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Molecular Neuropathology versus Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Tumors: Review Article about Novel Diagnostic and Investigative Technologies

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第12期10卷 55-72页

作者： saad Misfer alqahtani Department of Pathology College of Medicine Najran University Hospital Najran University Najran Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Background: While the diagnostic roles of histopathology and cytopathology remain highly significant nowadays, the roles and applications of molecular techniques in neuropathology are expanding and becoming noteworthy. In the presence of high-throughput techniques such as next-generation sequencing, an exciting application for molecular techniques is genetic or epigenetic profiling, which is known as a rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive technique to elucidate and identify novel genetic or epigenetic alterations. Purpose and Method: The current report is a review article to discuss the significant roles of molecular pathology and advanced molecular technologies, including DNA methylation arrays and spatial transcriptomics, in the neuropathology of central nervous system tumors. Results: The DNA Methylation array is considered a diagnostic support and investigative tool, while spatial transcriptomics is only an investigative tool so far. However, spatial transcriptomics enables visualizing the cells spatially according to their messenger ribonucleic acid and genetic expression. Both of the techniques help in the discovery of different and novel genetic or epigenetic alterations, which may provide opportunities to develop a clinically relevant classification of tumors, elucidate diagnostic and prognostic markers, and ascertain therapeutic checkpoints. There is tremendous growth in the role of these novel technologies, and they are becoming of major importance gradually. Conclusion: Histopathology and cytopathology, as conventional diagnostic disciplines of pathology may have a minor role in the future with further development and advancement of these technologies, especially when they are verified totally and their quality is ensured to serve patients with high healthcare standards. Therefore, different calls from experts in the field of pathology have asked to prepare and train pathologists not only in histopathology but in molecular pathology and its advanced techn

关键词： CNS Tumors Methylation Spatial Transcriptomics Histopathology Molecular

Optimal entry point for antegrade and retrograde femoral intramedullary nails

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2023年第5期26卷 249-255页

作者： Mohammad M.Alzahrani Yousef Aljamaan Jaffar Alsayigh Shahad Alghamdi saad M.alqahtani Steven R.Papp Orthopedic Surgery Department College of MedicineImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia Division of Orthopaedic Surgery University of OttawaThe Ottawa HospitalOttawaOntarioCanada

Surgical management of femoral shaft fractures with intramedullary nails has become the standard ofcare,with multiple options for entry point described,including piriformis entry,trochanter entry andretrograde femoral *** present review describes the surgical anatomy of the proximal and distalfemur and its relation to different entry points for intramedullary femoral *** addition,we reviewedrelative indications for each technique,difficulties associated and possible complications.

关键词： Femurfracture Antegrade Retrograde Femoral nailing

Contemporary Study for Detection of COVID-19 Using Machine Learning with Explainable AI

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 1075-1104页

作者： saad Akbar Humera Azam Sulaiman Sulmi Almutairi Omar alqahtani Habib Shah Aliya Aleryani Department of Computer Science University of KarachiKarachi75270Pakistan Department of Computing Faculty of Engineering Science and TechnologyHamdard UniversityKarachi75540Pakistan Department of Health Informatics College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityQassim51452Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia

The prompt spread of COVID-19 has emphasized the necessity for effective and precise diagnostic *** this article,a hybrid approach in terms of datasets as well as the methodology by utilizing a previously unexplored dataset obtained from a private hospital for detecting COVID-19,pneumonia,and normal conditions in chest X-ray images(CXIs)is proposed coupled with Explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI).Our study leverages less preprocessing with pre-trained cutting-edge models like InceptionV3,VGG16,and VGG19 that excel in the task of feature *** methodology is further enhanced by the inclusion of the t-SNE(t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding)technique for visualizing the extracted image features and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE)to improve images before extraction of ***,an AttentionMechanism is utilized,which helps clarify how the modelmakes decisions,which builds trust in artificial intelligence(AI)*** evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,both benchmark datasets and a private dataset obtained with permissions from Jinnah PostgraduateMedical Center(JPMC)in Karachi,Pakistan,are *** 12 experiments,VGG19 showcased remarkable performance in the hybrid dataset approach,achieving 100%accuracy in COVID-19 *** classification and 97%in distinguishing normal ***,across all classes,the approach achieved 98%accuracy,demonstrating its efficiency in detecting COVID-19 and differentiating it fromother chest disorders(Pneumonia and healthy)while also providing insights into the decision-making process of the models.

关键词： COVID-19 detection deep neural networks support vector machine CXIs InceptionV3 VGG16 VGG19 t-SNE embedding CLAHE attention mechanism XAI

Occupational injuries and burn out among orthopedic oncology surgeons

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第12期13卷 1056-1063页

作者： Abdulrahman M Alaseem Robert E Turcotte Nathalie Ste-Marie Mohammad M Alzahrani saad M alqahtani Krista A Goulding Department of Orthopedic Surgery College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 12372Saudi Arabia Department of Orthopedic Surgery McGill University Health CentreMontreal H4A3J1Canada Department of Orthopedic Surgery College of MedicineImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal universityDammam 34212Saudi Arabia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Mayo ClinicPhoenixArizona 85054USA

BACKGROUND Orthopedic oncology surgeons commonly engage in prolonged and complex surgical *** types of surgeries increase the risk of physical and psychological stressors,which may in turn make these physicians prone to workrelated occupational *** The aim of this study was to explore in orthopedic oncologists,the prevalence of work-related physical injuries and psychological *** A modified version of the physical discomfort survey was developed to assess occupational injuries among orthopedic oncology surgeon members of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society,the Canadian Orthopedic Oncology Society and European Musculoskeletal Oncology *** survey was sent by email,and it explored musculoskeletal complaints,psychological disturbances,treatment required for these complaints and the requirement of time off *** A total of 67 surgeon responses were collected.A high number of orthopedic oncologists(84%)reported an occupational *** back pain(39%)was the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition,followed by lumbar disk herniation(16%),shoulder tendinitis(15%)and lateral epicondylitis(13%).Of the cohort,46%required surgery and 31%required time off work due to their ***-three respondents reported a psychological ***(27%),anxiety(20%)and insomnia(20%)were the most commonly *** required off work due to injury was associated with old age and years in *** Orthopedic oncology surgeons report a high prevalence of work-related *** back related injury and burnout were the most reported *** operative room ergonomics and prevention of stress related to the work environment should be areas to explore in upcoming research.

关键词： Orthopedic oncology Surgeons Occupational Musculoskeletal Injuries

Analysis of Local Diagnostic Reference Levels for Pediatric Patients Undergoing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging for Oncology

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2023年第7期11卷 2144-2155页

作者： saad alqahtani Khaled Soliman saad Alotaibi Khaled Alnofaie Abdullah Alahmari Fahad Alyahya Abdullah Albdullah Rashed Alharbi Radiodiagnostic and Medical Imaging Department Prince Sultan Military Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia Medical Physics Department Prince Sultan Military Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Background: The PET/CT imaging studies have two doses components the dose from the PET radiopharmaceutical and the other from the low dose CT used for PET images attenuation correction. We have one PET/CT scanner at our institution a Philips Time of Flight scanner. Our local patient’s radiation protection rules requires continuous assessment of radiation doses delivered to our patients. Purposes: The objectives of this study are to develop a weight- based facility DRLs for paediatric F-18-FDG PET-CT imaging for oncology in a large tertiary hospital and to determine whether the calculated DRLs compares with internationally published DRLs. Materials & Methods: Radiation dose data and patient demographics of two-hundreds and sixteen paediatric PET-CT oncology patients imaging procedures from one large tertiary hospital were selected and analysed in order to establish a facility paediatric DRLs. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: The PET dose reference levels ranged between [62 - 525] MBq of injected activity for a range of pediatric age groups. The CTDIvol values were between 3.5 and 16.5 mGy for all age groups. Comparison with current EANM and SNMMI recommendations of patient’s dose are discussed. Conclusion: Our pediatric PET/CT reference levels are higher than the ones reported internationally with notable variations. .

关键词： Diagnostic Reference Levels PET/CT 18-F-FDG Pediatric Radiation Dose CTDIvol Oncology

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第11期12卷 891-898页

作者： Mohammad M Alzahrani saad M alqahtani David Pichora Ryan Bicknell Department of Orthopaedics Imam Adulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamKSA 34212Saudi Arabia Department of Orthopaedics Queens UniversityKingston K7L 3N6Canada

BACKGROUND Work-related injuries have gained recent attention,especially in the orthopaedic *** upper extremity orthopaedic surgical tasks require repetitive and constant maneuvers,these surgeons can be at increased risk of acquiring workrelated musculoskeletal(MSK)disorders during their years in *** To assess the prevalence,characteristics and impact of MSK disorders among upper extremity orthopaedic *** A modified version of the physical discomfort survey was sent to surgeons who were members of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and the Canadian shoulder and elbow society via *** collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics,one-way analysis of variance,and Fisher's exact test.P values of21 years(P<0.05).CONCLUSION A high proportion of surgeons in our survey reported MSK injuries,with more than one quarter of surgeons reported requiring time off work due to an MSK *** high incidence of these disorders may place a financial and psychological burden on surgeons and affect their ability to provide patient *** of operative ergonomics,irrespective of surgical specialty may help to decrease or possibly prevent the occurrence of these disorders.

关键词： Upper Extremity Surgeon Prevalence Musculoskeletal Disorders

Spectrophotometric Study for the Reaction of Pentoxifylline Hydrochloride with 1,2-Naphthoquinone-4-Sulphonate: Kinetics, Mechanism and Application for Development of High-Throughput Kinetic Microwell Assay for Pentoxifylline in Quality Control Laboratory

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2016年第2期7卷 179-191页

作者： Ashraf M. Mahmoud saad A. alqahtani Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Assiut University Assiut Egypt Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmacy Najran University Najran Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Clinical Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Najran University Najran Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Spectrophotometric study was carried out, for the first time, to investigate the reaction between the vasodilator pentoxifylline hydrochloride (POX) and 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) reagent. The reaction occurs in alkaline medium to activate the nucleophilic substitution reaction producing an orange-colored product measured spectrophometrically at λmax 472 nm. The variables affecting the reaction were carefully studied and the conditions were optimized. The kinetics of the reaction was investigated and its activation energy was found to be 0.262 cal/mol. Owing to its low activation energy, the reaction proceeded easily and was successfully used for simple and rapid assay of POX. The stoichiometry of the reaction was determined (1:1), and the reaction mechanism was suggested. To develop a high-throughput methodology used in quality control laboratory, a comparative study of the reaction using the conventional spectrophotometric versus microwell assay was applied. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the initial rate and fixed time methods were utilized for constructing the calibration graphs for determination of POX concentrations. The linear range was 10 - 120 μg/ml with good correlation coefficients (0.9987 - 0.9998). The LOD was 2.5 and 3.4 μg/ml for initial rate and fixed time methods, respectively. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision of the developed methods were satisfactory, where RSD was ≤3.94%. The present methods have been successfully applied to the determination of POX in its pharmaceutical tablets, and the percentage recovery values were 97.9% - 101.9%. Therefore, we strongly recommend the proposed methods for determination of POX in quality control laboratories.

关键词： Pentoxifylline HCl 1 2-Naphthoquinone-4-Sulphonate Kinetic Spectrophotometry Pharmaceutical Analysis Micro-Well Plate Reader

Classified VPN Network Traffic Flow Using Time Related to Artificial Neural Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 819-841页

作者： saad Abdalla Agaili Mohamed Sefer Kurnaz Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Altinbas UniversityIstanbul34000Turkey

VPNs are vital for safeguarding communication routes in the continually changing cybersecurity ***,increasing network attack complexity and variety require increasingly advanced algorithms to recognize and categorizeVPNnetwork *** present a novelVPNnetwork traffic flowclassificationmethod utilizing Artificial Neural Networks(ANN).This paper aims to provide a reliable system that can identify a virtual private network(VPN)traffic fromintrusion attempts,data exfiltration,and denial-of-service *** compile a broad dataset of labeled VPN traffic flows from various apps and usage ***,we create an ANN architecture that can handle encrypted communication and distinguish benign from dangerous *** effectively process and categorize encrypted packets,the neural network model has input,hidden,and output *** use advanced feature extraction approaches to improve the ANN’s classification accuracy by leveraging network traffic’s statistical and behavioral *** also use cutting-edge optimizationmethods to optimize network characteristics and *** suggested ANN-based categorization method is extensively tested and *** show the model effectively classifies VPN traffic *** also show that our ANN-based technique outperforms other approaches in precision,recall,and F1-score with 98.79%*** study improves VPN security and protects against new *** VPNtraffic flows effectively helps enterprises protect sensitive data,maintain network integrity,and respond quickly to security *** study advances network security and lays the groundwork for ANN-based cybersecurity solutions.

关键词： VPN network traffic flow ANN classification intrusion detection data exfiltration encrypted traffic feature extraction network security

Reinforcement Learning-Empowered Graph Convolutional Network Framework for Data Integrity Attack Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 797-806页

作者： Edeh Vincent Mehdi Korki Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian Alex Stojcevski saad Mekhilef School of Science Computingand Engineering TechnologiesSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourneAustralia

The massive integration of communication and information technology with the large-scale power grid has enhanced the efficiency, safety, and economical operation of cyber-physical systems. However, the open and diversified communication environment of the smart grid is exposed to cyber-attacks. Data integrity attacks that can bypass conventional security techniques have been considered critical threats to the operation of the grid. Current detection techniques cannot learn the dynamic and heterogeneous characteristics of the smart grid and are unable to deal with non-euclidean data types. To address the issue, we propose a novel Deep-Q-Network scheme empowered with a graph convolutional network (GCN) framework to detect data integrity attacks in cyber-physical systems. The simulation results show that the proposed framework is scalable and achieves higher detection accuracy, unlike other benchmark techniques.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning graph convolutional network heterogeneous smart grid network