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Calcium/calcimimetic via calcium-sensing receptor ameliorates cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea in mice

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期30卷 268-279页

作者： Lie-Qi Tang Johnathan Fraebel Shi Jin Steven P Winesett Jane Harrell Wen-Han Chang sam xianjun cheng Department of Pediatrics University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States College of Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States Brain Rehabilitation Research Center Malcom Randall VA Medical CenterGainesvilleFL 32610United States Department of Medicine Endocrine Research UnitVeterans Affairs Medical CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94121United States Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionUniversity of Florida Shands Children’s HospitalGainesvilleFL 32608United States

BACKGROUND Enterotoxins produce diarrhea through direct epithelial action and indirectly by activating the enteric nervous ***-sensing receptor(CaSR)inhibits both *** latter has been well documented in vitro but not in *** hypothesis to be tested was that activating CaSR inhibits diarrhea in *** To determine whether CaSR agonists ameliorate secretory diarrhea evoked by cholera toxin(CTX)in *** CTX was given orally to C57BL/6 mice to induce *** and calci-mimetic R568 were used to activate *** maximize their local intestinal actions,calcium was administered luminally via oral rehydration solution(ORS),whereas R568 was applied serosally using an intraperitoneal *** verify that their actions resulted from the intestine,effects were also examined on Cre-lox intestine-specific CaSR *** outcome was measured biochemically by monitoring changes in fecal Cl-or clinically by assessing stool consistency and weight *** CTX induced secretory diarrhea,as evidenced by increases in fecal Cl-,stool consistency,and weight loss following CTX exposure,but did not alter CaSR,neither in content nor in ***,calcium and R568 were each able to ameliorate diarrhea when applied to diseased *** CaSR involvement is suggested by gene knockout experiments where the anti-diarrheal actions of R568 were lost in intestinal epithelial CaSR knockouts(villinCre/Casrflox/flox)and neuronal CaSR knockouts(nestinCre/Casrflox/flox).CONCLUSION Treatment of acute secretory diarrheas remains a global *** advances in diarrhea research,few have been made in the realm of diarrhea *** therapy has remained the standard of care,although it does not halt the losses of intestinal fluid and ions caused by *** is no cost-effective therapeutic for *** and other studies suggest that adding calcium to ORS or using calcimimetics to activate intestinal CaSR might

关键词： Cholera Enteric nervous system Secretory diarrhea Oral rehydration solution Calcium-sensing receptor Gene knockout

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Calcium-sensing receptor: A new target for therapy of diarrhea

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第9期22卷 2711-2724页

作者： sam xianjun cheng Department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Florida

Management of acute diarrhea remains a global challenge, particularly in resource-limiting countries. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), a passive rehydrating therapy developed approximately 40 years ago, remains the mainstay treatment. Although ORS is effective for hydration, since it does not inhibit enterotoxin-mediated excessive secretion, reduced absorption and compromised barrier function - the primary mechanisms of diarrhea, ORS does not offer a rapid relief of diarrhea symptom. There are a few alternative therapies available, yet the use of these drugs is limited by their expense, lack of availability and/or safety concerns. Novel anti-diarrheal therapeutic approaches, particularly those simple affordable therapies, are needed. This article explores intestinal calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a newly uncovered target for therapy of diarrhea. Unlike others, targeting this host antidiarrheal receptor system appears “all-inclusive”: it is anti-secretory, pro-absorptive, anti-motility, and anti-inflammatory. Thus, activating CaSR reverses changes of both secretory and inflammatory diarrheas. Considering its unique property of using simple nutrients such as calcium, polyamines, and certain amino acids/oligopeptides as activators, it is possible that through targeting of CaSR with a combination of specific nutrients, novel oral rehydrating solutions that are inexpensive and practical to use in all countries may be developed.

关键词： Secretory diarrhea Inflammatory diarrhea Oral rehydration solution Anti-secretory Pro-absorptive Intestinal permeability Intestinal barrier function Enteric nervous system Cholera toxin Escherichia coli heat stable toxin

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Very early onset perinatal constipation:Can it be cow’s milk protein allergy?

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世界胃肠病学杂志:英文版 2023年第33期29卷 4920-4926页

作者： Rajalakshmy Arakoni Hebat Kamal sam xianjun cheng Department of Pediatrics University of Florida Shands Children's HospitalGainesvilleFL 32608United States Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionUniversity of Florida Shands Children's HospitalGainesvilleFL 32608United States

Delayed passage of meconium or constipation during the perinatal period is traditionally regarded as a signal to initiate further work up to evaluate for serious diagnoses such as Hirschsprung’s disease(HD),meconium ileus due to Cystic Fibrosis,*** diagnosis of HD particularly warrants invasive testing to confirm the diagnosis,such as anorectal manometry or rectal suction *** if there was another etiology of perinatal constipation,that is far lesser known?Cow’s milk protein allergy(CMPA)is often diagnosed in infants within the first few weeks of life,however,there are studies that show that the CMPA allergen can be passed from mother to an infant in-utero,therefore allowing symptoms to show as early as day one of *** presentation is more atypical,with perinatal constipation rather than with bloody stools,diarrhea,and *** diagnosis and management would be avoidance of cow's milk protein within the diet,with results and symptom improvement in patients ***,we discuss whether an alternative pathway to address perinatal constipation should be further discussed and implemented to potentially avoid invasive techniques in *** entails first ruling out CMPA with safe,noninvasive techniques with diet modification,and if unsuccessful,then moving forward with further diagnostic modalities.

关键词： Delayed passage of meconium Perinatal constipation Cow's milk protein allergy In-utero Alternate pathway Hirschsprung’s disease

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Gastric electrical stimulation: An emerging therapy for children with intractable gastroparesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第48期25卷 6880-6889页

作者： Aniruddh Setya Priyanka Nair sam xianjun cheng Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Florida

Management of gastroparesis remains challenging,particularly in pediatric *** care and pharmacological therapies for symptoms remain the mainstay *** they are effective for mild and some moderately severe cases,often time they do not work for severe *** are a few prokinetics available,yet the use of these drugs is limited by a lack of persistent efficacy and/or safety ***,the only modality for adult patients with severe intractable gastroparesis is surgery,e.g.,pyloroplasty and partial gastrectomy,however,this option is generally considered too radical for a growing *** therapeutic approaches,particularly those which are less invasive,are *** article explores gastric electrical stimulation(GES),a new therapy for *** others,it neither needs medications nor gastrectomy;rather,it treats through the use of microelectrodes to deliver high-frequency low energy electric stimulation to the pacemaker area of the ***,it is tolerated and safe in *** in adult patients,GES appears to work in releasing symptoms,improving nutrition,and enhancing the quality of life;it also helps wean off medications and eliminate many needs for *** the transient nature of gastroparesis in children in many occasions,GES is considered a“bridging”therapy after failed medical interventions and before surgery.

关键词： Gastroparesis Gastric electrical stimulation Nausea Vomiting Prokinetics

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Gambogenic acid induces apoptosis via upregulation of Noxa in oral squamous cell carcinoma

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2024年第7期22卷 632-642页

作者： cheng Xinran FENG Mengyuan ZHANG Anjie GUO Jian GONG Yunlai HU Xiaohui HAN Quanbin LI Shengbao YU xianjun Department of Gastroenterology Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000China Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences&Biomedical Research InstituteHubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine ResearchSchool of PharmacyHubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000China Inflammation-Cancer Transformation and Wudang Chinese Medicine Research Hubei Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration BaseHubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000China School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Gambogenic acid(GNA),a bioactive compound derived from the resin of Garcinia hanburyi,has demonstrated significant antitumor ***,its mechanisms of action in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)remain largely *** study aimed to elucidate the apoptotic effects of GNA on OSCC cell lines CAL-27 and *** results indicated that GNA induced apoptosis by upregulating the pro-apoptotic protein *** investigations revealed that GNA treatment led to the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),which activated endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress,culminating in cell *** of ROS production and ER stress pathways significantly mitigated GNA-induced Noxa upregulation and subsequent ***,in vivo studies using a murine xenograft model demonstrated that GNA administration effectively inhibited the growth of CAL-27 ***,these findings underscore GNA’s potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of OSCC.

关键词： Oral squamous cell carcinoma Gambogenic acid Apoptosis Noxa ROS/ER stress

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A weak allele of TGW5 enables greater seed propagation and efficient size-based seed sorting for hybrid rice production

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Plant Communications 2024年第4期5卷 137-140页

作者： Jiezheng Ying Yaobing Qin Fengyong Zhang Liu Duan Peng cheng Man Yin Yifeng Wang Xiaohong Tong Jie Huang Zhiyong Li xianjun Song Jian Zhang State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 311400China State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhan 430062China Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology Institute of Botanythe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China These authors contributed equally to this article

Dear Editors,Heterosis utilization is an effective way to improve crop *** rice typically out-yield inbred rice varieties by 10%and show better stress resistance,and they have been widely adopted in Asian countries since the 1980s(cheng et al.,2007).To produce rice F1 hybrid seeds(HSDs),male sterile lines(MSLs)are grown side by side with restorer lines(RLs)in order to receive the RL *** seed production system faces challenges in maintaining the seed purity of the HSDs owing to the physical proximity of MSL and RL plants in the ***,MSLs and RLs are planted in alternate rows to enable physical separation of seeds during harvesting.

关键词： planted sterile enable

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2024版NCCN指南中胰腺癌外科治疗部分解读

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中华外科杂志 2024年第7期62卷 659-664页

作者：马明剑程合陈榆升刘辰虞先濬复旦大学附属肿瘤医院胰腺外科复旦大学上海医学院肿瘤学系上海市胰腺肿瘤研究所复旦大学胰腺肿瘤研究所上海200032

胰腺癌是消化系统恶性程度较高的肿瘤,根治性手术是目前唯一可能治愈胰腺癌的手段。近十年来,胰腺外科发展迅速,各类新技术、新理念不断涌现,其中以微创技术的运用和新辅助治疗理念的普及最为引人注目;同时,胰腺癌的外科治疗仍有很长的... 详细信息

胰腺癌是消化系统恶性程度较高的肿瘤,根治性手术是目前唯一可能治愈胰腺癌的手段。近十年来,胰腺外科发展迅速,各类新技术、新理念不断涌现,其中以微创技术的运用和新辅助治疗理念的普及最为引人注目;同时,胰腺癌的外科治疗仍有很长的道路要走,许多问题亟待解决。本文对2024版NCCN指南中胰腺癌外科治疗部分进行介绍,重点解读微创入路和开腹手术治疗、扩大淋巴结清扫、联合血管切除重建、胰颈癌的手术治疗和新辅助治疗这几方面,同时对其中尚未解决的问题做简要讨论。

关键词：胰腺肿瘤外科手术微创入路手术新辅助治疗

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环保绝缘介质C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体密度在线监测研究

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高压电器 2024年第9期60卷 141-147页

作者：谢成邵先军丁五行王鑫国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院杭州310014 泰普联合科技开发(北京)有限公司北京100096

C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合绝缘气体的密度是决定其绝缘性能的重要因素,因此对C_(4)F_(7)N混合气体密度的实时监测尤为重要。C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体的温度—压力特性是研究其密度监测和校验的基础。因此,文中主要研究了不同混合比例C_... 详细信息

C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合绝缘气体的密度是决定其绝缘性能的重要因素,因此对C_(4)F_(7)N混合气体密度的实时监测尤为重要。C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体的温度—压力特性是研究其密度监测和校验的基础。因此,文中主要研究了不同混合比例C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)气体在0.12 MPa密度下的温度—压力特性,并与理想气体状态方程和SF_(6)气体状态方程的理论计算结果进行比较,误差均在±1%以内。实验证明,在0.12 MPa的低密度下,不同混合比例的C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)气体特性近似符合理想气体状态方程。在对密度检测精度要求不高的场合,可以安装传统的SF_(6)气体密度继电器进行C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体密度监测。根据C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体的温度—压力特性,可以研制C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体密度在线监测装置及其校验仪器。

关键词： C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体温度—压力特性密度在线监测

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导电复合材料涂覆式全织物基柔性压阻传感器制备

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纺织学报 2024年第10期45卷 152-160页

作者：肖渊童垚胡呈安武贤军杨磊鹏西安工程大学机电工程学院陕西西安710048 西安市现代智能纺织装备重点实验室陕西西安710048

针对目前织物基柔性压阻传感器制备工艺相对复杂、导电材料与织物结合度有限等问题,提出以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)-多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)/炭黑(CB)为导电复合材料涂覆非织造布制备压敏层,采用微滴喷射技术在织物表面直接成形叉指型金属电... 详细信息

针对目前织物基柔性压阻传感器制备工艺相对复杂、导电材料与织物结合度有限等问题,提出以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)-多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)/炭黑(CB)为导电复合材料涂覆非织造布制备压敏层,采用微滴喷射技术在织物表面直接成形叉指型金属电极,制备织物基柔性压阻传感器的方法。当CB与MWCNTs质量比为3∶2时,对不同MWCNTs填充量下导电复合材料形态及制备的压敏层微观形貌观察,并研究其对传感器灵敏度的影响,最后对制得传感器的性能及应用进行测试。结果表明:导电材料在PDMS中分散均匀,导电复合材料与织物结合紧密;当MWCNTs质量分数为2.5%时,所制传感器灵敏度最高可达0.353 kPa^(-1),检测范围为0~25 kPa,响应/恢复时间为150/200 ms,最低检测限约为49 Pa,具有良好的重复稳定性(约1 600次)。此外,该传感器可识别出手指按压以及手指和腕部弯曲的压力信号,可应用于人体健康、运动等信号监测。

关键词：柔性压力传感器棉织物非织造布导电复合材料涂覆法银电极

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C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体湿度检测技术研究

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高压电器 2024年第9期60卷 148-154页

作者：谢成邵先军张伟王鑫丁五行何毅帆国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院杭州310014 安阳优创实业有限责任公司河南安阳455000 泰普联合科技开发(北京)有限公司北京100096

电气设备中C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合绝缘气体的湿度水平影响气体的绝缘性能,定期检测湿度是日常运维工作之一。文中研究采用变电站日常运维中常规的冷镜式露点仪和阻容式湿度计对不同湿度的C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合绝缘气体进行检测,实验... 详细信息

电气设备中C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合绝缘气体的湿度水平影响气体的绝缘性能,定期检测湿度是日常运维工作之一。文中研究采用变电站日常运维中常规的冷镜式露点仪和阻容式湿度计对不同湿度的C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合绝缘气体进行检测,实验表明上述常规湿度检测仪器均不能直接应用于C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体的湿度检测。文中将上述冷镜式露点仪进行技术改造后,采用标准湿度的C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体对其进行准确度实验,结果表明,改造后的冷镜式露点仪的露点测量误差不超过±0.2℃,且在C_(4)F_(7)N比例不超过12%时可准确检测不低于150μL/L的湿度,满足C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体电气设备的运维要求。上述阻容式湿度计经过C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体湿度发生器重新标定后也可用于C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体的湿度检测,露点测量误差不超过±2.0℃。

关键词： C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体湿度检测冷镜式露点仪制冷温度控制

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