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苹果、蜜蜂与合同:正溢出效应下的科斯-张定理

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世界经济文汇 2002年第6期 3-13页

作者： Joakim johansson James Roumasset 吴桂英 the Swedish Institute for Transport and Communications Analysis(SIKA) 夏维夷大学经济学系

本文通过经济的“核”分析,以形式化的方式研究了科斯-张定理。特别地, 本文说明了在某些条件下,德布鲁-斯卡夫的核收缩定理可应用于有正生产溢出效应的经济中。

关键词：苹果蜜蜂合同正溢出效应科斯-张定理理论研究

Interactions between the Phase Stress and the Grain-Orientation-Dependent Stress in Duplex Stainless Steel during Deformation

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Interactions between the Phase Stress and the Grain-Orientat...

Cost Accounting, Ethical Accountability, and Accounting Principles

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作者： S．johansson Department of Mechanical Engineering Linkping University S-58183 Linkping Sweden

＜正＞The development of phase stress and grain-orientation-dependent stress under uniaxial compression was investigated in a duplex stainless steel consisting of austenite and ferrite. By in-situ neutron diffraction measurement, the strain response of several hkl planes to the applied compressive stress was mapped as a function of applied stress and sample

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2014年第1期10卷 20-31页

作者： Hossein Pashang Urban Osterlund Kjell johansson University of Boras Boras Sweden

This essay explains why cost accounting, ethical accountability, and accounting principles are interrelated concepts. During the past two decades, the relationship between accounting systems and discharge of accountability has increasingly drawn the attention of researchers. However, researchers have shown a marginal interest in the inclusion and examination of the theme of cost accounting, and in particular, no interest has been oriented to explore the potential role of cost accounting in serving presentation of the trustful cost information as regards the discharge of accountability. In this essay, we will reason that the traditional discourse of cost accounting is fundamentally different from the managerial discourse of cost accounting. The traditional cost accounting is built upon the ethical, legal, professional, and principle-based discourses. By exploring the differences between the two cost accounting discourses, this essay will reduce the effect of current skeptical views with which quality of our academic education, relevance of our research, and our understanding of the potential role of cost accounting in serving the provision and presentation of trustful information have been seriously undermined.

关键词： accountability deficit principle of invested cost ethical accountability

The Behavioral Consequences of Parents Presumed Media Influence on Restrictive Mediation and Co-viewing/Using Media

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Journalism and Mass Communication 2013年第7期3卷 452-463页

作者： Gabriella Sandstig, Bengt johansson Karin Ringsberg University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Nordic School of Public Health Gothenburg Sweden

This study aims to fertilize research on parental mediation with the importance of parents＇ media attitudes in terms of parental third-person effects and its varieties. The explanatory power of these perceptions on behavioral consequences as types of parental mediation is analyzed with control for previously known factors. Data from a cross-sectional population survey in Sweden 2011 covered a representative sample of children, aged 2-17 years in total 1461. The results show that the parental second-person perceptions explain （i.e., general belief in media effects） more than parental third-person perceptions. Parental second-person perceptions together with the age of the child explain most of the restrictive mediation and the effects of parental second-person perceptions on restrictive mediation increase with the parents lesser control of the media type.

关键词： parental third-person effects parental second-person perceptions parental mediation children

Rural High School Students’ Sexual Behavior and Self-Esteem

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第1期5卷 24-35页

作者： Brian Unis Inger johansson Christina Sallstrom Faculty of Health Science and TechnologyDepartment of Health SciencesKarlstad UniversityKarlstadSweden Faculty of Health Care and Nursing Gjoevik University CollegeGjoevikNorway

Background: Negative consequences for sexual health may be caused by risky sexual behavior related to attitudes, norms and self-efficacy regarding sexuality. Research has not resulted in a consensus on the associations between self-esteem and adolescents’ sexual behavior. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe high school students’ sexual behavior and self-esteem, along with investigating the relationship of attitudes, norms, self-efficacy, and self-esteem to sexual risk behavior. Another aim was to describe and compare gender differences in self-esteem and sexual risk behavior in high school students in a rural context. Methodological Design: A cross-sectional design was used. The participants were 139 high school students, 16 to 18 years of age, sample size was decided by power calculation, and systematic randomized sampling was used. The students replied to a questionnaire about self-esteem, factors affecting sexual risk behavior, and sexual behavior. Results: Swedish high school students reported having few sexual partners, a low use of alcohol along with sex, yet a low consistency in condom use. The students reported both high basic self-esteem as well as earned self-esteem. Basic self-esteem was higher for male students while earned self-esteem was higher for female students. Significant correlations were found between self-esteem and some factors affecting sexual risk behavior related to condom use. Conclusion: High school students exhibited positive sexual behaviors and high levels of self-esteem, yet they put themselves at risk by inconsistent use of condoms. Our findings can contribute the need of to an awareness of the role self-esteem, attitudes, norms and self-efficacy plays in adolescents’ sexual behavior. Nurses working at the youth clinics are in a key position to discuss sexual health issues with adolescents to promote healthy outcomes in sexual health.

关键词： Reproductive Health Sexual Behavior Self-Esteem Adolescent Health

Swedish Women’S Emotional Experience of the First Trimester in a New Pregnancy after One or More Miscarriages: A Qualitative Interview Study

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2012年第3期2卷 38-45页

作者： Annsofie Adolfsson Cecilia johansson Emma Nilsson School of Life Sciences University of Skovde Skovde Sweden

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate how Swedish women describe their emotional state of being during the eighth week through the eleventh week after they have become pregnant again after suffering a previous miscarriage. Method: A qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach has been used to analyze fourteen interviews that served as the data base for this study. The content analysis resulted in the development of five categories which evolved into one primary theme. Findings: The five categories identified were Worry and preoccupation;Distance;managing their feelings;Mourning what is lost;Guarded happiness and expectations. These categories were compiled into a main theme, “Worry consumes a lot of energy, but on the other side lies happiness”. This theme focused on whether the women could feel any happiness about being pregnant again despite their concerns with the previous miscarriage. Conclusions: The emotional states of the women when they get pregnant again are typically characterized by anxiety, worry and concerns about their current pregnancy. The women have a tendency to distance themselves emotionally from their pregnancy but also strive to find the joy of being pregnant again. During the new pregnancy they find themselves in need of support from their family and friends as well as in need of support from the healthcare system.

关键词： Miscarriage Pregnancy after Miscarriage Subsequent Pregnancy Women’s Emotional Experiences Worry

Causes of Surgical Delay and Demographic Characteristics in Patients with Hip Fracture

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2013年第4期3卷 193-198页

作者： Sjostrand Desirée Hommel Ami johansson Anders Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University and Skane University HospitalLundSweden Sections of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Department of Clinical SciencesLund University and Skane University HospitalLundSweden

Background: Several studies analyze how surgical delay affects patients with hip fracture. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of surgical delay and demographic characteristics in patients with hip fracture who had delays longer than 24 hours from admission to hospital. Methods: Quantitative retrospective register study of 484 patients was consecutively included during the period November 1, 2010 and October 31, 2011 in the University Hospital in Lund (Sweden). Results: A frequency of 29.4% had a surgical delay longer than 24 hours. The main reasons for delays to surgery were lack of theatre facilities (54%), medical unstable patient (16%) and anticoagulant treatment (10%). Of all patients, 69% (n = 332) were women and 31% (n = 151) were men. The mean age for women were 83.6 (CI 83-85) vs. 79 (CI 77-81) for men, respectively. The most common type of hip fracture was displaced cervical hip fracture (39%, n = 188) with a majority of fractures in male patients. In total, women suffered hip fractures to a greater extent than men (69% vs. 31%, p = 0.016), but no relationship was found with respect to the fracture type and age (p = 0.358). Conclusion: The main result demonstrated that delays longer than 24 hours were due to lack of theatre facilities. Further researches have to be done in order to investigate whether lack of theatre facilities depends on improper operation planning and/or on lack of medical staff.

关键词： Orthopedics Hip Fracture Surgical Delay Register Study

How the Health Care Nurse Supports and Enhances the Child’s Attachment to Their Parents

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2011年第4期2卷 418-428页

作者： Ann-Marie johansson Inga Landahl Annsofie Adolfsson 不详

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide insight into how the Child Healthcare Clinic (BVC) nurse supports and encourages the child’s bonding to their parents during the regularly scheduled checkups at the healthcare clinics. Method: The study was done using a qualitative approach. The data was collected from the interviews of four focus groups which were comprised of a total of eighteen BVC nurses who work solely for the BVC. The resulting data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The following theme emerged from the research material: Empower the parents in order to enable the child to have a healthy connection to the parents. This is accomplished by the BVC nurse building and creating a trusting relationship with the parents and providing support for them in their new roles as parents. The BVC nurses must have comprehensive knowledge about the needs and development of children and they need to have exceptional communication skills as well. It is also mandatory that the BVC nurse have access to cooperation and support from their colleagues and the support of other related professions. Conclusion: Providing support to parents during the bonding period of their infant children is a most important function for BVC nurses because there is much to be determined about children’s development and future possibilities during this formative period.

关键词： Child Health Care Health Care Nurse Support Attachment Trust

High resolution strain mapping of a single axially heterostructured nanowire using scanning X-ray diffraction

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Nano Research 2020年第9期13卷 2460-2468页

作者： Susanna Hammarberg Vilgaile Dagyte Lert Chayanun Megan O.Hill Alexander Wyke Alexander Bjorling Ulf johansson Sebastian Kalbfleisch Magnus Heurlin Lincoln J.Lauhon Magnus T.Borgstrom Jesper Wallentin Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund Lund UniversityBox 118Lund 22100Sweden Solid State Physics and NanoLund Lund UniversityBox 118Lund 22100Sweden Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA MAX IV Laboratory Lund UniversityBox 118Lund 22100Sweden

Axially heterostructured nanowires are a promising platform for next generation electronic and optoelectronic *** based on theoretical modeling have predicted more complex strain distributions and increased critical layer thicknesses than in thin films,due to lateral strain relaxation at the surface,but the understanding of the growth and strain distributions in these complex structures is hampered by the lack of high-resolution characterization ***,we demonstrate strain mapping of an axially segmented GalnP-lnP 190 nm diameter nanowire heterostructure using scanning X-ray *** systematically investigate the strain distribution and lattice tilt in three different segment lengths from 45 to 170 nm,obtaining strain maps with about 10^-4 relative strain *** experiments were performed using the 90 nm diameter nanofocus at the NanoMAX beamline,taking advantage of the high coherent flux from the first diffraction limited storage ring MAX *** experimental results are in good agreement with a full simulation of the experiment based on a three-dimensional(3D)finite element *** largest segments show a complex profile,where the lateral strain relaxation at the surface leads to a dome-shaped strain distribution from the mismatched interfaces,and a change from tensile to compressive strain within a single *** lattice tilt maps show a cross-shaped profile with excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement with the *** contrast,the shortest measured InP segment is almost fully adapted to the surrounding GalnP segments.

关键词： strain mapping nanowire heterostructure X-ray diffraction(XRD) MAX IV finite element modeling