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Deep learning models for tuberculosis detection and infected region visualization in chest X-ray images

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Intelligent Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 104-113页

作者： Vinayak Sharma Nillmani sachin kumar Gupta Kaushal kumar Shukla School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Jammu and KashmirIndia School of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia

Objective Tuberculosis(TB)is among the most frequent causes of infectious-disease-related *** being treatable by antibiotics,tuberculosis often goes misdiagnosed and untreated,especially in rural and low-resource *** X-rays are frequently used to aid diagnosis;however,this presents additional challenges because of the possibility of abnormal radiological appearance and a lack of radiologists in areas where the infection is most *** deep-learning-based imaging techniques for computer-aided diagnosis has the potential to enable accurate diagnoses and lessen the burden on medical *** the present work,we aimed to develop deep-learning-based segmentation and classification models for accurate and precise detection of tuberculosis in chest X-ray images,with visualization of infection using gradient-weighted class activation mapping(Grad-CAM)*** First,we trained the UNet segmentation model using 704 chest X-ray radiographs taken from the Montgomery County and Shenzhen Hospital ***,we implemented the trained UNet model on 1,400 tuberculosis and control chest X-ray scans to segment the lung *** images were taken from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID)TB portal program ***,we applied the deep learning Xception model to classify the segmented lung region into tuberculosis and normal *** further investigated the visualization capabilities of the model using Grad-CAM to view tuberculosis abnormalities in chest X-rays and discuss them from radiological *** For segmentation by the UNet model,we achieved accuracy,Jaccard index,Dice coefficient,and area under the curve(AUC)values of 96.35%,90.38%,94.88%,and 0.99,*** classification by the Xception model,we achieved classification accuracy,precision,recall,F1-score,and AUC values of 99.29%,99.30%,99.29%,99.29%,and 0.999,*** Grad-CAM heatmap images from the tuberculos

关键词： Tuberculosis Artificial intelligence Deep learning Segmentation Classification Chest X-ray

Abundant closed-form wave solutions and dynamical structures of soliton solutions to the (3+1)-dimensional BLMP equation in mathematical physics

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第2期7卷 178-187页

作者： sachin kumar Amit kumar Department of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of DelhiDelhi 110007India Department of Mathematics Sri Vankateswara CollegeUniversity of DelhiDelhi 110021India

The physical principles of natural occurrences are frequently examined using nonlinear evolution equa-tions(NLEEs).Nonlinear equations are intensively investigated in mathematical physics,ocean physics,scientific applications,and marine *** paper investigates the Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli(BLMP)equation in(3+1)-dimensions,which describes fluid propagation and can be considered as a non-linear complex physical model for incompressible fluids in plasma *** four-dimensional BLMP equation is certainly a dynamical nonlinear evolution equation in real-world ***,we im-plement the generalized exponential rational function(GERF)method and the generalized Kudryashov method to obtain the exact closed-form solutions of the considered BLMP equation and construct novel solitary wave solutions,including hyperbolic and trigonometric functions,and exponential rational func-tions with arbitrary constant *** two efficient methods are applied to extracting solitary wave solutions,dark-bright solitons,singular solitons,combo singular solitons,periodic wave solutions,singular bell-shaped solitons,kink-shaped solitons,and rational form *** three-dimensional graphics of obtained exact analytic solutions are presented by considering the suitable choice of involved free ***,the established results verify the capability,efficiency,and trustworthiness of the implemented *** techniques are effective,authentic,and straightforward mathematical tools for obtaining closed-form solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations(NLPDEs)arising in nonlinear sciences,plasma physics,and fluid dynamics.

关键词： Closed-form solutions Generalized exponential rational function method Solitons Generalized Kudryashov method Solitary waves

Study of exact analytical solutions and various wave profiles of a new extended(2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq equation using symmetry analysis

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第5期7卷 475-484页

作者： sachin kumar Setu Rani Department of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of DelhiDelhi110007India

This paper systematically investigates the exact solutions to an extended(2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq equation,which arises in several physical applications,including the propagation of shallow-water waves,with the help of the Lie symmetry analysis *** acquired the vector fields,commutation relations,optimal systems,two stages of reductions,and exact solutions to the given equation by taking advantage of the Lie group *** method plays a crucial role to reduce the number of independent variables by one in each stage and finally forms an ODE which is solved by taking relevant suppositions and choosing the arbitrary constants that appear ***,Lie symmetry analysis(LSA)is implemented for perceiving the symmetries of the Boussinesq equation and then culminating the solitary wave *** behavior of the obtained results for multiple cases of symmetries is obtained in the present framework and demonstrated through three-and two-dimensional dynamical wave *** solutions show single soliton,multiple solitons,elastic behavior of combo soliton profiles,and stationary waves,as can be seen from the *** outcomes of the present investigation manifest that the considered scheme is systematic and significant to solve nonlinear evolution equations.

关键词： Boussinesq equation Lie group method Exact invariant solutions Solitons Optimal system

Invariance analysis for determining the closed-form solutions, optimal system, and various wave profiles for a (2+1)-dimensional weakly coupled B-Type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2023年第2期8卷 133-144页

作者： Setu Rani sachin kumar Raj kumar Department of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of DelhiDelhi 110007India Department of Mathematics Kirori Mal CollegeUniversity of DelhiDelhi 110007India

In the case of negligible viscosity and surface tension,the B-KP equation shows the evolution of quasione-dimensional shallow-water waves,and it is growingly used in ocean physics,marine engineering,plasma physics,optical fibers,surface and internal oceanic waves,Bose-Einstein condensation,ferromagnetics,and string *** to their importance and applications,many features and characteristics have been *** this work,we attempt to perform Lie symmetry reductions and closed-form solutions to the weakly coupled B-Type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation using the Lie classical ***,an optimal system based on one-dimensional subalgebras is constructed,and then all possible geometric vector yields are *** can reduce system order by employing the one-dimensional optimal ***,similarity reductions and exact solutions of the reduced equations,which include arbitrary independent functional parameters,have been *** newly established solutions can enhance our understanding of different nonlinear wave phenomena and *** threedimensional and two-dimensional graphical representations are used to determine the visual impact of the produced solutions with determined parameters to demonstrate their dynamical wave profiles for various examples of Lie *** new solitary waves,kink waves,multiple solitons,stripe soliton,and singular waveforms,as well as their propagation,have been demonstrated for the weakly coupled B-Type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili *** classical method is thus a powerful,robust,and fundamental scientific tool for dealing with *** simulations are also used to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Group-invariant solutions Solitary wave solutions Lie group theory Dynamical wave structures

Abundant analytical soliton solutions and different wave profiles to the Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov equation in mathematical physics

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第6期7卷 565-577页

作者： sachin kumar Monika Niwas Shubham kumar Dhiman Department of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of DelhiDelhi 110007India

The generalized exponential rational function(GERF)method is used in this work to obtain analytic wave solutions to the Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov(K S)*** K S equation depicts the occurrence of pressure waves in mixtures of liquid-gas bubbles while accounting for thermal expansion and *** applying the GERF method to the KS equation,we obtain analytic solutions in terms of trigonometric,hyperbolic,and exponential functions,among *** solutions include solitary wave solutions,dark-bright soliton solutions,singular soliton solutions,singular bell-shaped solutions,traveling wave solutions,rational form solutions,and periodic wave *** discuss the two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics of some obtained solutions under the accurate range space by selecting appropriate values for the involved arbitrary parameters to make this research more *** obtained analytic wave solutions specify the GERF method’s dependability,capability,trustworthiness,and efficiency.

关键词： Solitary wave solutions Closed form solutions GERF technique Dynamical wave structures

Symmetry analysis,closed-form invariant solutions and dynamical wave structures of the generalized (3+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation using optimal system of Lie subalgebra

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第2期7卷 188-201页

作者： Monika Niwas sachin kumar Harsha Kharbanda Department of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of DelhiDelhi110007India

Nonlinear evolution equations(NLEEs)are primarily relevant to nonlinear complex physical systems in a wide range of fields,including ocean physics,plasma physics,chemical physics,optical fibers,fluid dy-namics,biology physics,solid-state physics,and marine *** paper investigates the Lie sym-metry analysis of a generalized(3+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation depending on five nonzero real *** derive the Lie infinitesimal generators,one-dimensional optimal system,and geo-metric vector fields via the Lie symmetry ***,using the three stages of symmetry reductions,we converted the generalized breaking soliton(GBS)equation into various nonlinear ordinary differential equations(NLODEs),which have the advantage of yielding a large number of exact closed-form *** established closed-form wave solutions include special functional parameter solutions,as well as hyperbolic trigonometric function solutions,trigonometric function solutions,dark-bright solitons,bell-shaped profiles,periodic oscillating wave profiles,combo solitons,singular solitons,wave-wave interac-tion profiles,and various dynamical wave structures,which we present for the first time in this ***,the dynamical analysis of some established solutions is revealed through three-dimensional sketches via numerical *** of the new solutions are often useful and helpful for study-ing the nonlinear wave propagation and wave-wave interactions of shallow water waves in many new high-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations.

关键词： Lie symmetry technique Infinitesimal generators Optimal systems Closed-form wave solutions Solitary waves

Rate-dependent mechanical behavior of jointed rock with an impersistent joint under different infill conditions

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第5期14卷 1380-1393页

作者： sachin kumar Gaurav Tiwari Venkitanarayanan Parameswaran Arghya Das Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyKanpurIndia

Transition in the rate-dependent mechanical response of rock was investigated due to the presence of impersistent joint with different infill *** types of samples,***,jointed with no grouting,jointed and grouted with cement,and jointed and grouted with epoxy,were fabricated using model material.A series of dynamic split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) tests was conducted on prepared samples with strain rates varying between 53-130 salong with static uniaxial compression tests(10s).Progression of fracture/failure along samples was monitored using high-speed imaging and digital image correlation(DIC).Strength was observed to be significantly lower for jointed samples as compared to intact ***,the increasing trend of strength with strain rates remained similar for all types of *** was observed to be a better grout due to greater improvement in the strength of epoxy grouted jointed samples than cement grouted samples under both static and dynamic *** changes were observed in fracture behavior(initiation,pattern and mechanism)with strain rate for intact and jointed unfilled/grouted *** was dominated by shear and tensile cracks at high strain rates compared to tensile cracks at low strain rates in all *** static loading conditions,the location of cracks initiation shifts away from joint tips with increasing strain rate and depending upon existing infill conditions(unfilled/grouted).

关键词： Jointed rocks Grouted joint Dynamic loading Strain rates

Construction of multiple new analytical soliton solutions and various dynamical behaviors to the nonlinear convection-diffusion-reaction equation with power-law nonlinearity and density-dependent diffusion via Lie symmetry approach together with a couple of integration approaches

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2023年第3期8卷 226-237页

作者： Shoukry El-Ganaini sachin kumar Monika Niwas Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceDamanhour UniversityDamanhour 22514Egypt Department of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of DelhiDelhi 110007India Department of Mathematics University of DelhiDelhi 110007India

By taking advantage of three different computational analytical methods:the Lie symmetry analysis,the generalized Riccati equation mapping approach,and the modified Kudryashov approach,we construct multiple new analytical soliton solutions to the nonlinear convection-diffusion-reaction equation(NCDR)with power-law nonlinearity and density-dependent *** symmetry analysis is one of the pow-erful techniques that reduce the higher-order partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation by reduction of independent *** the Lie group technique,we obtain one-parameter in-variant transformations,determining equations and corresponding vectors for the considered convection-diffusion-reaction *** treating the parameters of the governing equation as constants,the ap-plied methods yield a variety of new closed-form solutions,including inverse function solutions,periodic solutions,exponential function solutions,dark solitons,singular solitons,combo bright-singular solitons,and the combine of bright-dark solitons and dark-bright ***,using the Bäcklund transfor-mation of the generalized Riccati equation and modified Kudryashov method,we can construct multiple solitons and other solutions of the considered *** obtained new solutions of this work demon-strate that the used approaches are powerful and effective in dealing with nonlinear equations,and that these solutions are required to explain many biological and physical *** our obtained solutions of this paper with the ones obtained in the literature,we see that our solutions are new and not reported *** newly formed soliton solutions will be more beneficial in the various dis-ciplines of ocean engineering,plasma physics,and nonlinear sciences.

关键词： Lie symmetry analysis Generalized riccati equation mapping Modified kudryashov approach Nonlinear convection-diffusion-reaction equation Solitary wave solutions Closed form solutions Backlund transformation Exact solution Dynamical wave structures Bäcklund transformation

Specific wave profiles and closed-form soliton solutions for generalized nonlinear wave equation in(3+1)-dimensions with gas bubbles in hydrodynamics and fluids

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2023年第1期8卷 91-102页

作者： sachin kumar Ihsanullah Hamid M.A.Abdou Department of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of DelhiDelhi 110007India Department of Mathematics College of SciencesUniversity of BishaP.O.Box 344Bisha 61922Saudi Arabia Physics Department Faculty of ScienceMansoura UniversityMansoura 35516Egypt

Nonlinear evolution equations(NLEEs)are frequently employed to determine the fundamental principles of natural *** equations are studied extensively in nonlinear sciences,ocean physics,fluid dynamics,plasma physics,scientific applications,and marine *** generalized exponen-tial rational function(GERF)technique is used in this article to seek several closed-form wave solutions and the evolving dynamics of different wave profiles to the generalized nonlinear wave equation in(3+1)dimensions,which explains several more nonlinear phenomena in liquids,including gas bubbles.A large number of closed-form wave solutions are generated,including trigonometric function solutions,hyper-bolic trigonometric function solutions,and exponential rational functional *** the dynamics of distinct solitary waves,a variety of soliton solutions are obtained,including single soliton,multi-wave structure soliton,kink-type soliton,combo singular soliton,and singularity-form wave *** de-termined solutions have never previously been *** dynamical wave structures of some analyt-ical solutions are graphically demonstrated using three-dimensional graphics by providing suitable values to free *** technique can also be used to obtain the soliton solutions of other well-known equations in engineering physics,fluid dynamics,and other fields of nonlinear sciences.

关键词： Closed-form solutions Dynamical wave patterns Analytic solutions Nonlinear wave equation GERF Method Solitary waves Solitons