The aerial parts of land plants are covered with cuticu- lar waxes that limit non-stomatal water loss and gaseous exchanges, and protect plants from ultraviolet radiation and pathogen attacks. They are composed of ver...
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The aerial parts of land plants are covered with cuticu- lar waxes that limit non-stomatal water loss and gaseous exchanges, and protect plants from ultraviolet radiation and pathogen attacks. They are composed of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs; C20 to C34) in addition to their deriva-tives, aldehydes, alkanes, primary and secondary alcohols, and wax esters. Due to their physical properties, such as solid-ity at room temperature and a translucency ranging from transparent to opaque, plant waxes have been used as raw materials in the production of cosmetics, detergents, plas-tics, soaps, paints, drugs, lubricants, and high-value renew-able fuels. Many genes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis and export have been characterized by forward and reverse genetic approaches as well as by stem epidermis transcrip-tome analysis. The regulatory mechanisms of cuticular wax biosynthesis have been reported at the transcriptional, post- transcriptional, and translational levels. Recent advances in cuticular wax biosynthesis and its regulation are reviewed in this paper.
Flavonols are the major class of flavonoids of green Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ***).The *** genome harbors seven flavonol synthase genes(BrFLSs),but they have not been functionally ***,transcriptome analysis showe...
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Flavonols are the major class of flavonoids of green Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ***).The *** genome harbors seven flavonol synthase genes(BrFLSs),but they have not been functionally ***,transcriptome analysis showed four BrFLSs mainly expressed in Chinese *** them,only BrFLS1 showed major FLS activity and additional flavanone 3β-hydroxylase(F3H)activity,while BrFLS2 and BrFLS3.1 exhibited only marginal F3H *** generated BrFLS1-knockout(BrFLS1-KO)Chinese cabbages using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and obtained transgene-free homozygous plants without off-target mutation in the T1 generation,which were further advanced to the T2 generation showing normal ***-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis revealed that flavonol glycosides were dramatically decreased in the T2 plants,while dihydroflavonol glycosides accumulated concomitantly to levels corresponding to the reduced levels of *** PCR analysis revealed that the early steps of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were upregulated in the BrFLS1-KO *** accordance,total phenolic contents were slightly enhanced in the BrFLS1-KO plants,which suggests a negative role of flavonols in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis in Chinese *** surveys revealed that the BrFLS1-KO Chinese cabbages showed normal head formation and reproductive phenotypes,but subtle morphological changes in their heads were *** addition,their seedlings were susceptible to osmotic stress compared to the controls,suggesting that flavonols play a positive role for osmotic stress tolerance in *** *** this study,we showed that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated BrFLS1-KO successfully generated a valuable breeding resource of Chinese cabbage with distinctive metabolic traits and that CRISPR/Cas9 can be efficiently applied in functional Chinese cabbage breeding.
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