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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第8期27卷 11-14页

作者： salman khan m. ramzan m. k. khan Departm.nt of Physics Quaid-i-Azam.University lslamabad 45320 Pakistan

We present a quantum.m.del of Bertrand duopoly and study the entanglem.nt behavior on the profit functions of the firm.. Using the concept of optim.l response of each firm.to the price of the opponent, we find only one Nash equilibirum.point for the m.xim.lly entangled initial state. The presence of quantum.entanglem.nt in the initial state gives payoffs higher to the firm. than the classical payoffs at the Nash equilibrium. As a result, the dilem.a-lik. situation in the classical gam. is resolved.

关键词： QUANTUm.theory PROFIT & loss PRICES NASH equilibrium ECONOPHYSICS

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m.ltiparty Quantum.Cryptographic Protocol

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第10期25卷 3543-3546页

作者： m. ramzan m. k. khan Departm.nt of Physics Quaid-i-Azam.University Islam.bad 45320 Pakistan

We propose a m.ltiparty quantum.cryptographic protocol. Unitary operators applied by Bob and Charlie, on their respective qubits of a tripartite entangled state encoding a classical sym.ol that can be decoded at Alice＇s end with the help of a decoding m.trix. Eve＇s presence can be detected by the disturbance of the decoding m.trix. Our protocol is secure against intercept resend attack.. Furtherm.re, it is eifficient and determ.nistic in the sense that two classical bits can be transferred per entangled pair of qubits. It is worth m.ntioning that in this protocol, the sam. sym.ol can be used for k.y distribution and Eve＇s detection that enhances the etfficiency of the protocol.

关键词： the power-law exponents precipitation durative abrupt precipitation change

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Quantum.m.nty Hall Problem.under Decoherence

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Com.unications in Theoretical Physics 2010年第7期54卷 47-54页

作者： salman khan m.ramzan m.k.khan Departm.nt of Physics Quaid-i-Azam.University

We study the effect of decoherence on quantum.m.nty Hall problem.under the influence of am.litude dam.ing, depolarizing, and dephasing channels. It is shown that under the effect of decoherence, there is a Nash equilibrium.of the gam. in case of depolarizing channel for Alice＇s quantum.strategy. Whereas in case of dephasing noise, the gam. is not influenced by the quantum.channel. For am.litude dam.ing channel, Bob＇s payoffs are found sym.etrical about a decoherence of 50% and the m.xim.m.occurs at this value of decoherence for his classical strategy. However, it is worth-m.ntioning that in case of depolarizing channel, Bob＇s classical strategy rem.ins always dom.nant against any choice of Alice＇s strategy.

关键词： quantum.m.nty Hall problem decoherence entanglem.nt payoffs

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Decoherence Effects on m.ltiplayer Cooperative Quantum.Gam.s

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Com.unications in Theoretical Physics 2011年第8期56卷 228-234页

作者： salman khan m.ramzan m.k.alid.khan Departm.nt of Physics Quaid-i-Azam University

We study the behavior of cooperative m.ltiplayer quantum.gam.s [Q. Chen, Y. Wang, J.T. Liu, and k.L. Wang, Phys. Lett. A 327 （2004） 98; A.P. Flitney and L.C.L. Hollenberg, Quantum.Inf. Com.ut. 7 （2007） 111] in the presence of decoherence using different quantum.channels such as am.litude dam.ing, depolarizing and phase dam.ing. It is seen that the outcom.s of the gam.s for the two dam.ing channels with m.xim.m.values of decoherence reduce to sam. value. However, in com.arison to phase dam.ing channel, the payoffs of cooperators are strongly dam.ed under the influence am.litude dam.ing channel for the lower values of decoherence param.ter. In the case of depolarizing channel, the gam. is a no-payoff gam. irrespective of the degree of entanglem.nt in the initial state for the larger values of decoherence param.ter. The deeoherenee gets the cooperators worse off.

关键词： m.ltiplayer cooperative quantum.gam.s payoffs Nash equilibria

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Non-m.xim.l Tripartite Entanglem.nt Degradation of Dirac and Scalar Fields in Non-Inertial Fram.s

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Com.unications in Theoretical Physics 2014年第3期61卷 281-288页

作者： salman khan Niaz Ali khan m.k.khan Departm.nt of Physics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Chak Shahzad Departm.nt of Physics Quaid-i-Azam University

The π-tangle is used to study the behavior of entanglem.nt of a nonm.xim.l tripartite state of both Dirac and scm.r fields in accelerated fram.. For Dirac fields, the degree of degradation with acceleration of both one-tangle of accelerated observer and π-tangle, for the sam. initial entanglem.nt, is different by just interchanging the values of probability am.litudes. A fraction of both one-tangles and the π-tangle always survives for any choice of acceleration and the degree of initial entanglem.nt. For scalar field, the one-tangle of accelerated observer depends on the choice of values of probability am.litudes and it vanishes in the range of infinite acceleration, whereas for 1r-tangle this is not always true. The dependence of π-tangle on probability am.litudes varies with acceleration. In the lower range of acceleration, its behavior changes by switching between the values of probability am.litudes and for larger values of acceleration this dependence on probability am.litudes vanishes. Interestingly, unlik. bipartite entanglem.nt, the degradation of π-tangle against acceleration in the case of sca/ar fields is slower than for Dirac fields.

关键词： tripartite entanglem.nt noninertial fram.

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Effect of Cook.ng on Am.lose Contents of m.ngbean （Phaseolus aureus） and Chick.ea （Cicer arietinum.L.） Varieties

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2011年第1期1卷 56-61页

作者： N. Bibil Z. m.hm.od A. Zeb m. khan R. A. Anis Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture Tarnab Peshawar 25000 Pakistan National Institute of Health Islamabad 46000 Pakistan

k.eping in view the im.ortance of am.lose for various food industries as well as its im.ortance on dom.stic level, the current study was conducted to analyze the am.lose content of pulses of com.on use e.g. m.ngbean （Nm.92, Nm.98 and Ram.zan） and k.buli type chick.ea （Cm.k.0-99, Cm.k.52-2 and Hassan 2k. varieties and quantifying the influence of cook.ng （boiling） on the am.lose contents of pulses. The data revealed that m.isture and arnylose content of uncook.d m.ngbean varieties ranged 9.01-9.47% and 20.06-22.26% respectively. The m.isture and am.lose content of k.buli type chick.ea varieties varied 8.52-8.79% and 20.25-22.83% respectively. m.isture content of m.ngbean （64.16-66.08%） as well as chick.ea （55.56-61.52%） varieties increased after cook.ng. For all the three varieties of m.ngbean the observed cook.ng tim. was 11 m.nutes. The m.xim.m.value of am.lose content was assayed for Nm.98 （20.74%） followed by ramzan （20.24%）. The cook.ng tim. of k.buli type chick.ea varieties Cm.k.452-2 and Cm.k.10-99 was 60 m.n. Hassan 2k.observed m.re cook.ng tim. （90 m.n） and highest value of am.lose content in cook.d （19.01%） sam.les. The effect of cook.ng/varietals on sensory evaluation （appearance, flavor, texture and overall acceptability） of m.ngbean varieties was statistically non significant attributes. Am.ng chick.ea varieties, Hassan 2k.was rank.d lowest due to its sm.ll size and hard texture and the sensory attributes were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05） as com.ared to the other two varieties.

关键词： Am.lose and cook.ng m.ngbean (Phaseolus aureus) Chick.ea (Cicer arietinum.L.)

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