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Heat Transfer Enhancement of an Automobile Engine Radiator using ZnO Water Base Nanofluids

Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第4期29卷 1010-1024页

作者： muhammad QASIM muhammad sajid KAMRAN muhammad AMMAR muhammad ALI JAMAL muhammad YASAR JAVAID Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54890Pakistan Department of Chemical Engineering Technology Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan

In this research paper, the forced convective heat transfer enhancement of a Suzuki Mehran(VXR) 2016 radiator(heat exchanger) along with pressure drop and friction factor by utilizing Zinc oxide(Zn O) water based nanofluids has been experimentally studied. Three types of nanofluids with different volumetric concentrations of Zn O nanoparticles(0–0.3%) were employed in order to understand its effect on heat transfer enhancement. The experimental setup was completely designed as closely as possible to the car cooling system. The experimentation has been done under laminar flow conditions(186≤Re≤1127) at different fluid volume flow rates(2–12 L/min) and constant fluid inlet temperature(70°C) to the automobile radiator. A maximum enhancement in heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number was obtained up to 41%, 50% and 31% by using nanofluid with 0.2% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles respectively. On the other hand, the mean enhancement in pressure drop and friction factor was obtained up to 47% and 46% by using nanofluid with the same volumetric concentration of nanoparticles i.e. 0.2% respectively. The experimental results also revealed that the heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of nanofluids increases by increasing the volume flow rates and volumetric concentration of nanoparticles. However, these thermal performance parameters of nanofluids started to decline when the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles was increased from 0.2% to 0.3%. Furthermore, pressure drop and friction factor of nanofluids increase by increasing the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles, while pressure drop increases and friction factor decreases by increasing the volume flow rate of nanofluids respectively. At the end, the thermal efficiency of automobile radiator with high cooling rates was obtained by using nanofluid with 0.2% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles.

关键词： ZnO nanoparticles heat transfer enhancement thermal efficiency automobile radiator

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One-dimensional quantum walks with a position-dependent coin

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2020年第6期72卷 18-28页

作者： Rashid Ahmad Uzma Sajjad muhammad sajid Department of Physics Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohat 26000Khyber-PakhtunkhwaPakistan

We investigate the evolution of a discrete-time one-dimensional quantum walk driven by a position-dependent *** rotation angle,which depends upon the position of a quantum particle,parameterizes the coin *** different values of the rotation angle,we observe that such a coin leads to a variety of probability distributions,***,periodic,classicallike,semi-classical-like,and ***,we study the Shannon entropy associated with position and the coin space of a quantum particle,and compare them with the case of the position-independent *** results show that the entropy is smaller for most values of the rotation angle as compared to the case of the position-independent *** also study the effect of entanglement on the behavior of probability distribution and Shannon entropy by considering a quantum walk with two identical position-dependent entangled *** observe that in general,a wave function becomes more localized as compared to the case of the positionindependent coin and hence the corresponding Shannon entropy is *** results show that a position-dependent coin can be used as a controlling tool of quantum walks.

关键词： quantum walk position-dependent coin Shannon entropy

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Underground communication:Long non-coding RNA signaling in the plant rhizosphere

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Plant Communications 2024年第7期5卷 28-51页

作者： muhammad Fahad Leeza Tariq sajid muhammad Liang Wu Hainan Institute Zhejiang UniversitySanyaHainan 572000China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have emerged as integral gene-expression regulators underlying plant growth,development,and *** adapt to the heterogeneous and dynamic rhizosphere,plants use interconnected regulatory mechanisms to optimally fine-tune gene-expression-governing interactions with soil biota,as well as nutrient acquisition and heavy metal ***,high-throughput sequencing has enabled the identification of plant lncRNAs responsive to rhizosphere biotic and abiotic ***,we examine lncRNA biogenesis,classification,and mode of action,highlighting the functions of lncRNAs in mediating plant adaptation to diverse rhizosphere *** then discuss studies that reveal the significance and target genes of lncRNAs during developmental plasticity and stress responses at the rhizobium interface.A comprehensive understanding of specific lncRNAs,their regulatory targets,and the intricacies of their functional interaction networks will provide crucial insights into how these transcriptomic switches fine-tune responses to shifting rhizosphere *** ahead,we foresee that single-cell dissection of cell-type-specific lncRNA regulatory dynamics will enhance our understanding of the precise developmental modulation mechanisms that enable plant rhizosphere *** future challenges through multi-omics and genetic approaches will more fully reveal the integral roles of lncRNAs in governing plant adaptation to the belowground environment.

关键词： biotic and abiotic cues heavy metals long non-coding RNAs nutrients phytoremediation rhizosphere microbiome

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Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of squeeze overcast Al7075-Cu composite joints

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China Foundry 2023年第1期20卷 29-39页

作者： muhammad Waqas Hanif Ahmad Wasim muhammad sajid Salman Hussain muhammad Jawad Mirza Jahanzaib Department of Industrial Engineering University of Engineering and Technology TaxilaPunjabPakistan

Al7075-Cu composite joints were prepared by the squeeze overcast *** effects of melt temperature,die temperature,and squeeze pressure on hardness and ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of squeeze overcast Al7075-Cu composite joints were *** experimental results depict that squeeze pressure is the most significant process parameter affecting the hardness and *** optimal values of UTS(48 MPa)and hardness(76 HRB)are achieved at a melt temperature of 800℃,a die temperature of 250℃,and a squeeze pressure of 90 *** electron microscopy(SEM)shows that fractured surfaces show flatfaced morphology at the optimal experimental ***-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)analysis depicts that the atomic weight percentage of Zn decreases with an increase in melt temperature and squeeze *** optimal mechanical properties of the Al7075-Cu overcast joint were achieved at the Al2Cu eutectic phase due to the large number of copper atoms that dispersed into the aluminum melt during the solidification process and the formation of strong intermetallic *** relational analysis integrated with the Taguchi method was used to develop an optimal set of control variables for multi-response parametric *** tests were performed to validate the effectiveness of the employed *** manufacturing of squeeze overcast Al7075-Cu composite joints at optimal process parameters delivers a great indication to acknowledge a new method for foundry practitioners to manufacture materials with superior mechanical properties.

关键词： squeeze overcast joints Al7075-Cu composite joints mechanical properties gray relational analysis Taguchi method

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Analysis of the effect of passive measures on the energy consumption and zero-energy prospects of residential buildings in Pakistan

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Building Simulation 2021年第4期14卷 1325-1342页

作者： muhammad Wasim Anwar Zaib Ali Abdullah Javed Emad Ud Din muhammad sajid School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

Climate change can adversely impact the thermal comfort and energy efficiency of the buildings stock. The South Asian countries are particularly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change specially in the form of rising temperatures and increasing frequency of heat waves. The passive building design measures can be useful in mitigating and adapting to the climate change by increasing energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study various passive climate change adaptation measures (PCAMs) have been used individually and in form of combinations in order to analyze their impact on the energy efficacy of residential buildings in Pakistan. It has been found that the natural ventilation and front green wall are the most efficient options for reducing the overall energy consumption. By implementation of these PCAMs, cooling demand can be decreased by 27.75% while heating demand can be reduced by 35%. Secondly, the prospect of net zero-energy building and reduced CO2 emissions are also studied. It has been shown that building can achieve net-zero energy on an annual basis at every orientation and it can attain the status of nearly zero-energy building on a monthly basis. Moreover, emitted CO2 can be reduced by 31% by using the renewable energy.

关键词： building energy simulations net zero-energy passive climate adaptation measures climate change energy consumption Pakistan

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Size-controlled synthesis of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles and their superparamagnetic properties tailoring

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2023年第1期33卷 116-119页

作者： muhammad sajid Sidra Shuja Hongpan Rong Jiatao Zhang Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute of Engineering Medicine Beijing Institute of Technology

Superparamagnetic properties and fine-tuning of colloidal Fe3O4nanoparticles are important for their widespread biomedical applications. Herein, colloidal Fe3O4nanoparticles(NPs) of different sizes(8–20 nm) were prepared,and their hydrophilization with SiO2shell coating to be Fe3O4@SiO2core-shell had been realized *** size of Fe3O4NPs was controlled by different heating rates. Transmission electron microscope(TEM), powder X-ray diffractometry(XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM) were performed to examine the morphology, crystallinity, and magnetic properties of the prepared Fe3O4and Fe3O4@SiO2core-shell NPs,respectively. In addition, high resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM) results suggested that Fe3O4NPs had well crystallization. Enabled by such, their superparamagnetic properties can be fine-tuned accordingly and cater to their potential applications.

关键词： Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 hydrophilization Superparamagnetic Core-shell Aqueous inverse microemulsion

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Petrogenesis of Granites from the Utla Area of Gadoon, North-West Pakistan: Implications from Petrography and Geochemistry

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Journal of Earth Science 2014年第3期25卷 445-459页

作者： muhammad sajid Mohammad Arif M Tahir Shah Department of Geology University of Peshawar National Center of Excellence in Geology University of Peshawar

The granitic rocks around the Utla area（Gadoon）, north western, Pakistan are studied in terms of their petrographic features and geochemical characteristics. Although predominantly mega-porphyritic, some of the Utla granites are massive and display fine-grained equi-granular texture. Some of the mega-porphyritic varieties exhibit foliation and seem to be restricted to shear zones. In addition to being distributed largely as phenocrysts, all the essential minerals（plagioclase, perthitic alkali feldspar and quartz） also constitute the groundmass. The studied samples also contain minor to accessory amounts of tourmaline, muscovite and biotite and accessory to trace amounts of apatite, andalusite, garnet, zircon, monazite, epidote and sphene. A detailed geochemical investigation reveals a calc-alkaline and peraluminous character of the Utla granites. The peraluminous character and total lack of hornblende designate their S-type character while a volcanic arc or syn-collisional tectonic setting for their emplacement is indicated by discrimination diagrams. Further examination shows that the melt parental to the Utla granite was derived from a plagioclase-poor, clay-rich rock, i.e., pelite. The petrogenetically significant petrographic and geochemical features of the Utla granite show greater similarity with the Mansehra than the Ambela granites. These include（i） the predominantly megaporphyritic texture,（ii） the presence of andalusite and tourmaline,（iii） the calc-alkaline geochemical signature and（iv） an indication of similar melt source rock character.

关键词： petrography geochemistry granite Utla Pakistan.

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Manufacturing feature-based cost estimation of cast parts

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China Foundry 2018年第6期15卷 464-469页

作者： muhammad sajid Ahmad Wasim Salman Hussain Mirza Jahanzaib Department of Industrial Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila Pakistan 47050

Seventy percent of new product cost is committed in the design phase. Therefore, the cost needs to be minimized. Incorporating accurate cost estimation capabilities into manufacturing processes can help industries to minimize the cost and optimize the design. The casting process has been employed as a key process to manufacture parts having the advantage of low cost and customized products in foundry industry. This paper presents a cost estimation system for the casting process based on the design features, which incorporates the casting information at the design stage of castings. It aims to deliver the best cost-effective choice for casting design features of a product. Two kinds of knowledge, namely economical knowledge(describing the relation between the casting design considerations and the cost) and technical knowledge(involving the material of the casting features) were structured in this research work. On the basis of the minimum product cost, casting material selection can be carried out in detail. The developed system has been validated through an industrial case study.

关键词： cost estimation model casting process design features

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A Fused Machine Learning Approach for Intrusion Detection System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 2607-2623页

作者： muhammad sajid Farooq Sagheer Abbas Atta-ur-Rahman Kiran Sultan muhammad Adnan Khan Amir Mosavi School of Computer Science National College of Business Administration and EconomicsLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam 31441Saudi Arabia Department of CIT The Applied CollegeKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Software Gachon UniversitySeongnam13120Korea John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics Obuda UniversityBudapest1034Hungary Institute of Information Engineering Automation and MathematicsSlovak University of Technology in BratislavaBratislava81107Slovakia Faculty of Civil Engineering TU-DresdenDresden01062Germany

The rapid growth in data generation and increased use of computer network devices has amplified the infrastructures of *** interconnectivity of networks has brought various complexities in maintaining network availability,consistency,and *** learning based intrusion detection systems have become essential to monitor network traffic for malicious and illicit *** intrusion detection system controls the flow of network traffic with the help of computer *** deep learning algorithms in intrusion detection systems have played a prominent role in identifying and analyzing intrusions in network *** this purpose,when the network traffic encounters known or unknown intrusions in the network,a machine-learning framework is needed to identify and/or verify network *** Intrusion detection scheme empowered with a fused machine learning technique(IDS-FMLT)is proposed to detect intrusion in a heterogeneous network that consists of different source networks and to protect the network from malicious *** proposed IDS-FMLT system model obtained 95.18%validation accuracy and a 4.82%miss rate in intrusion detection.

关键词： Fused machine learning heterogeneous network intrusion detection

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Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist:From synthesis to therapeutic applications

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BIOCELL 2023年第4期47卷 809-823页

作者： KANWAL REHMAN AMMARA AFZAAL muhammad sajid HAMID AKASH muhammad IMRAN MOHAMMED A.ASSIRI Department of Pharmacy The Women UniversityMultan60000Pakistan Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Government College UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan Research Center for Advanced Materials Science(RCAMS) King Khalid UniversityAbha62413Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha62413Saudi Arabia

The cytokine channel’s mechanism for self-regulation involves the application of antagonistic cytokines that are synthesized to connect to the receptors and release soluble cytokine *** very first receptor antagonist of cytokine that was naturally present was interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Ra).The IL-1Ra protein forms are disinfected from supernatants of cultured monocytes on stacked *** family of IL-1 consists of IL-1α,IL-1βand *** monocytes regulate the production of ***-Ra takes part in normal physiological functions by using specific antibodies,and acts as an anti-inflammatory ***-Ra is synthesized in the tissues during the period of active disease and can be systematically measured and/or *** of the levels of IL-Ra and IL-1 is the main factor for host resistance in patients during diseased conditions,as IL-Ra acts as an inherent regulator of various inflammatory *** this article,we focuse on how IL-Ra is synthesized and performs its functions once the inflammatory responses are activated.

关键词： IL-Ra Synthesis Therapeutic applications Functions of IL-1Ra

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