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Mathematics of a single-locus model for assessing the impacts of pyrethroid resistance and temperature on population abundance of malaria mosquitoes

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第3期7卷 277-316页

作者： samantha j.Brozak jemal Mohammed-Awel Abba B.Gumel School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA Department of Mathematics Morgan State UniversityBaltimoreMD21251USA Department of Applied Mathematics University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of PretoriaPretoria0002South Africa

This study presents a genetic-ecology modeling framework for assessing the combined impacts of insecticide resistance,temperature variability,and insecticide-based interventions on the population abundance and control of malaria mosquitoes by *** analyses of the model we developed reveal that the boundary equilibrium with only mosquitoes of homozygous sensitive(resistant)genotype is locally-asymptotically stable whenever a certain ecological threshold,denoted by R^(SS)_(0) eR^(RR)_(0) T,is less than ***,genotype i drives genotype j to extinction whenever R j 0>1 and R i 0j SS or RR,with i s j).The model exhibits the phenomenon of bistability when both thresholds are less than *** such a bistable situation,convergence to any of the two boundary equilibria depends on the initial allele distribution in the state variables of the ***,in this bistable case,where maxfR^(SS)_(0);R^(RR)_(0)gj if R^(i)_(0)j)_(0)1T,the two boundary equilibria lose their stability,and a coexistence equilibrium(where all three mosquito genotypes coexist)becomes locally-asymptotically *** sensitivity analysis shows that the key parameters that greatly influence the dynamics and population abundance of resistant mosquitoes include the proportion of new adult mosquitoes that are females,the insecticide-induced mortality rate of adult female mosquitoes,the coverage level and efficacy of adulticides used in the community,the oviposition rates for eggs of heterozygous and homozygous resistant genotypes,and the modification parameter accounting for the reduction in insecticide-induced mortality due to ***

关键词： Malaria Insecticide resistance Genotype Pyrethroid Equilibria Population genetics

Nicotine from cigarette smoking and diet and Parkinson disease:a review

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2017年第1期6卷 174-180页

作者： Chaoran Ma Yesong Liu samantha Neumann Xiang Gao Department of Nutritional Sciences The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUniversity ParkPAUSA Department of Neurology Kailuan General HospitalTangshanChina Eberly College of Science The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUniversity ParkPAUSA

Evidence from epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between cigarette smoking and low risk of Parkinson disease(PD).As a major component of tobacco smoke,nicotine has been proposed to be a substance for preventing against PD risk,with a key role in regulating striatal activity and behaviors mediated through the dopaminergic *** studies also showed that nicotine could modulate dopamine transmission and reduce levodopa-induced ***,previous clinical trials yield controversial results regarding nicotine *** this review,we updated epidemiological,preclinical and clinical data,and studies on nicotine from *** also reviewed interactions between genetic factors and cigarette *** a small amount of nicotine can saturate a substantial portion of nicotine receptors in the brain,nicotine from other sources,such as diet,could be a promising therapeutic substance for protection against PD.

关键词： Nicotine Smoking Diet Gene-environment interactions Parkinson disease

Does orthotics use improve comfort,speed and injury rate during running?Preliminary analysis of a randomised control trial

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World journal of Orthopedics 2022年第7期13卷 652-661页

作者： Alice E Fortune jonathan M G Sims samantha j Rhodes George Ampat School of Medicine University of LiverpoolLiverpool L693GEUnited Kingdom Research Unit Talita Cumi LtdSouthport PR83NSUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the effectiveness of using orthotics in improving comfort,increasing running speed and helping to reduce injury rate during running is limited and *** the increasing popularity of running is the increasing rate of running-related injuries(RRIs).Further research into whether orthotics could be used to help reduce RRIs would be highly beneficial for those ***,there is a need to clarify whether orthotics use increases comfort during running and helps improve running *** To investigate whether running with Aetrex Orthotics improves comfort and performance and reduces injury whilst *** Runners were recruited on a voluntary basis if they were 18 or older with no serious health conditions,ongoing foot pain or deformity,previous foot surgery in their lifetime or any surgery in the past 6 *** were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control *** participants were asked to complete runs and provide quantitative data regarding comfort during running,running time and distance,and any RRIs over an 8-wk study *** in the intervention group ran with Aetrex L700 Speed Orthotics,whilst participants in the control group ran without *** than the addition of orthotics for participants in the intervention group,all participants were asked to run as they usually *** report presents preliminary data from the first 47 participants recruited for this *** speed was calculated from running distance and time and given in miles per *** each outcome variable,the mean for each group,effect size and 95%confidence interval were calculated,and a t-test was performed to determine if between-group differences were statistically *** Data for all three primary outcomes was provided from a total of 254 runs by the 23 participants in the intervention group and a total of 289 runs by the 24 participants in the control ***

关键词： Running Foot orthoses Running related injuries Pain Patient comfort Athletic performance

Cancer stem-like cells in Epstein-Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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Chinese journal of Cancer 2014年第11期33卷 529-538页

作者： samantha Wei-Man Lun Siu-Tim Cheung Kwok-Wai Lo Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South ChinaPrince of Wales Hospital Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Although the Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) has spread to all populations in the world, EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is prevalent only in South China and Southeast Asia. The role of EBV in the malignant transformation of nasopharyngeal epithelium is the main focus of current researches. Radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy have been successful in treating early stage NPC, but the recurrence rates remain high. Unfortunately, local relapse and metastasis are commonly unresponsive to conventional treatments. These recurrent and metastatic lesions are believed to arise from residual or surviving cells that have the properties of cancer stem cells. These cancer stem-like cells(CSCs) have the ability to selfrenew, differentiate, and sustain propagation. They are also chemo-resistant and can form spheres in anchorage-independent environments. This review summarizes recent researches on the CSCs in EBVassociated NPC, including the findings regarding cell surface markers, stem cell-related transcription factors, and various signaling pathways. In particular, the review focuses on the roles of EBV latent genes [latent membrane protein 1(LMP1) and latent membrane protein 2A(LMP2A)], cellular microRNAs, and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-binding cassette chemodrug transporters in contributing to the properties of CSCs, including the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem-like transition, and chemo-resistance. Novel therapeutics that enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy and inhibitors that suppress the properties of CSCs are also discussed.

关键词：肿瘤干细胞 EB病毒鼻咽癌潜伏膜蛋白1 上皮细胞东南亚地区三磷酸腺苷 EBV

Dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic in India and Pakistan: A metapopulation modelling approach

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 1173-1201页

作者： samantha j.Brozak Binod Pant Salman Safdar Abba B.Gumel School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of PretoriaPretoria0002South Africa

India has been the latest global epicenter for COVID-19,a novel coronavirus disease that emerged in China in late *** present a base mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in India and its neighbor,*** base model was rigorously analyzed and parameterized using cumulative COVID-19 mortality data from each of the two *** model was used to assess the population-level impact of the control and mitigation strategies implemented in the two countries(notably non-pharmaceutical interventions).Numerical simulations of the basic model indicate that,based on the current baseline levels of the control and mitigation strategies implemented,the pandemic trajectory in India is on a downward *** downward trend will be reversed,and India will be recording mild outbreaks,if the control and mitigation strategies are relaxed from their current *** early September 2021,our simulations suggest that India could record up to 460,000 cumulative deaths under baseline levels of the implemented control strategies,while Pakistan(where the pandemic is comparatively milder)could see over 24,000 cumulative deaths at current mitigation *** basic model was extended to assess the impact of back-and-forth mobility between the two *** of the resulting metapopulation model show that the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan increases with increasing values of the average time residents of India spend in Pakistan,with daily mortality in Pakistan peaking in mid-August to mid-September of *** the respective baseline control scenarios,our simulations show that the backand-forth mobility between India and Pakistan could delay the time-to-elimination of the COVID-19 pandemic in India and Pakistan to November 2022 and july 2022,respectively.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs) Metapopulation model Residence-time Reproduction number

Biofumigation: An alternative strategy for the control of plant parasitic nematodes

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journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第7期19卷 1680-1690页

作者： Rebecca jean Barnes BRENNAN samantha GLAZE-CORCORAN Robert WICK Masoud HASHEMI University of Massachusetts Amherst Cranberry Station East WarehamMassachusetts 02538USA Stockbridge School of Agriculture University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA

Plant-parasitic nematodes wreak havoc on the yield and quality of crops *** from these pests is estimated to exceed US$100 bllion annually but is likely higher due to *** damage may be catastrophic,but historically the solution has been damaging as *** of the synthetic nematicide methyl bromide(MBr)poses risks to the environment and to human ***,the use of plant material and naturally produced compounds to control pests,is an increasingly feasible method of pest *** process acts through the growth or incorporation of plant material into the soil,that,over the course of its degradation,releases glucosinolates that break down into nematotoxic *** secondary plant metabolites exist naturally in commonly grown plants,most of which belong to the Brassicaceae *** endeavors have increasingly explored the potential of *** reaction of target pests,the selection of biofumigant,and ideal environments for efficacy continue to be *** review seeks to provide a cost and benefit assessment of the status of biofumigation for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes as an alternative to conventional methyl bromide usage.

关键词： biofumigation plant-parasitic nematode Brassicaceae isothiocyanate methyl bromide

Advantages of using the CRISPR/Cas9 system of genome editing to investigate male reproductive mechanisms using mouse models

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Asian journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 623-627页

作者： samantha AM Young R john Aitken Masahito Ikawa Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science Discipline of Biological Sciences Faculty of Scienceand IT University of Newcastle Callaghan NSWAustralia Animal Resource Centre for InfectiousDiseases Research Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka University Suita Osaka Japan.Correspondence: Prof. M Ikawa

Gene disruption technology has long been beneficial for the study of male reproductive biology. However, because of the time and cost involved, this technology was not a viable method except in specialist laboratories. The advent of the CRISPR/Cas9 system ofgene disruption has ushered in a new era of genetic investigation. Now, it is possible to generate gene-disrupted mouse models in very tittle time and at very little cost. 1his Highlight article discusses the application of this technology to study the genetics of male fertility and looks at some of the future uses of this system that could be used to reveal the essential and nonessential genetic components of male reproductive mechanisms.

关键词： Advantages investigate mechanisms

Environment as the Stage for Economic Actors

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Chinese journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2007年第1期5卷 3-8页

作者： john E Coulter Shi Lei samantha jenkins Suite 605 Silver Tower No. 2 Dong San Huan Bei Road Chaoyang Beijing 100027 China SEPA Key Laboratory on Eco-industry Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Technology Mathematics and CS University West Trollhatten SE 461 29 Sweden

The relative importance of economics and environment in debate may soon be reversed due to the influence of three fac- tors. Firstly, in the global economy it is hard to hide the unwanted products of economic processes. Secondly, huge advances in sci- ence will reduce the imperfect knowledge of markets, making some monitoring and analyzing tools show the design of sensible and equitable livelihood in communities, which is more important than the motivation of maximising profits for some individuals or firms. Thirdly, China, as the last major player on the planet to take on economic growth, comes from traditions fundamentally differ- ent from those economies that have experienced the Industrial Revolution previously. Its challenges with sustainability and en- vironmental conservation predate Western economics by millennia, and it is implementing policies domestically and starting to work on the world stage that acknowledges that the surroundings are the host for any economic and socio-political system.

关键词： economics market entropy China

Enoxaparin dosing errors in the emergency department

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World journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第3期9卷 195-202页

作者： samantha P.jellinek-Cohen May Li Gregg Husk College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences St.John's University The David B.Kriser Department of Emergency Medicine Mount Sinai Beth Israel

BACKGROUND:The study aimed to determine the frequency of enoxaparin dosing errors for patients who had a measured emergency department(ED)weight compared to those who did not have a measured ED weight,and to determine if demographic variables(e.g.,weight,height,age,Englishspeaking,race)impact the likelihood of receiving an inappropriate ***:This is a retrospective,electronic chart review of patients who received a dose of enoxaparin in the ED between january 1,2008 and july 1,*** identified all patients>18 years who received a dose of enoxaparin while in the ED,were admitted,and had at least one inpatient weight within the first four days of *** were excluded if they received enoxaparin for prophylaxis or a dose of more than 1.25mg/***:A total of 1,944 patients were *** were more likely to experience an error if they did not have a measured ED ***-doses of>10mg were more likely to occur in patients without a measured ED *** with no documented ED weight or with a staffestimated ED weight were more likely to experience a dosing error than those with a patient-stated *** were more likely to experience an error if their first inpatient weight was more than 96kg,they were more than 175-cm tall,or were English ***:Dosing errors are more likely to occur when patients are not weighed in the *** to current workflows to incorporate weighing those patients who receive weightdosed medications may be warranted.

关键词： Enoxaparin Weight-based dosing Emergency department Dosing errors