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Recent Advances in Global Optimization for Combinatorial Discrete Problems

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Applied Mathematics 2015年第11期6卷 1842-1856页

作者： Adel R. Awad samia O. Chiban Department of Environmental Engineering Tishreen University Lattakia Syria Higher Institute of Environmental Research Tishreen University Lattakia Syria

The optimization of discrete problems is largely encountered in engineering and information domains. Solving these problems with continuous-variables approach then convert the continuous variables to discrete ones does not guarantee the optimal global solution. Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) have been applied successfully in combinatorial discrete optimization. Here, the mathematical basics of real-coding Genetic Algorithm are presented in addition to three other Evolutionary Algorithms: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Algorithms (ACOA) and Harmony Search (HS). The EAs are presented in as unifying notations as possible in order to facilitate understanding and comparison. Our combinatorial discrete problem example is the famous benchmark case of New-York Water Supply System WSS network. The mathematical construction in addition to the obtained results of Real-coding GA applied to this case study (authors), are compared with those of the three other algorithms available in literature. The real representation of GA, with its two operators: mutation and crossover, functions significantly faster than binary and other coding and illustrates its potential as a substitute to the traditional optimization methods for water systems design and planning. The real (actual) representation is very effective and provides two near-optimal feasible solutions to the New York tunnels problem. We found that the four EAs are capable to afford hydraulically-feasible solutions with reasonable cost but our real-coding GA takes more evaluations to reach the optimal or near-optimal solutions compared to other EAs namely the HS. HS approach discovers efficiently the research space because of the random generation of solutions in every iteration, and the ability of choosing neighbor values of solution elements “changing the diameter of the pipe to the next greater or smaller commercial diameter” beside keeping good current solutions. Our proposed promising point to improve the perfo

关键词： Evolutionary Algorithms Meta-Heuristic Algorithms Real-Coding Genetic Algorithms Water Supply System New-York Tunnels Optimal Design

Covid-19 in West &East Africa, a Geographical Weighted Regression Exploration with http://***/

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第9期9卷 20-33页

作者： Joao Negreiros samia Loucif Mohammed Amin Kuhail Ahmed Seffah College of Technological Innovation Zayed University Abu Dhabi UAE

Understanding the dynamics that affect the spread of Covid-19 is critical for the development of government measures to stop and reverse this nowadays disease propagation. Like in any epidemiological study, it is essential to analyze the spatial data to account for the inherent spatial heterogeneity within the data (spatial autocorrelation). This paper uses Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to identify the factors that influence the outbreak of Covid-19 in Western and Eastern countries of Africa. The analyses include traditional linear regression (including descriptive statistics, hierarchical clustering and correlations were not forgotten either) to reveal the importance of eight risk factors (population density, median age, aged over 65 years, GDP per capita, cardiovascular death rates, diabetes prevalence, female and male smokers) regarding Covid-19 dissemination. It is believed that this is the first attempt to explore possible causes associated with the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic in these disadvantage countries, where some intriguing clues are presented for further research such as the positive relationship between the financial purchase power of nations and the total number of infected people or the smoker’s gender impact on Covid-19.

关键词： Covid-19 Statistics Spatial Analysis Geographical Weighted Regression myGeoffice©

CXCL12 Retargeting of an Oncolytic Adenovirus Vector to the Chemokine CXCR4 and CXCR7 Receptors in Breast Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2021年第6期12卷 311-336页

作者： samia M. O’Bryan J. Michael Mathis Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA University of North Texas Health Science Center Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Fort Worth TX USA

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women under 60, and the second most diagnosed cancer in women over 60. While significant progress has been made in developing targeted therapies for breast cancer, advanced breast cancer continues to have high mortality, with poor 5-year survival rates. Thus, current therapies are insufficient in treating advanced stages of breast cancer;new treatments are sorely needed to address the complexity of advanced-stage breast cancer. Oncolytic virotherapy has been explored as a therapeutic approach capable of systemic administration, targeting cancer cells, and sparing normal tissue. In particular, oncolytic adenoviruses have been exploited as viral vectors due to their ease of manipulation, production, and demonstrated clinical safety profile. In this study, we engineered an oncolytic adenovirus to target the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. The overexpression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 is implicated in the initiation, survival, progress, and metastasis of breast cancer. Both receptors bind to the ligand, CXCL12 (SDF-1), which has been identified to play a crucial role in the metastasis of breast cancer cells. This study incorporated a T4 fibritin protein fused to CXCL12 into the tail domain of an adenovirus fiber to retarget the vector to the CXCR4 and CXCR7 chemokine receptors. We showed that the modified virus targets and infects CXCR4- and CXCR7-overexpressing breast cancer cells more efficiently than a wild-type control vector. In addition, the substitution of the wild-type fiber and knob with the modified chimeric fiber did not interfere with oncolytic capability. Overall, the result

关键词： Adenovirus Breast Cancer Cancer Chemokine CXCL12 CXCR4 CXCR7 Oncolytic Preclinical Receptor Virotherapy Virus

Interleukin-1 and TNF-α polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori in a Brazilian Amazon population

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第12期15卷 1465-1471页

作者： Hivana Patricia Melo Barbosa Luisa Caricio Martins Sidney Emanuel Batista dos Santos samia Demachki Mnica Baraúna Assumpo Charliana Damasceno Arago Tereza Cristina de Oliveira Corvelo Laboratory of Immunogenetics Federal University of Pará66075-110BelémBrazil Nucleus of Tropical Medicine Federal University of Pará66055-240BelémBrazil Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics Federal University of Pará66075-110BelémBrazil Department of Pathology Joo de Barros Barreto Universitary HospitalFederal University of Pará66073-000BelémBrazil Department of Endoscopy Joo de Barros Barreto Universitary HospitalFederal University of Pará66073-000BelémBrazil

AIM:To study the association between Interleukin-1(IL-1)and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αpolymorphisms,infection by Helicobacter pylori(H pylori)and the development of gastrointestinal ***:Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 177 patients with various gastrointestinal diseases and from 100 healthy *** polymorphisms in IL-1βand TNF-αgenes were analyzed using the polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism method(PCRRFLP)and those from IL-1RN with *** presence of infection due to H pylori and the presence of the CagA toxin were detected by *** histopathological parameters in the gastric biopsies of the patients were according to the Sydney ***:A comparison of the frequencies of the different polymorphisms studied among the patients and the control group demonstrated that the allele IL1RN*2 was more frequent among patients with gastric ulcers and *** of the allele ILRN*2 and those with reactive serology for anti-CagA IgG had a greater risk of developing peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma,as well as a higher degree of inflammation and neutrophilic activity in the gastric ***:Our results indicate a positive association between IL-1RN gene polymorphism and infection by positive H pylori CagA strains and the development of gastric ulcers and adenocarcinoma.

关键词：白细胞介素1 多态性分析法肿瘤坏死因子幽门螺杆菌 PCRRFLP 幽门螺旋杆菌组织病理学参数 RN基因多态性

Saudi Consensus for Oral Semaglutide, the Recent Innovation in GLP-1 RAs Era;Consensus Report

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2023年第2期13卷 222-238页

作者： Ali Alromaih Abdullah Alshamrani Bandar Alharbi Ibtissam Alharbi Turki Alharbi samia Bokhari Hussein Elbadawi Mohammed Almehthel Abdulghani Alsaeed Khalid Alyahia Fatimah Alhowyan Marc Evans Roopa Mehta Emad Issak Saud Alsifri Medical Services Ministry of Defense Riyadh Saudi Arabia Khamis Mushait Military Hospotal Khamis Mushait Saudi Arabia Prince Sultan Military Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital Jeddah Saudi Arabia My Clinic Medical Center Jeddah Saudi Arabia King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia South Region Armed Forces Hospital Khamis Mushait Saudi Arabia University Hospital Llandough Cardiff United Kingdom Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism INCMNSZ Mexico City Mexico Asalam Medical Center Cairo Egypt Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital Taif Saudi Arabia

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are among the most successful medications for treating people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), giving reasonable glycemic control with a low risk of hypoglycemia in those who have failed to control their condition with other oral anti-diabetic drugs (OADs). However, GLP-1RAs are underutilized—as time patients remained on their last oral treatment regimen with inadequate glycemic control prior to GLP-1RA initiation is on average of 19 month—despite evidence supporting their effectiveness, safety, and possible CV outcome advantages. With the new advances in GLP-1 RAs, the first oral form for the semaglutide molecule was developed with proven efficacy, safety, and patient preferences that may help pave the road for more utilization of this class. Therefore, we, a Saudi task force, gathered to develop an explicit, evidence-based consensus on oral semaglutide use in Saudi patients with diabetes. The panel recommends a GLP-1RA in those T2DM patients with or without or at high risk for ASCVD, HF, and/or CKD when there is a need to minimize weight gain or promote weight loss, or when there is a need to minimize hypoglycemia. Ensure that people with T2DM and ASCVD, HF, or CKD are treated appropriately with an SGLT-2i or GLP-1 RA. This approach should be initiated independent of background therapy, glycaemic control, or individualized treatment goals. Healthcare professionals should do their best to prevent clinical inertia in T2DM to help people with T2DM achieve better glycemic control and prevent or delay diabetes-related complications. The availability of oral forms of GLP-1RA medications could help combat this problem of clinical inertia to start GLP-1RA at the right time, as patients prefer oral to injectable forms. The availability of oral GLP-1RA can help in starting this class early and encourage healthcare professionals in prescribing it at the right time. Moreover, it can help those patients who fear of the injections. The p

关键词： Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists T2DM Glycemic Control Semaglutide Oral Semaglutide Injectable Semaglutide

Kallimni ʻArabi bishweesh : a beginner''s course in spoken Egyptian Arabic 1

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Kallimni ʻArabi bishweesh : a beginner''s course in spoken ...

Assessment of Wastewater Quality of Drains for Irrigation

2008年

作者： Louis samia.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第9期4卷 937-945页

作者： Almas Hamid Mahrukh Zeb Asim Mehmood Sana Akhtar samia Saif Department of Environmental Sciences Kinnaird College for Women Lahore Pakistan Global Environmental Laboratories La- hore Pakistan

Rapid industrialization and overpopulation have stimulated increase in waste water both domestic and industrial. Due to lack of inefficient sewerage system and absence of treatment plants, the wastewater is discharged into drainage systems causing environmental and health implications. At various points, the wastewater of these drains is used for irrigation purposes. This study characterizes the effluent of major drains of Lahore city and assesses its suitability for irrigation. Wastewater samples were collected from drains in winter and spring seasons and analyzed for various parameters of special concern to irrigation. TSS, oil and grease, BOD, COD, chloride, TDS, sodium, SAR, bicarbonate ions, EC, iron, Copper and Nickel were found to be varied in concentration in different drains when compared with NEQS (National Environment Quality Standards) and FAO guidelines for irrigation in both seasons. Regular monitoring and proper treatment of wastewater before discharging into the drains can reduce the pollution in these drains.

关键词： Industrialization Wastewater Quality Drains Irrigation Winter and Spring Season FAO Guidelines

Fuzzy Framework of Health Risk Assessment of Nitrates in Groundwater

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Applied Mathematics 2018年第6期9卷 586-601页

作者： samia Chiban Adel Awad Ahmad Wazzan Hanan Sheikh-Youssef Higher Institute of Environmental Research Tishreen University Latakia Syria Faculty of Civil Engineering Tishreen University Latakia Syria Environmental Engineering Department of Water Safety Environment Directorate Tartus Syria

This study provides a characterization of potential health risk associated with groundwater Nitrates in Akkar plain in Taturs governorate in Syria. Six villages were chosen for Nitrates analysis in artesian wells. The results show that Nitrates concentrations are above the natural level but still below the level of water potability and measures have to be taken to prevent Nitrates accumulation in groundwater. Comparing Nitrates dose in young children diet with reference dose and calculating the hazard index give the noncarcinogenic risk (Methemoglobinemia). Carcinogenic risk of drinking well waters with Nitrates is calculated in a probabilistic-fuzzy framework. The role of Bacterial contamination of water and its association with Nitrates pollution is discussed and we found that the two pollutants are not correlated in Akkar plain, because Nitrates come principally from fertilizers in this area while fecal coliforms come from landfill leachates and untreated wastewaters. Nitrates and FC play associated roles in gastro-intestinal disturbance and Methemoglobinemia.

关键词： Drinking Water Methemoglobinemia Carcinogenic Risk Fuzzy Logic Probability Artesian Wells Fecal Coliforms Pollution Potability

An Alternative Model to Radon Transform for Gamma Ray Emission Tomography

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Advances in Molecular Imaging 2017年第2期7卷 13-47页

作者： Christian Jeanguillaume Richard Simonnet Christine Cavaro-Menard Abdelha Douiri Ines bouali Jean Jacques Loeb LARIS Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingenierie des Systemes Universite d’Angers Angers France Direction Generale de l’Armement Techniques Terrestres Bourges France King College London London United Kingdom LAREMA Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Mathematiques Universite d’Angers Angers France

The Radon transform fits badly Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT). However, Thin Holes Collimator (THC) and Radon model are widely used. The CACAO project has been proposed to enhance the quality of SPECT images. CACAO is a short hand notation for computer aided collimation tomography. The main idea of this project is to use collimators with much larger holes to increase the sensitivity, and slightly longer holes to increase the spatial resolution. The acquisition sequence includes a translation. The Radon projection is replaced by a 2D sum. A dedicated reconstruction algorithm has been developed. If the physical advantage of the project in terms of sensitivity and spatial resolution is generally admitted, a question remains unanswered: Would the ill-posedness of the inverse problem ruin the quality of the reconstructed images? In this article, a representation of the 2D direct problem matrix is derived. This allows us to compare the two inverse problems (CACAO versus THC). The condition number was used for this comparison. We studied the variation of these condition numbers with several parameters. For a proper set of parameters, the CACAO inverse problem may appear easier to solve and more accurately than the THC one.

关键词： Radon Transform Tomography SPECT Large and Long Hole Collimators Inverse Problems