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Status of Cadmium Concentration in Soil and Vegetable Irrigated with City Effluent

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应用与环境生物学报 2006年第3期12卷 414-419页

作者： FARID sajid BALOCH Musa Kaleem AKHTAR Kanwar Saleem Department of Chemistry Gomal UniversityDera Ismail KhanPakistan Department of Chemical Engineering NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer ResearchFaisalabadPakistan

Cadmium(Cd) is a toxic and carcinogenic element,and it causes different diseases for people like sever nausea,salivation vomiting,diarrhoea,abdominal pain and neuralgia when it comes into food chain at excessive *** is also not included in the micronutrients for plant *** to arid and semi arid conditions of Pakistan,rainfall is small,causing shortage of irrigation *** of this shortage,farmers largely use city effluents for raising vegetables in the areas around big cities,which are contaminated with industrial *** effluents from Pakistan third largest city(Faisalabad) are used as supplementary irrigation water to produce vegetables for human *** paper reports a study on assessment of risks and opportunities associated with this practice,with emphasis on Cd,which can enter the food chain as an impurity in *** and other elements were measured in some typical effluents,four types of soils and many vegetables with no fertilizer *** was found that the municipal effluents increased soil salinity,sodicity and Cd *** Cd concentration in the vegetables was high above those normally associated with suitability for human *** were suggestions that soluble Cd concentration in the effluents could be lessened by adding lime,concurrently lowering the sodium adsorption ratio and residual sodium carbonate of the effluents,thus making them safe for utilization on agricultural soils.(Fig 1),Tab 7,Ref

关键词：镉耕种土壤蔬菜城市污水费萨那巴德巴基斯坦

Novel hole transport layer of nickel oxide composite with carbon for high-performance perovskite solar cells

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第1期27卷 80-86页

作者： sajid A M Elseman 纪军窦尚轶黄浩崔鹏卫东李美成 State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources School of Renewable EnergyNorth China Electric Power University Electronic & Magnetic Materials Department Advanced Materials Division Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI)

A depth behavioral understanding for each layer in perovskite solar cells （PSCs） and their inter[acial interactions as a whole has been emerged for further enhancement in power conversion efficiency （PCE）. Herein, NiO@Carbon was not only simulated as a hole transport layer but also as a counter electrode at the same time in the planar heterojunction based PSCs with the program wxAMPS （analysis of microelectronic and photonic structures）-lD. Simulation results revealed a high dependence of PCE on the effect of band offset between hole transport material （HTM） and perovskite layers. Meanwhile, the valence band offset （AEv） of NiO-HTM was optimized to be -0.1 to -0.3 eV lower than that of the perovskite layer. Additionally, a barrier cliff was identified to significantly influence the hole extraction at the HTM/absorber interface. Conversely, the AEv between the active material and NiO@Carbon-HTM was derived to be -0.15 to 0.15 eV with an enhanced efficiency from 15% to 16%.

关键词： hole transporting materials counter electrode perovskite solar cells simulation

Efficient two-dimensional atom localization in a five-level conductive chiral atomic medium via birefringence beam absorption spectrum

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第1期73卷 25-34页

作者： sajid Ali Muhammad Idrees Bakth Amin Bacha Arif Ullah Muhammad Haneef Lab of Theoretical Physics Department of PhysicsHazara UniversityMansehra 21300Pakistan Quantum Optics and Quantum Information Research Group Department of PhysicsUniversity of MalakandChakdara Dir(L)Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device Department of PhysicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

We have theoretically investigated two-dimensional atom localization using the absorption spectra of birefringence beams of light in a single wavelength *** atom localization is controlled and modified through tunneling effect in a conductive chiral atomic medium with absorption spectra of birefringent *** significant localization peaks are investigated in the left and right circularly polarized *** and double localized peaks are observed in different quadrants with minimum uncertainty and significant *** localized probability is modified by controlling birefringence and tunneling *** results may be useful for the capability of optical microscopy and atom imaging.

关键词： 2D atom localization birefringence beam absorption chiral atomic medium

Heat Transfer Enhancement of an Automobile Engine Radiator using ZnO Water Base Nanofluids

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第4期29卷 1010-1024页

作者： Muhammad QASIM Muhammad sajid KAMRAN Muhammad AMMAR Muhammad ALI JAMAL Muhammad YASAR JAVAID Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54890Pakistan Department of Chemical Engineering Technology Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan

In this research paper, the forced convective heat transfer enhancement of a Suzuki Mehran(VXR) 2016 radiator(heat exchanger) along with pressure drop and friction factor by utilizing Zinc oxide(Zn O) water based nanofluids has been experimentally studied. Three types of nanofluids with different volumetric concentrations of Zn O nanoparticles(0–0.3%) were employed in order to understand its effect on heat transfer enhancement. The experimental setup was completely designed as closely as possible to the car cooling system. The experimentation has been done under laminar flow conditions(186≤Re≤1127) at different fluid volume flow rates(2–12 L/min) and constant fluid inlet temperature(70°C) to the automobile radiator. A maximum enhancement in heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number was obtained up to 41%, 50% and 31% by using nanofluid with 0.2% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles respectively. On the other hand, the mean enhancement in pressure drop and friction factor was obtained up to 47% and 46% by using nanofluid with the same volumetric concentration of nanoparticles i.e. 0.2% respectively. The experimental results also revealed that the heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of nanofluids increases by increasing the volume flow rates and volumetric concentration of nanoparticles. However, these thermal performance parameters of nanofluids started to decline when the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles was increased from 0.2% to 0.3%. Furthermore, pressure drop and friction factor of nanofluids increase by increasing the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles, while pressure drop increases and friction factor decreases by increasing the volume flow rate of nanofluids respectively. At the end, the thermal efficiency of automobile radiator with high cooling rates was obtained by using nanofluid with 0.2% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles.

关键词： ZnO nanoparticles heat transfer enhancement thermal efficiency automobile radiator

Heat transfer analysis of MHD rotating flow of Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles through a stretchable surface

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第7期73卷 27-41页

作者： Faisal Shahzad Wasim Jamshed Tanveer sajid Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar Mohamed R Eid Department of Mathematics Capital University of Science and Technology(CUST)Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of Arts and SciencesPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityWadi AldawaserSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceNew Valley UniversityAl-KhargaAl-Wadi Al-Gadid72511 Egypt Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceNorthern Border UniversityArar1321Saudi Arabia

The flow of a magnetite-H_(2)O nanofluid has been considered among two rotating surfaces,assuming porosity in the upper ***,the lower surface is considered to move with variable speed to induce the forced *** as well as Coriolis forces impacting on the rotating fluid are likewise taken into *** conversions are employed for the transformation of the governing partial-differential equations into a group of non-dimensional ordinary-differential *** solution of the converted expressions is gained by means of the shooting *** is theoretically found that the nanofluid has less skin friction and advanced heat transport rate when compared with the base *** effect of rotation causes the drag force to elevate and reduces the heat transport *** are portrayed to reveal the impact of injection/suction.

关键词： rotating frame magnetite-water nanofluid flow magnetic field stretching sheet

Computational Study of Ternary Devices: Stable, Low-Cost,and Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第3期10卷 144-154页

作者： sajid sajid Ahmed Mourtada Elseman Jun Ji Shangyi Dou Dong Wei Hao Huang Peng Cui Wenkang Xi Lihua Chu Yingfeng Li Bing Jiang Meicheng Li State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources School of Renewable Energy North China Electric Power University Electronic and Magnetic Materials Department Advanced Materials Division Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI)

Although perovskite solar cells with power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) more than 22% have been realized with expensive organic charge-transporting materials, their stability and high cost remain to be addressed. In this work, the perovskite configuration of MAPbX(MA = CH_3 NH_3,X = I_3, Br_3, or I_2Br) integrated with stable and low-cost Cu:Ni Oxhole-transporting material, ZnO electron-transporting material, and Al counter electrode was modeled as a planar PSC and studied theoretically. A solar cell simulation program(wx AMPS), which served as an update of the popular solar cell simulation tool(AMPS: Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures), was used. The study yielded a detailed understanding of the role of each component in the solar celland its effect on the photovoltaic parameters as a whole. The bandgap of active materials and operating temperature of the modeled solar cell were shown to influence the solar cell performance in a significant way. Further, the simulation results reveal a strong dependence of photovoltaic parameters on the thickness and defect density of the light-absorbing layers. Under moderate simulation conditions, the MAPb Br_3 and MAPbI _2 Br cells recorded the highest PCEs of 20.58 and 19.08%, respectively, while MAPbI_3 cell gave a value of 16.14%.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Copper-doped nickel oxide Zinc oxide Simulation

An Analysis of Peristaltic Flow of a Micropolar Fluid in a Curved Channel

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第1期28卷 138-141页

作者： N. Ali M. sajid T. ,laved Z. Abbas Department of Mathematics International Islamic University Islamabad Paksitan Theoretical Plasma Physics Division PINSTECH P.O. Nilore Islamabad Pakistan

We analyze the two-dimensional peristaltic flow of a micropolar fluid in a curved channel. Long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions are used in deriving the governing equations. A shooting method with fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm is employed to solve the equations. The influence of dimensionless curvature radius on pumping and trapping phenomena is discussed with the help of graphical results. It is seen that the pressure rise per wavelength in the pumping region increases with an increase in the curvature of the channel. Moreover the symmetry of the trapped bolus destroys in going from strMg＇ht to curved channel.

关键词： Fluid dynamics

Stretching a Curved Surface in a Viscous Fluid

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第2期27卷 149-152页

作者： M. sajid N. Ali T. Javed Z. Abbas Theoretical Plasma Physics Division PINSTECH P.O. Nilore Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences International Islamic University Islamabad 44000 Pakistan

This work is concerned with the viscous flow due to a curved stretching sheet. The similarity solution of the problem is obtained numerically by a shooting method using the Runge-Kutta algorithm. The physical quantities of interest like the fluid velocity and skin friction coefficient are obtained and discussed under the influence of dimensionless curvature. It is evident from the results that dimensionless curvature causes an increase in boundary layer thickness and a decrease in the skin friction coefficient.

关键词： Fluid dynamics Mathematical physics

Importance of Features Selection,Attributes Selection,Challenges and Future Directions for Medical Imaging Data:A Review

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2020年第10期125卷 315-344页

作者： Nazish Naheed Muhammad Shaheen sajid Ali Khan Mohammed Alawairdhi Muhammad Attique Khan Faculty of Engineering&Information Technology Foundation University IslamabadIslamabadPakistan College of Computing and Informatics Saudi Electronic UniversityRayadhSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxilaPakistan

In the area of pattern recognition and machine learning,features play a key role in *** famous applications of features are medical imaging,image classification,and name a few *** the exponential growth of information investments in medical data repositories and health service provision,medical institutions are collecting large volumes of *** data repositories contain details information essential to support medical diagnostic decisions and also improve patient care *** the other hand,this growth also made it difficult to comprehend and utilize data for various *** results of imaging data can become biased because of extraneous features present in larger *** selection gives a chance to decrease the number of components in such large *** selection techniques,ousting the unimportant features and selecting a subset of components that produces prevalent characterization *** correct decision to find a good attribute produces a precise grouping model,which enhances learning pace and forecast *** paper presents a review of feature selection techniques and attributes selection measures for medical *** review is meant to describe feature selection techniques in a medical domainwith their pros and cons and to signify its application in imaging data and data mining *** review reveals the shortcomings of the existing feature and attributes selection techniques to multi-sourced ***,this review provides the importance of feature selection for correct classification of medical *** the end,critical analysis and future directions are provided.

关键词： Medical imaging imaging data feature selection data mining attribute selection medical challenges future directions