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Piling up multidecker pyrgos[n]cages as antibacterial materials

Science China Materials 2025年第01期 314-316页

作者： Miguel A.Liuzzi-Vaamonde Jackson B.Lancaster samantha a.mason Yuanning Feng Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Oklahoma

The development of antibiotics is regarded as one of the most significant scientific advances in modern medicine. Before the commercialization of antibiotics, infectious diseases were catastrophic throughout history [1]. Penicillin was used to treat serious infections in the 1940s, but unfortunately, with the introduction of antibiotics came the emergence of antibiotic resistance [2,3]. Evolved and adapted methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are presently impacting community and healthcare systems across the globe [4].

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Could diffuse coevolution explain the generic eggshell color of the brown-headed cowbird?

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Current Zoology 2021年第6期67卷 645-652页

作者： Daniel HANLEY Beheshteh MOGHADDAME-JAFARI samantha L.RUTLEDGE Department of Biology George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA Department of Biology Mansfield University of PennsylvaniaMansfieldPA 16933USA Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA

The brown-headed cowbird(hereafter cowbird)is an avian brood parasite that produces an egg dissimilar to those produced by the majority of its diverse host *** cowbird’s generic egg may result from a Jack-of-all-trades strategy;however,the evolutionary mechanisms that select for their generic eggs are *** we propose that the cowbird’s eggshell phenotypes have evolved via diffuse coevolution,which results from community-level selective pressures,rather than via pairwise coevolution that occurs between a particular host species and its brood *** diffuse coevolution the cowbird’s host community,with varying eggshell phenotypes and recognition abilities,would select for a cowbird eggshell phenotype intermediate to those of its host *** selection is exerted by hosts that reject cowbird eggs,rather than those that accept them;therefore,we expect cowbird eggshell colors can be approximated by both the phenotypes and rejection abilities of their host *** we use eggshell reflectance data from 43 host species to demonstrate that the cowbird eggshell phenotypes are reasonably predicted(within 2 just noticeable differences)by the eggshell phenotypes and rejection rates of their *** findings suggest that cowbird eggshell phenotypes,and potentially those of other some generalist parasites,may evolve via diffuse ***,this research provides insight into the underlying evolutionary processes that explain observed phenotypic variation and provides a framework for studying selection on both specialist and generalist parasites’traits.

关键词： cowbird diffuse coevolution egg rejection

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