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Comparative Analysis between Community and Occupants’ Rating Systems for Sustainable Urban Communities (SUC)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第11期13卷 881-894页

作者： Mianda Khattab salah el haggar Ahmed el Gendy Environmental Engineering Program The American University Cairo Egypt

Overpopulation globally is an addressed issue impacting human lives, marine lives, and the surrounding ecosystem;it is adding pressure on the available resources that should be optimized to suit the needs. Yet with improper management of resources and monitoring of daily activities, the environment will be further negatively impacted. With overpopulation higher urbanization rates are noticed with the demand of seeking better health facilities, better education, better jobs and better well-being;this progression is driving more demand into the infrastructure sector to be able to accommodate the growth rates. Hence, the need to having sustainable communities aiming at optimizing the resources used, working towards more feasible, environmentally friendly and cost-effective communities with a better occupant’s experience is in action. Sustainable development goals (SDG) are vital goals developed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 2015 to address and guide through 17 interconnected global goals serving the previously mentioned trend. Out of the 17 goals, Sustainable Cities and Communities (goal #11) and Good Health and Well-Being (goal #3) are the focus of this paper directed towards holding a comparative analysis between the community scale commonly known and mostly used rating system Leadership of Energy and Environmental Design (LEED-Cities and Communities) (USA) versus similar rating systems like Tarsheed-Communities (Egypt) and Estidama-Pearl (UAE) rating systems meeting sustainable development goal #11. Conjointly, another complimenting comparative review of the occupant’s health and wellbeing rating systems, such as Fitwel (USA) and Well (USA) are studied under sustainable development goal #3;however, they are focused on a building scale assessment. Living Community Challenge (LCC, USA) rating system linking community rating system with health & wellbeing credits was first issued in 2006, yet is it not cost effective neither easy to apply acting a

关键词： Sustainable Communities Sustainable Community Rating Systems Occupant’s Health & Well-Being Rating System SDG#3 (Good Health and Well-Being) SDG#11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities)

Formulation of a Net Zero Assessment System for Healthcare Facilities

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第7期11卷 118-135页

作者： Esraa elMitainy salah M. el-haggar School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt

The international efforts to limit climate change are increasing, that during the COP26 convention, reaching Net Zero Greenhouse Gas emissions became part of the global goals for many countries and entities. One of the sectors that holds the responsibility of addressing the impacts of climate change is the healthcare sector, and accordingly, it is also encouraged to take a leading role in maintaining its sustainability and be a role model for the other sectors. Additionally, the buildings sector, through the World Green Building council, has taken the initiative to launch the Net Zero Carbon Buildings Commitment for the sector. Based on these practices, the work presented aims to introduce and formulate an Approaching Net Zero assessment methodology to be integrated as part of the sustainability criteria and rating system for healthcare facilities in developing countries. The methodology planned is based on four different aspects which are: 1) Approaching Net Zero Energy, 2) Approaching Net Zero Wastewater, 3) Approaching Net Zero Solid Waste, and 4) Approaching Net Zero GHG emissions. The facility should have achieved a Green Building certification through any certification body, and then apply for the aspect on which it requires to be assessed. The assessment methodology follows a systematic approach, where a baseline year of normal operation is determined for existing facilities to act as a base of assessment, and normal design practices for new facilities Based on the assessment and proof of performance enhancement, the facility will either be awarded a basic certificate for achieving continuous savings, or additionally be awarded a best performance certificate compared to other facilities in the same category.

关键词： Healthcare Facilities Sustainability Net Zero Concept Water Efficiency Energy Efficiency Cradle-to-Cradle/Waste Reduction GHG Emissions

Comparative Analysis of Building Rating Systems and Occupant Rating Systems

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第4期14卷 285-296页

作者： Rana Al Kady salah el-haggar Ahmed el-Gendy School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt

To begin with, rating systems are a beneficial tool in determining the efficiency of a building’s ability to utilise its resources effectively. In this study, the two elements under comparison are the Building Rating Systems (BRSs) and Occupant Rating Systems (ORSs). The main objective of this paper is to be able to examine the most commonly applied international and national BRS and ORS and, based on that, discover the possibility of developing an integration of both the BRS and ORS into one rating system. Quite simply, a BRS is a method by which buildings are assessed and given a score based on numerous features such as the efficiency of each of the services, total energy consumption, and alternate options of consumption. There are various BRSs that are implemented globally, each with its own set of criteria and specifications. Thus, based on the analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of both types of rating systems, it could be deduced that a well-rounded rating system with all technical and non-technical aspects combined would be beneficial to both the efficiency of the building as well as the building occupants’ health and well-being.

关键词： Building Rating Systems Energy Efficiency Net-Zero Buildings Occupancy Rating Systems Renewable Energy Technologies

Comparison between seismic analysis of twisting and regular 52-story towers considering soil-structure interaction

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第3期23卷 663-675页

作者： Mohamed Naguib Abouelsaad Mohammed Shaaban salah el Bagalaty Mohamed E.el Madawy Structural Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringMansura UniversityMansoura 35511Egypt Faculty of Engineering Delta University for Science and TechnologyGamasa 35712Egypt

A dynamic analysis of both twisting and regular towers is carried out to determine the results of considering soil-structure interaction(SSI)on high-rise *** addition,the difference between the seismic performance of using twisting towers over regular ones is *** twisting tower is a simulation of the Evolution Tower(Moscow).The towers’skeletons consist of RC elements and rest on a reinforced concrete piled-raft *** soil model is considered as multi-layered with the same soil properties as the zone chosen for the analysis(New Mansoura City,Egypt).The only difference between both towers is their shape in *** whole system is modelled and analyzed in a single step as one full 3D model,which is known as the direct approach in *** analyses are carried out using finite-element software(Midas GTS NX).Dynamic output responses due to three records of seismic loads are proposed and presented in some *** on the results,it is concluded that SSI has a considerable effect on the dynamic response of tall buildings mainly because of the foundation flexibility,as it leads to lengthening the vibration period,increasing the story drift and the base shear for both cases.

关键词： soil-structure interaction seismic analysis twisting towers base shear story drift finite element method Midas GTS NX

Sustainable Industrial Community

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第3期8卷 301-318页

作者： Hala Omar salah el-haggar Mechanical Engineering The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt

Nowadays, the style of living that significantly depends on consumption of resources and over consumption patterns, tremendous increase in population, urbanization and industrialization resulted into generation of huge amounts of industrial wastes. Many environmental problems are facing industrial areas, especially in developing countries, due to poor industrial hazardous waste management. In order to reduce the effect of industrial waste on the environment and to reach sustainable development, countries have developed and reinforced several environmental protection laws and regulations. Yet, the waste disposals via incineration and/or landfilling according to cradle-to-grave concept require high capital, high running costs and are seen by industries as a barrier for further industrial development. Most importantly, disposals of waste deplete natural resources causing them to be unsustainable. Hence, various concepts and strategies have been suggested to promote industrial sustainability. The aim of this paper is to present different concepts and practices including Cradle-to-Cradle approach, Cleaner Production, Industrial Ecology, Eco-Industrial Park and Environmentally Balanced Industrial Complex described in literature that help develop a successful sustainable industrial community and reach zero pollution. These concepts are illustrated via case studies. Moreover, this paper tackles the challenges facing industrial areas in Egypt and emphasis on the imperative need for considering sustainable industrial community.

关键词： Industrial Waste Sustainable Industrial Community Cradle-to-Cradle Cleaner Production Eco-Industrial Park Environmentally Balanced Industrial Complex Zero Pollution

Sustainable Guideline for Developing the E-Waste Sector in Egypt

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第8期10卷 1043-1071页

作者： Ahmed Tarek salah el-haggar School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt

The amount of electronic waste generated globally is alarming especially that it is on the rise. The impact of the generated amounts is not only Environmental. The electronic waste sector is unregulated in most developing countries;this results in the informal sector being heavily involved in managing and handling it. Due to the lack of regulations, informal handlers are exposed to hazardous materials that affect both their health and health of the communities living in their proximity. Moreover, the informal sector involves illegal child and women labor under harsh conditions. In addition to the social impact, the lack of regulations leads to missing major economic opportunities associated with developing a recycling industry for the safe handling and material recovery from the generated e-waste volumes. electronic waste may contain up to 60 different materials including precious and rare-earth metals with estimated equivalent economic value of 48 billion Euros. Egypt is one the countries which lack policies and regulations dedicated to e-waste, hence the Egyptian economy is missing the economic potential and job creation opportunities associated with developing the e-waste sector as well as facing major Environmental and health challenges due to the improper handling of the generated amounts. This paper briefly reviews the current situation of e-waste in Egypt. The paper then proposes an adapted guideline for the sustainable management of e-waste in Egypt. The guideline is based on the international regulations and guidelines especially those of countries similar to the Egyptian socioeconomic context. The produced guideline focuses on establishing a collection and recycling framework for e-waste in Egypt with EPR at its center. The guideline also establishes a financing system to help foster the recycling industry in Egypt while fulfilling the three main pillars of sustainability.

关键词： E-Waste E-Waste Management Sustainable Guidelines E-Waste in Egypt

Developing Sustainability Rating System for Healthcare Facilities: Focus on Egypt

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第7期10卷 958-971页

作者： Esraa elMitainy salah M. el-haggar School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt

Healthcare is one of the core operating sectors all over the world with a designated Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being of the international Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), while three other goals addressed the eradication of causes of healthcare problems. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the increase of healthcare expenditure to be $2 - $4 Billion USD by the year 2030 as a result of Climate change. As a developing country, Egypt has a fast-growing healthcare sector, which is a good opportunity to direct the sector towards a more sustainable development scheme to reduce the cost of the service, while maintaining a high service level for the patience and reducing the environmental impacts of operation, which are the pillars of sustainable development. The aim of the work presented is to develop sustainability rating system for new and existing healthcare facilities suitable to the Egyptian context that encourages the facilities to operate more sustainably using the concept of cradle-to-cradle resources management. The rating system developed is based on a points system with the awardable levels of achievement: Bronze, Silver, Gold and Platinum. The points divided among three main categories: Energy, Water and Habitat, and additionally, two general prerequisites are added for the top management commitment towards sustainability and developing an environmental management plan. The system divides the facilities into new and existing, with each type having different awardable points that take into consideration the differences in applicability between the two types of facilities.

关键词： Sustainability Healthcare Rating System Cradle-to-Cradle

Hematobiochemical and histopathological alterations in Nile Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)exposed to ethidium bromide:The protective role of Spirulina platensis

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第1期9卷 93-103页

作者： Sabreen Abdullah Mervat Naguib Alaa el-Din salah el-Din Alaa el-Din H.Sayed Zoology Department Faculty of ScienceAswan UniversityAswan81528Egypt Zoology Department Faculty of ScienceAssuit UniversityAssiut71516Egypt

Ethidium bromide(EtBr)is one of the contaminants recorded in aquatic environments whose effects have been investigated;however,there is still limited knowledge about its *** study examined the potential protective effects of Spirulina platensis(SP)against the effects of EtBr toxicity in the Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)*** were divided to five groups,viz.,a control and four treatment groups of low-dose EtBr(10μg/L),low-dose EtBr with SP(10μg/L EtBr+200 mg/L SP),high-dose EtBr(100μg/L),and high-dose EtBr with SP(100μg/L EtBr+200 mg/L SP);the exposure period was 2 *** and high doses of EtBr induced alterations in some hematological,biochemical,and histopathological *** hepatocytes,degenerated area,vacuolated hepatocytes,pyknotic nuclei,constricted and dilated blood sinusoids,and infiltration of inflammatory cells were *** peroxidation concentration was not significantly different in groups exposed to low doses of EtBr and EtBr with SP,but it was increased in groups exposed to high doses of EtBr and EtBr with SP,compared with the control *** feeding with SP,most histological and histochemical parameters restored to normal ***,SP may possess the ability to preserve the structural integrity of the hepatic and renal membranes.

关键词： Ethidium bromide Spirulina platensis Oreochromis niloticus Liver Lipid peroxidation

Sustainability Assessment for Wastewater Treatment Systems—Case Studies in Egypt

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第2期12卷 90-105页

作者： Yousra M. Zakaria Ahmed el Gendy salah el haggar Construction Engineering Department The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt Mechanical Engineering Department The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt

Low sanitation coverage is a significant problem in Egypt, especially in rural areas. The Rapid Sustainability Screening (RSS) model was developed to assess the sustainability of wastewater treatment systems (WWTS), both planned and existing, and support decision-makers in selecting alternatives. The model considers the three fundamental sustainability dimensions, namely, environmental, social, and economic. In the present paper, the model was successfully tested by evaluating the sustainability performance of three operating rural WWTS in Egypt (Constructed Wetland (CW)-BeniSuef, Constructed Wetland (CW)-Dakahlia, and Activated Sludge (AS)-Gharbia). CW-BeniSuef was the most sustainable system based upon environmental and social considerations with values of 2.50 and 2.71, respectively. On the other hand, CW-Dakahlia is the most economically sustainable system, with a value of 2.25. The highest sustainability overall ranking system was CW-BeniSuef with overall sustainability of 2.81, followed by CW-Dakahlia with a value of 2.18, and the least sustainable technology is AS-Gharbia (1.72). The RSS model can support the decision-makers and operators during the different phases of a wastewater treatment project development (e.g., feasibility, operation). The model has been developed in a user-friendly and straightforward manner. The simplicity of the model may encourage the decision-makers and EIA practitioners to expand the assessment to consider sustainability rather than focusing on one or two aspects only (i.e., environment and society) in isolation of the possible interaction between them.

关键词： Sustainability Assessment Rapid Sustainability Screening Rural Sanitation