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Viral hepatitis in Pakistan:challenges and priorities

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第3期5卷 190-191页

作者： sadia ashraf Aftab Ahmad National Academy of Young Scientists(NAYS) University of the PunjabQuaid-i-Azam Campus

Hepatitis B and C are big health issues worldwide as more than 400 million people arc suffering from chronic hepatitis B and C which result in more than 1.4 million deaths each *** to a study done by Pakistan Medical Research Council in 2007-08,7.6%Pakistani population suffered with hepatitis B and *** around 4.8%with hepatitis C *** of Pakistan has taken different initiatives like vaccination,patient safety,blood screening,education and awareness about disease but still there is high prevalence of hepatitis in *** to some studies injecting drug users have the highest prevalence of hepatilis B and C in the *** follow-up studies and documentation of hepatitis patients was not very good which need to be *** is no recent large scale study on risk factors and prevalence of hepatitis B and C in Pakistan so it should be done on an urgent *** government set up regional laboratories for prevalence study and also a central institute for hepatitis research and treatment,the disease could be prevented in better and proper *** treatment of hepatitis is very costly and a developing country like Pakistan cannot afford such high *** more focus should be on preventive measures.

关键词： Hepatitis Prevalence Treatment Laboratories Risk groups

HIV awareness in Pakistan:A survey-based study

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第6期4卷 496-499页

作者： Aftab Ahmad sadia ashraf Abraisham Fatima Aamina Shah Samia Saleem Sheharbano Aneela Yasmeen National Academy of Young Scientists(NAYS) University of the PunjabQuaid i Azam CampusLahorePakistan

Objective:To know the awareness level of Pakistani population about ***:An online survey was conducted in Pakistan with the help of a questionnaire formulated by experts to record the awareness level of common people about HIV *** responses were collected and screened by the team of National Academy of Young Scientists,***:Among the 580 participants of the survey,majorities were male,in the age group of 20-30 years and were living in urban *** than 80%of responders did not ever screen themselves for HIV and close to 40%were not aware that where to go for ***,majority of the respondents knew about the nature of disease,they were not fully aware about different tests,treatment,duration of infection and *** to participants,television and internet were major source of information about AIDS and this disease can be prevented in Pakistan through public ***:Since majority of the respondents were not fully aware about the disease and its mode of transmission,there should be print and electronic media campaigns as well as workshops and seminars to educate the common *** addition,a national level prevalence study will be very helpful to know the exact prevalence of HIV in Pakistan and its major routes of transmission.

关键词： HIV Awareness Prevalence AIDS Survey Pakistan

Evaluation of soil loss severity and ecological restoration approach for sustainable agriculture in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1509-1521页

作者： Arshad ashraf Imran AHMAD Climate Energy and Water Research InstituteNational Agricultural Research Centre(NARC)Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Soil erosion has resulted in removal of the topsoils containing fine soil particles and plant nutrients, causing decrease in soil fertility in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya(HKH) region. The existing production of cereal crop grains has been reduced to one third of the potential crop grains production owing to land degradation and poor farming practices. It is necessary to assess risk of soil loss and identify appropriate controlling measures to address issues of low agriculture productivity and water insecurity in the region. In the present study, severity of soil loss was predicted using Revised Universal Loss Equation(RUSLE) and ecological measures were identified for sustainable mountain agriculture in the HKH region of Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan. Overall 62.6% area was found to have very low risk of soil loss, i.e., 100 t/(ha·yr) in about 6.8% and 7.4% areas respectively. The mean rate of soil loss was about 41.9 t/(ha·yr) in the Hindu Kush, 31.1 t/(ha·yr) in the Himalayas, 18.8 t/(ha·yr) in the Karakoram and overall 29.7 t/(ha·yr) in the three HKH ranges. As such no considerable measures have been adopted by the communities for restoration of the degraded areas except raising fruit/farm trees and supporting limited social forestry for their livelihoods. The slopes cleared for cultivation and susceptible to erosion may be stabilized through sowing/planting of multi-purpose plant species and formation of proper bench terraces. The conservation of forest ecosystem and pastures at higher elevations would help in reducing overland water flow, risk of flash flood hazard and minimizing sediment loads in the downstream. It is essential to adopt site-specific resource conservation techniques and restore possible ecosystem health for sustainable agriculture and economic developm

关键词： Climate change Erodibility Indus basin Land degradation Slope stabilization

Wave propagation of a functionally graded plate via integral variables with a hyperbolic arcsine function

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第3期23卷 547-561页

作者： Mokhtar Ellali Mokhtar Bouazza ashraf M.Zenkour Smart structures Laboratory University of Ain TemouchentAin Temouchent 46000Algeria Department of Civil Engineering University Tahri Mohamed of BecharBechar 08000Algeria Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Laboratory of Materials and Hydrology(LMH) University of Sidi Bel AbbesSidi Bel Abbes 22000Algeria Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh 33516Egypt

Several studies on functionally graded materials(FGMs)have been done by researchers,but few studies have dealt with the impact of the modification of the properties of materials with regard to the functional propagation of the waves in *** work aims to explore the effects of changing compositional characteristics and the volume fraction of the constituent of plate materials regarding the wave propagation response of thick plates of *** model is based on a higher-order theory and a new displacement field with four unknowns that introduce indeterminate integral variables with a hyperbolic arcsine *** FGM plate is assumed to consist of a mixture of metal and ceramic,and its properties change depending on the power functions of the thickness of the plate,such as linear,quadratic,cubic,and inverse *** utilizing Hamilton’s principle,general formulae of the wave propagation were obtained to establish wave modes and phase velocity curves of the wave propagation in a functionally graded plate,including the effects of changing compositional characteristics of materials.

关键词： FGM plate effects of material properties wave propagation indeterminate integral variables inverse sinus hyperbolic function

A Compact Difference Scheme for Time-Space Fractional Nonlinear Diffusion-Wave Equations with Initial Singularity

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2024年第1期16卷 146-163页

作者： Emadidin Gahalla Mohmed Elmahdi sadia Arshad Jianfei Huang College of Mathematical Sciences Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu 225002China Faculty of Education University of KhartoumKhartoum P.O.Box 321Sudan COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore CampusPakistan

In this paper,we present a linearized compact difference scheme for onedimensional time-space fractional nonlinear diffusion-wave equations with initial boundary value *** initial singularity of the solution is considered,which often generates a singular source and increases the difficulty of numerically solving the *** Crank-Nicolson technique,combined with the midpoint formula and the second-order convolution quadrature formula,is used for the time *** increase the spatial accuracy,a fourth-order compact difference approximation,which is constructed by two compact difference operators,is adopted for spatial ***,the unconditional stability and convergence of the proposed scheme are strictly established with superlinear convergence accuracy in time and fourth-order accuracy in ***,numerical experiments are given to support our theoretical results.

关键词： Fractional nonlinear diffusion-wave equations finite difference method fourth-order compact operator stability convergence

A whole-building data-driven fault detection and diagnosis approach for public buildings in hot climate regions

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第6期5卷 911-932页

作者： ashraf Alghanmi Akilu Yunusa-Kaltungo Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering(MACE)University of ManchesterM139PLUK Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Yanbu Industrial CollegeYanbu Al-Sinaiyah City 41912Saudi Arabia

Fault detection and diagnosis(FDD)approaches comprise three main pillars:model-based,knowledge-based,and data-driven ***-driven approaches prioritise operational data and do not necessitate in-depth understanding of the system’s background;yet,significant amounts of data is required,which often poses challenges to *** simulated data is inexpensive and can run numerous faults types with varying severities and time periods,it has been used in data-driven FDD ***,the majority of FDD approaches are implemented at the system level of ***,most buildings have numerous systems with distinct ***,using individualised system-level analysis makes it difficult to see system-to-system ***,there is a significant underrepresentation of research that investigate the applications of FDD models under whole-building scenarios,so as to identify a wider range of energy consumption related faults in ***,since data-driven approaches significantly depend on the quantities of training data,it becomes challenging to diagnose faults that have limited *** a result,this study diagnoses numerous building systems faults,including single and simultaneous faults with limited *** is implemented within the context of the whole-building energy performance of religious buildings in hot climatic areas,employing data-driven FDD *** multi-class classification approaches were investigated to classify both the normal condition and faulty ***,feature extraction methodologies were compared to quantify their potential for improving the *** addition to the classification evaluation metrics,one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer tests were implemented to examine the significance of the reported performance *** classifier obtained highest classification accuracy during validation and testing with about 90%,indicating a promising performance in w

关键词： Building energy performance Building maintenance Fault detection and diagnosis(FDD) Multi-class classification Feature extraction

Data Information integrated Neural Network (DINN) algorithm for modelling and interpretation performance analysis for energy systems

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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 306-315页

作者： Waqar Muhammad ashraf Vivek Dua The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondon WC1E 7JEUK

Developing a well-predictive machine learning model that also offers improved interpretability is a key challenge to widen the application of artificial intelligence in various application domains. In this work, we present a Data Information integrated Neural Network (DINN) algorithm that incorporates the correlation information present in the dataset for the model development. The predictive performance of DINN is also compared with a standard artificial neural network (ANN) model. The DINN algorithm is applied on two case studies of energy systems namely energy efficiency cooling (ENC) & energy efficiency heating (ENH) of the buildings, and power generation from a 365 MW capacity industrial gas turbine. For ENC, DINN presents lower mean RMSE for testing datasets (RMSE_test = 1.23 %) in comparison with the ANN model (RMSE_test = 1.41 %). Similarly, DINN models have presented better predictive performance to model the output variables of the two case studies. The input perturbation analysis following the Gaussian distribution for noise generation reveals the order of significance of the variables, as made by DINN, can be better explained by the domain knowledge of the power generation operation of the gas turbine. This research work demonstrates the potential advantage to integrate the information present in the data for the well-predictive model development complemented with improved interpretation performance thereby opening avenues for industry-wide inclusion and other potential applications of machine learning.

关键词： Explainable AI Model interpretation Scientific machine learning Artificial neural network Loss function

MicroRNA-630:A potential guardian against inflammation in diabetic kidney disease

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第9期15卷 1837-1841页

作者： ashraf Al Madhoun Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics Dasman Diabetes InstituteDasman 15400Kuwait

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Wu et al published“MicroRNA-630 alleviates inflammatory reactions in rats with diabetic kidney disease by targeting toll-like receptor 4”.Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)stands as a significant complication occurring from diabetes mellitus,which contributes substantially to the morbidity and mortality rates *** tubular epithelial cell damage,often accompanied by inflammatory responses and mesenchymal transdifferentiation,plays a pivotal role in the progression of *** extensive research,the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain to be *** et al remarkable work identifies microRNA-630(miR-630)as an emerging potential regulator of cell migration,apoptosis,and autophagy,prompting investigation into its association with DKD *** study endeavors to elucidate the impact of miR-630 on TEC injury and the inflammatory response in DKD *** role of miR-630 in human DKD will be of interest for future studies.

关键词： Diabetic kidney disease MicroRNA MicroRNA-630 Toll-like receptor 4 Inflammation

Glucokinase regulatory protein rs780094 polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and nephropathy

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 814-817页

作者： ashraf Al Madhoun Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics Dasman Diabetes InstituteDasman 15400Kuwait

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Liu et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes(Relationship between GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes with albuminuria).Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic disorder characterized by dysregulated glucose *** persistent elevated blood glucose level in T2DM significantly increases the risk of developing severe complications,including cardiovascular disease,re-tinopathy,neuropathy,and nephropathy.T2DM arises from a complex interplay between genetic,epigenetic,and environmental *** genomic studies have identified numerous genetic variations associated with an increased risk of ***,variations within the glucokinase regulatory protein(GCKR)gene have been linked to heightened susceptibility to T2DM and its associated *** clinical trial by Liu et al further elucidates the role of the GCKR rs780094 polymorphism in T2DM and nephropathy *** findings demonstrate that individuals carrying the CT or TT genotype at the GCKR rs780094 locus are at a higher risk of developing T2DM with albuminuria compared to those with the CC *** findings highlight the importance of genetic testing and risk assessment in T2DM to develop effective preventive strategies and personalized treatment plans.

关键词： Glucokinase regulatory protein rs780094 Type 2 diabetes mellitus Dyslipidemia Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Nephropathy