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Biochar-compost-based controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer intended for an active microbial community

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 326-343页

作者： Robiul Islam RUBEL Lin WEI salman alanazi Abdulkarim ALDEKHAIL Anne CMCIDREIRA Xufei YANG Sanjita WASTI Samarthya BHAGIA Xianhui ZHAO Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57007USA Tickle College of Engineering University of Tennessee KnoxvilleKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37830USA

Nitrogen(N) fertilizers in agriculture suffer losses by volatilization of N to the air, surface runoff and leaching into the soil, resulting in low N use efficiency(NUE)( 50%) and raising severe environmental pollutions. Controlledrelease nitrogen fertilizers(CRNFs) can control the release of N nutrients to NUE in crop production. Different methods were used to develop new ***, different CRNF technologies are still underdeveloped due to inadequate controlling on N releasing time and/or unsustainable diffusion. The study on the influences of CRNF processing parameters on microbial conditions are lacking when the CRNFs composed of various bio-ingredients such as biochar, composts, and biowaste. The complexity of processing methods, material biodegradability, and other physical properties make current CRNFs of questionable value in agricultural production. This research aims to develop a novel biochar-compost-based controlled-release urea fertilizer(BCRUF) to preserve microbial properties carried by the compost. The BCRUF was synthesized by pelletizing the 50:50(dry, wt/wt) mixture of biochar and compost. BCRUF was loaded with urea and then spray-coated with polylactic acid(PLA). The releasing time of two types of BCRUFs, coated and uncoated with PLA, for 80% of N release in water was up to 6 h at three different temperatures(4, 23, and 40 °C), compared to conventional urea fertilizer and commercial environmentally smart N(ESN) fertilizer. The releasing time of coated BCRUF for 80% N release in soil was up to 192 h(8 days). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) analysis revealed that no new functional groups were found in the release solution, indicating no new chemical hazards generated. The differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)tests also verified that its thermal stability could be up to 160 °C. The microbe populations in the BCRUF pellets were reduced after the pelleting and drying processes in BCRUF fabrication, but a few bacteria can endure in t

关键词： Soil microbial community biochar compost controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer polylactic acid spray coating

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Role of Apoptosis in Microbial Infection

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Open Journal of Apoptosis 2014年第2期3卷 32-38页

作者： Faris Q. Alenzi Ahmed Q. Alotaibi Gdhi M. Almotiri Anwar M. alanazi Faisal M. alanazi Mohammed S. Alenazi Khalaf A. alanazi Mohammed J. Alenzi Shamweel Y. Ahmad Deparment of Medical Laboratory Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences Salman Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj Saudi Arabia Medical College Al-Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Apoptosis plays a central role in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases. Because apoptosis represents a fundamental process in the response to such infections, it may represent a therapeutic target for their treatment. There is thus likely to be future clinical relevance in harnessing our growing knowledge both of apoptotic mechanisms, and their regulation, in the search to achieve modalities for therapeutic benefit. This brief review aims to summarize what we currently know about the role of apoptosis in response to a range of microbial infections (including bacterial and viral).

关键词： Apoptosis Microbial Pathogens Infection Therapy

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The role of eosinophils in asthma

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Health 2013年第2期5卷 339-343页

作者： Faris Q. Alenzi Fahad G. B. alanazi Abdulaziz D. Al-Faim Mohamed W. Al-Rabea Waleed Tamimi Bassel Tarakji Omar Kujan Ali Al-Jabri Richard K. H. Wyse College of Applied Medical Sciences Salman bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj Saudi Arabia College of Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Microbiol & Immunology College of Medicine Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Pathology Al-Farabi Medical College Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmacy Ministry of Health Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Preventive Medicine Ministry of Health Riyadh Saudi Arabia Imperial College of Medicine London UK

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by recurring episodes of reversible airway obstruction, hyper-responsiveness, wheezing, breathlessness and coughing. Clinical diagnosis of asthma is based on the pattern of clinical symptoms and pulmonary fuction tests. Asthma affectes 5% - 10% of the population and the number of worldwide cases is approximately 300 milliones. The incidence of this disease is increasing particulry in western countries [1]. It is the cause of a huge economic burden to national healthcare services. In a minority of cases, asthma is potentially fatal. After a period when fatalities appeared to be increasing [2], in recent years asthma-related mortality has progressively declined due to the develop- ment of specific asthma disease management programs, as well as the extensive use of in- haled corticosteroids [3]. Inflammation of the airways is a central component in asthma. In- flammation is associated with infliltration of the airway wall with eosinophiles and or neutron- philes mast cell degranulation and T cell active- tion. Other pathological features include, sub- basement membrane thickening, loss of epithet- lial cell integrity, goblet cells hyperplasia In- crease in airway smooth muscle mass. Eosino- phils are thought to be vital in the development of airway hyperreactivity, with the eosinophil cationic protein playing a crucial role [4]. The fact that treatment of asthma with corticos-teroids reduces eosinophils numbers and decreases airway reactivity further supports this hypothesis.

关键词： Eosinophils Asthma

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