket have suggested this type of flow. A structured grid system is chosen after a series of mesh independence tests in the present study. The axial velocity in the side layer near the first partitioning wall, located between the inflow channel and the first outflow channel, is the highest with the lowest electric potential formed therein. The pressure almost linearly decreases in the main flow direction, except in the transition segment. Moreover, the pressure gradient in the first outflow channel is the largest among the three outflow channels. The interdependency of the current, fluid velocity, pressure, electric potential is examined in order to describe the electromagnetic characteristics of the liquid-metal flows.

关键词： Liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamics multiple channels

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comparison of ultrasound-measured properties of the common carotid artery to tobacco smoke exposure in a cohort of Indonesian patients

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第3期8卷 177-183页

作者： Allen R.Yu Bima Hasjim Luke E.Yu christopher Gabriel Alexander Anshus Jonathan B.Lee Michael J. Louthan Esther c.kim Katrina Lee christina Tse Thomas Keown Shadi Lahham Maili Alvarado Steven Bunch Abdulatif Gari J.christian Fox School of Medicine University of California Department of Emergency Medicine University of California

BAcKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to use point-of-care ultrasound(POcUS) to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and the characteristics of the common carotid artery(ccA). The effect of both primary and secondary smoking on ccA properties was ***: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study across 20 primary care clinics in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia in July 2016. Point of care ultrasound was performed on a convenience sample of Indonesian patients presenting to clinic. The ccA wall stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness(cIMT) were measured during diastole and systole. These measurements were correlated with smoke exposure and cardiovascular ***: We enrolled 663 patients in the study, with 426 patients enrolled in the smoking category and 237 patients enrolled in the second-hand smoke category. There was an overall positive correlation with the measured lifestyle factors and the ultrasound-measured variables in the group of individuals who smoked. For all variables, age seemed to contribute the most out of all of the lifestyle factors for the positive changes in cIMT and ccA wall ***: Our data yielded correlations between ccA properties and cardiovascular risk, as well as between cIMT and arterial stiffness. We were also able to demonstrate an increase in thickness of the cIMT in patients who have been exposed by tobacco through the use of ultrasound. Further large scale studies comparing patients with multiple cardiac risk factors need to be performed to confi rm the utility of ultrasound fi ndings of cardiovascular disease and stroke.

关键词： carotid artery thickness Point of care ultrasound Indonesia Intimal thickness

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Perception of unrelated microbe-associated molecular patterns triggers conserved yet variable physiological and transcriptional changes in Brassica rapa ***

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 331-342页

作者： Wanhui kim Maxim Prokchorchik Yonghua Tian Seulgi kim Hyelim Jeon cécile Segonzac Department of Plant Science Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Plant Immunity Research center Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Life Sciences Department Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673Republic of Korea Department of Agriculture Forestry and BioresourcesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea

Pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)includes the different transcriptional and physiological responses that enable plants to ward off microbial ***-localized pattern-recognition receptors(PRRs)recognize conserved microbeassociated molecular patterns(MAMPs)and initiate a branched signaling cascade that culminate in an effective restriction of pathogen *** the model species Arabidopsis thaliana,early PTI events triggered by different PRRs are broadly conserved although their nature or intensity is dependent on the origin and features of the detected *** order to provide a functional basis for disease resistance in leafy vegetable crops,we surveyed the conservation of PTI events in Brassica rapa *** identified the PRR homologs present in *** genome and found that only one of the two copies of the bacterial Elongation factor-Tu receptor(EFR)might *** also characterized the extent and unexpected specificity of the transcriptional changes occurring when *** seedlings are treated with two unrelated MAMPs,the bacterial flagellin flg22 peptide and the fungal cell wall component ***,using a MAMP-induced protection assay,we could show that bacterial and fungal MAMPs elicit a robust immunity in ***,despite significant differences in the kinetic and amplitude of the early signaling *** data support the relevance of PTI for crop protection and highlight specific functional target for disease resistance breeding in Brassica crops.

关键词： breeding crops immunity

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Evaluation of spermatogenesis and fertility in F1 male rats after in utero and neonatal exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2005年第2期7卷 189-194,页

作者： M.K.chung S.J.Lee Y.B.kim S.c.Park D.H.Shin S.H.kim J.c.kim Reproductive Toxicology Division Korea Institute of ToxicologyKorea Research Institute of Chemical TechnologyDaejeon 305-600Korea college of Veterinary Medicine Chungbuk National UniversityCheongju 361-763Korea college of Veterinary Medicine Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 702-701Korea college of Veterinary Medicine Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 500-757Korea

Aim:To determine whether in utero and neonatal exposure to a 60 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) results in spermatotoxicity and reproductive dysfunction in the F1 offspring of ***:Age-matched, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed continuously (21 h/day) to a 60 Hz EMF at field strengths of 0 (sham control),5,83.3 or 500 μT from day 6 of gestation through to day 21 of *** experimentally generated magnetic field was monitored continuously (uninterrupted monitoring over the period of the study) throughout the ***:No exposure-related changes were found in exposed or sham-exposed animals with respect to the anogenital distance,preputial separation,testis weight,testicular histology,sperm count,daily sperm production, sperm motility,sperm morphology and reproductive capacity of F1 ***:Exposure of Sprague- Dawley rats to a 60 Hz EMF at field strengths of up to 500 μT from day 6 of gestation to day 21 of lactation did not produce any detectable alterations in offspring spermatogenesis and fertility.

关键词： spermatogenesis electromagnetic fields prenatal exposure postnatal exposure rat

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The role of phase impurities and lattice defects on the electron dynamics and photochemistry of cuFeO2 solar photocathodes

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2390-2399页

作者： Elizabeth A. Fugate Somnath Biswas Mathew c. clement Minkyu kim Dongjoon kim Aravind Asthagiri L. Robert Baker Department of chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

cuFeO2 is a promising photocathode for H2 evolution and cO2 reduction *** better understand the complex defect chemistry and role of impurity phases in this material and their effect on the photochemical performance,we employ visible light transient absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory(DFT)calculations to investigate the electron dynamics in electrochemically deposited cu-Fe oxide thin *** analysis of carrier lifetime shows a fast,sub-ps contribution to relaxation followed by persistence of a Iong-lived state to time delays greater than 2 *** amplitude of the Iong-lived state is shown to correlate with the rate of fast initial relaxation,and this is explained in terms of a competition between charge carrier trapping and charge *** separation in cuFeO2 occurs via hole thermalizati on from O 2p to cu 3d vale nee band states leadi ng to segregatio n of electr ons and holes across layers in the cuFeO2 *** between transient absorption measurements and DFT calculations suggest that cu vacancies enhanee photochemical performance by facilitating charge separation *** contrast,O interstitials are predicted to switch the relative positions of O 2p and cu 3d vale nee band states,which would in hibit charge separatio n by in ter-band hole thermal izatio *** ally,we find no evide nee for electron in jecti on from cuFeO2 to cuO suggest!ng that charge separati on at this heterostructure in terface does not play a role in the carrier lifetime or photochemical performance of the catalysts studied here.

关键词： delafossite cuFeO2 charge-carrier dynamics transient absorption spectroscopy cu vacancy O interstitial

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Anomalies in(semi)-leptonic B decays B~±→τ~±ν,B~±→Dτ~±ν and B~±→D~*τ~±ν,and possible resolution with sterile neutrino

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chinese Physics c 2017年第11期41卷 14-27页

作者： Gorazd cveti Francis Halzen c.S.kim Sechul Oh Department of Physics Universidad Tcnica Federico Santa María Wisconsin Ice cube Particle Astrophysics center and Department of Physics University of Wisconsin Department of Physics and IPAP Yonsei University University college Yonsei University

The universality of the weak interactions can be tested in semileptonic b→c transitions,and in particular in the ratios R（D＊） ≡ Γ（B → D（＊）τν）/Γ（B → D＊lν）（where 1 = μ or e）.Due to the recent differences between the experimental measurements of these observables by Ba Bar,Belle and LHcb on the one hand and the Standard Model predicted values on the other hand,we study the predicted ratios R（D＊）=Γ（B→D＊τ＋＂missing＂）/Γ（B→D（＊）lν）in scenarios with an additional sterile heavy neutrino of mass ～1 Ge ***,we evaluate the newly defined ratio R（0）≡Γ（B→τ＋＂missing＂）/Γ（B→μν） in such scenarios,in view of the future possibilities of measuring the quantity at Belle-Ⅱ.

关键词： sterile neutrino lepton universality semileptonic B decays

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Estimation of premature forests in Georgia (USA) using *** Service FIA data and Landsat imagery

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第6期28卷 1241-1252页

作者： Hojung kim chris J. cieszewski Roger c. Lowe Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia 180 E. Green Street AthensGA 30602 USA

We used geographic information system applications and statistical analyses to classify young, premature forest areas in southeastern Georgia using combined data from Landsat TM 5 satellite imagery and ground inventory data. We defined premature stands as forests with trees up to 15 years old. We estimated the premature forest areas using three methods: maximum likelihood classification(MLc), regression analysis, and k-nearest neighbor(k NN)modeling. Overall accuracy(OA) of classifying the premature forest using MLc was 82% and the Kappa coefficient of agreement was 0.63, which was the highest among the methods that we have tested. The k NN approach ranked second in accuracy with OA of 61% and a Kappa coefficient of agreement of 0.22. Regression analysis yielded an OA of 57% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.14. We conclude that Landsat imagery can be effectively used for estimating premature forest areas in combination with image processing classifiers such as MLc.

关键词： Landsat Maximum likelihood classification Regression analysis k-nearest neighbor

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