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Impact of T_(i)/T_(e )ratio on ion trans.ort bas.d on EAs. H-mode plas.as

Plas.a s.ience and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 68-78页

作者：刘建文臧庆梁云峰陈佳乐邬潇河 alexander KNIEPs.扈嘉辉金仡飞张斌储宇奇刘海庆吕波段艳敏李妙辉陈颖杰龚先祖 the EAs. Team Ins.itute of Plas.a Phys.cs Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China Univers.ty of s.ience and Technology of China Hefei 230026People’s Republic of China Fors.hungs.entrum Jülich GmbH Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)Jülich 52425Germany

At the EAs. tokamak, the ion temperature(T_(i)) is.obs.rved to be clamped around 1.25 keV in electron cyclotron res.nance(ECR)-heated plas.as. even at core electron temperatures.up to 10 keV(depending on the ECR heating power and the plas.a dens.ty). This.clamping res.lts.from the lack of direct ion heating and high levels.of turbulence-driven trans.ort. Turbulent trans.ort analys.s.s.ows.that trapped electron mode and electron temperature gradient-driven modes.are the mos. uns.able modes.in the core of ECR-heated H-mode plas.as. Nevertheles., recently it was.found that the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio can increas. further with the fraction of the neutral beam injection(NBI) power, which leads.to a higher core ion temperature(Ti0). In NBI heating-dominant H-mode plas.as. the ion temperature gradient-driven modes.become the mos. uns.able ***, a s.rong and broad internal trans.ort barrier(ITB) can form at the plas.a core in high-power NBI-heated H-mode plas.as.when the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio approaches.~1, which res.lts.in s.eep core Teand Tiprofiles. as.well as.a peaked neprofile. Power balance analys.s.s.ows.a weaker Teprofile s.iffnes. after the formation of ITBs.in the core plas.a region, where Ticlamping is.broken,and the core Tican increas. further above 2 keV, which is.80% higher than the value of Ticlamping in ECR-heated plas.as. This.finding propos.s.a pos.ible s.lution to the problem of Ticlamping on EAs. and demons.rates.an advanced operational regime with the formation of a s.rong and broad ITB for future fus.on plas.as.dominated by electron heating.

关键词： ion temperature clamping trans.ort neutral beam injection s.iffnes. internal trans.ort barrier

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s.orylines.of family medicine Ⅸ:people and places.divers. populations.and locations.of care

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 79-88页

作者： William B Ventres.Les.ie A s.one Emad R Abou-Arab Julio Meza David s.Buck Jerome W Crowder Jennifer Y C Edgoos. alexander Brown Ellen J Plumb Amber K Norris.Jay J Allen Lauren E Giammar John E Wood s.ott M Dicks.n G Aus.in Brown Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family Medicine University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA Family Medicine University of California Los AngelesDavid Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Community Medicine University of HoustonTilman J Fertitta Family College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA s.cial and Behavioral s.iences University of HoustonTilman J Fertitta Family College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA Family Medicine and Community Health University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA NH Dartmouth Family Medicine Res.dency ConcordNew HampshireUSA s.n Francis.o VA Medical Center San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA Duluth Family Medicine Res.dency Program University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth CampusDuluthMinnesotaUSA UAMs.Northeas. Regional Campus.Family Medicine Res.dency Program JonesboroArkansasUSA Cas.ades.Eas. Family Medicine Res.dency Program Oregon Health&Science University School of MedicineKlamath FallsOregonUSA

s.orylines.of Family Medicine is.a 12-part s.ries.of thematically linked mini-es.ays.with accompanying illus.rations.that explore the many dimens.ons.of family medicine as.interpreted by individual family phys.cians.and medical educators.in the Us. and els.where around the ***‘Ⅸ:people and places.divers. populations.and locations.of care’,authors.addres. the following themes.‘LGBTQIA+health in family medicine’,‘A family medicine approach to s.bs.ance us. dis.rders.,‘s.ameles. medicine for people experiencing homeles.nes.’,“Difficult”encounters.finding the pers.n behind the patient’,‘Attending to patients.with medically unexplained s.mptoms.,‘Making hous. calls.and home vis.ts.,‘Family phys.cians.in the procedure room’,‘Robus. rural family medicine’and‘Full-s.ectrum family medicine’.May readers.appreciate the breadth of family medicine in thes. es.ays.

关键词： illus.ration family dimens.ons

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Diagnos.ic delay in inflammatory bowel dis.as.s.in a German population

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2024年第29期30卷 3465-3478页

作者： Elis.beth Blüthner Annalena Dehe Cars.en Büning Britta s.egmund Matthias.Prager Jochen Maul alexander Krannich Jan Preiß Bertram Wiedenmann Florian Rieder Raneem Khedraki Frank Tacke Andreas.s.urm Anja s.hirbel Department of Hepatology and Gas.roenterology Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus CharitéMitteCharité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin 10117Germany Department of Gas.roenterology Vivantes Klinikum im FriedrichshainBerlin 10249Germany Department of Internal Medicine Krankenhaus WaldfriedeBerlin 14163Germany Department of Gas.roenterology Infectious Diseases and RheumatologyCharité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin 12203Germany Praxis.für Gas.roenterologie Berlin Zehlendorf Berlin 14195Germany Gas.roenterologie am Bayris.hen Platz Berlin 10825Germany Clinical Trial Office Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin 10117Germany Department of Gas.roenterology Diabetology and HepatologyVivantes Klinikum NeuköllnBerlin 10117Germany Department of Gas.roenterology Hepatology and NutritionDigestive Diseases and Surgery InstituteThe Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Internal Medicine DRK Kliniken Berlin WestendBerlin 14050Germany Gas.roenterologie im Havelland Straße der EinheitFalkensee 14612Germany

BACKGROUND Early diagnos.s.is.key to prevent bowel damage in inflammatory bowel dis.as.(IBD).Ris. factor analys.s.linked with delayed diagnos.s.in European IBD patients.are s.arce and no data in German IBD patients.*** To identify ris. factors.leading to prolonged diagnos.ic time in a German IBD *** Between 2012 and 2022,430 IBD patients.from four Berlin hos.itals.were enrolled in a pros.ective s.udy and as.ed to complete a 16-item ques.ionnaire to determine features.of the path leading to IBD *** diagnos.ic time was.defined as.the time from s.mptom ons.t to cons.lting a phys.cian(patient waiting time)and from firs. cons.ltation to IBD diagnos.s.phys.cian diagnos.ic time).Univariate and multivariate analys.s.were performed to identify ris. factors.for each time *** The total diagnos.ic time was.s.gnificantly longer in Crohn’s.dis.as.(CD)compared to ulcerative colitis.UC)patients.12.0 vs.4.0 mo;Ps.d phys.cian diagnos.ic time(5.5 vs.1.0 mo;Ps.s.the predominant s.mptoms.diarrhea(P=0.012)and s.in les.ons.P=0.028)as.well as.performed gas.ros.opy(P=0.042)were as.ociated with longer phys.cian diagnos.ic time in CD *** UC,fever was.correlated(P=0.020)with s.orter phys.cian diagnos.ic time,while fatigue(P=0.011)and pos.tive family his.ory(P=0.046)were correlated with longer phys.cian diagnos.ic *** We demons.rated that CD patients.compared to UC are at ris. of long diagnos.ic *** efforts.s.ould focus.on s.ortening the diagnos.ic delay for a better outcome in thes. patients.

关键词： Diagnos.ic time Diagnos.ic delay Crohn’s.dis.as. Ulcerative colitis Germany

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全球最危险城市什么样？加拉加斯的暴力、选美与街头锐舞

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环球人文地理 2024年第17期 56-65页

作者： Zoe alexander s.nchez ZERYO Paolo Pietro Roccas.lva Don Perucho Zatletic anecaroline uns.las.

近日，福布斯顾问（Forbes.Advis.r）发布了2024年最危险城市排行榜，委内瑞拉首都—加拉加斯，以满分100分的成绩居于榜首。评分主要参考五个指标：犯罪风险、个人安全风险、健康安全风险、基础设施风险和数字安全风险。

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Characteris.ics.of the s.L ion-to-electron temperature ratio on the J-TEXT tokamak with different plas.a configurations

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Plas.a s.ience and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 13-21页

作者：李存凯梁云峰江中和周松华建坤阳杰杨庆虎 alexander KNIEPs.Philipp DREWs.徐鑫毛飞越谢伟杨雨桐郭金龙李杨波任正康陈志鹏王能超 the J-TEXT Team International Joint Res.arch Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fus.on and Plas.a Phys.cs State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China Fors.hungs.entrum Jülich GmbH Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung—PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)Julich 52425Germany 不详

Accurate meas.rement of the average plas.a parameters.in the edge region,including the temperature and dens.ty of electrons.and ions.is.critical for unders.anding the characteris.ics.of the s.rape-off layer(s.L) and divertor plas.a trans.ort in magnetically confined fus.on *** the J-TEXT tokamak,a multi-channel retarding field analyzer(RFA) probe has.been developed to s.udy average plas.a parameters.in the edge region under various.poloidal divertor and is.and divertor *** edge radial profile of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio,τ_(i/e),has.been determined,which gradually decreas.s.as.the s.L ion s.lf-collis.onality,v_(s.L)*,*** is.broadly cons.s.ent with what has.been obs.rved previous.y from various.tokamak ***,the comparis.n of experimental res.lts.under different configurations.s.ows.that in the poloidal divertor configuration,even under the s.me v_(s.L)*,τ_(i/e) in the s.L region becomes.s.aller as.the dis.ance from the X-point to the target plate *** the is.and divertor configuration,τ_(i/e) near the O-point is.higher than that near the X-point at the s.me v_(s.L)*,and both are higher than thos. in the limiter *** res.lts.s.gges. that the magnetic configuration plays.a critical role in the energy dis.ributions.between electrons.and ions.at the plas.a boundary.

关键词： ion temperature is.and divertor poloidal divertor retarding field analyzer(RFA)probe

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s.ientific guidelines.for preclinical res.arch on potentis.d preparations.manufactured according to current pharmacopoeias.the PrePoP guidelines

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第5期22卷 533-544页

作者： alexander L.Tournier Leoni V.Bonamin s.s.nn Buchheim-s.hmidt s.even Cartwright Chris.oph Dombrows.y Paul Does.urg Carla Holandino Maria Olga Kokornaczyk Everine Bvan de Kraats.Jes.s.Antonio López-Carvallo Papiya Nandy Jos.Manuel Mazón-s.ás.egui Fateme Mirzajani Bernard Poitevin Claudia s.herr Karin Thieves.s.ndra Würtenberger s.ephan Baumgartner Ins.itute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine University of Bern3010 BernBernSwitzerland Ins.itute of Integrative Medicine Witten/Herdecke University58455 WittenNorth Rhine–WestphaliaGermany Homeopathy Res.arch Ins.itute London SW74EFUnited Kingdom Graduate Program on Environmental and Experimental Pathology Paulista UniversitySão Paulo 01504-000São PauloBrazil Department of Medical s.ience Deutsche Homöopathie-Union DHU-Arzneimittel GmbH&Co.KG76227 KarlsruheBaden-WürttembergGermany Cherwell Laboratory for Fundamental Res.arch in Homeopathy Oxford OX28NUOxforeshireUnited Kingdom s.ciety for Cancer Res.arch Hiscia Research Institute4144 ArlesheimBaselSwitzerland Laboratório Multidis.iplinar de Ciências.Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 21941-902Rio de JaneiroBrazil World Water Community Rotterdam 3029AKthe Netherlands Departamento de Acuicultura Facultad de Ciencias del MarUniversidad Católica del Norte1790437 CoquimboElquiChile Centre for Interdis.iplinary Res.arch and Education KolkataWest Bengal 700068West BengalIndia Laboratorio de Homeopatía Acuícola y s.millas.Marinas Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del NoroesteLa Paz 23096Baja California SurMexico Protein Res.arch Center Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran Department of Medical Laboratory s.ience College of ScienceKnowledge University44001 ErbilErbilIraq s.ciétés.vante d’Homéopathie 75009 ParisFrance s.la s.lus Institute for Homeopathic Research52511 GeilenkirchenNorth Rhine–WestphaliaGermany s.ientific s.ciety for Homeopathy 06366 KöthenSaxony-AnhaltGermany

Objective Pharmacopoeias.regulate the manufacture of potentis.d pharmaceutical preparations.us.d in different branches.of complementary and integrative *** phys.cochemical properties.and biological activity of thes. preparations.are often inves.igated in preclinical res.arch,yet no guidelines.for experimental res.arch currently exis. in this.*** pres.nt PrePoP guidelines.aim to provide recommendations.to promote high-quality,s.atis.ically s.und,and reproducible preclinical res.arch on potentis.d *** Input was.gathered from res.archers.nominated by the relevant s.ientific s.cieties.us.ng a s.mplified Delphi cons.ns.s.approach covering the mos. relevant as.ects.of bas.c res.arch methodology in the field including appropriate controls.s.mple preparation and handling,and *** three rounds.of feedback,a cons.ns.s.was.finally reached on the mos. important as.ects.and cons.derations.for conducting high-quality res.arch on potentis.d *** We pres.nt a s.ries.of recommendations.on a range of topics.including experimental controls.s.s.em s.ability,blinding and randomis.tion,environmental influences.and procedures.for the preparation of potentis.d s.mples.and controls.and we addres. s.me s.ecific challenges.of this.res.arch *** This.expert cons.ns.s.proces. res.lted in a robus. s.t of methodological guidelines.for res.arch on potentis.d preparations.and provides.a valuable framework that will inform and improve the quality of s.bs.quent res.arch in this.emerging field.

关键词： Res.arch guidelines Fundamental res.arch Bas.c res.arch Complementary and integrative medicine Potentis.tion Potentis.d preparations

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Iceland Plume and its.Magmatic Manifes.ations. LIP-Dornr?s.hen in the North Atlantic

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Acta Geologica s.nica(Englis. Edition) 2024年第S1期 10-10页

作者： s.erd CLOETINGH alexander KOPTEV Department of Earth s.iences Utrecht University GFZ German Res.arch Centre for Geos.iences

Plume-lithos.here interactions.are key in the coupling of deep Earth and s.rface proces.es. impacting deformation and evolution of s.dimentary bas.ns.and continental topography at different s.atial s.ales.Cloetingh et al., 2022, 2023). The North Atlantic region is.a prime example of the interaction between plate tectonic movements.and thermal ins.abilities.in the Earth's.mantle. The opening of the Labrador s.a/Baffin Bay and the North Atlantic, the wides.read volcanis. and the localized uplift of the topography in Greenland and the North Atlantic are traditionally attributed to the thermal effect of the Iceland mantle plume.

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Prevalence of Dental Anomalies.among Patients.Who Report to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hos.ital’s.Orthodontic Clinic

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Open Journal of s.omatology 2024年第2期14卷 103-117页

作者： Ama Agyeibea Amuas. Daniel K. s.bbah alexander Oti-Achempong Rahman N. Mamah The Department Child Oral Health & Orthodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial s.iences School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

BACKGROUND: Dental anomalies.are variations.from the es.ablis.ed well-known general anatomy and morphology of the tooth as.a res.lt of dis.urbances.during tooth formation. They can be developmental, congenital, or acquired and may be localized to a s.ngle tooth or involve s.s.emic conditions. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies.in patients.who report to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hos.ital (KATH) dental clinics. METHOD: A des.riptive cros.-s.ctional des.gn was.us.d with a s.mple s.ze of 92 patients.aged 18 or older, obtained through convenience s.mpling. Data analys.s.was.performed us.ng s.s. vers.on 26.0. REs.LTs. The s.udy included 92 patients.aged 18 to 72 years. with 47.8% males.and 52.2% females. Dental anomalies.were obs.rved in 51.1% of participants. with a higher prevalence in females.(55.3%). The mos. common anomalies.were dias.ema (48.3%), impacted teeth (22.0%), dilaceration (11.9%), and peg-s.aped lateral teeth (6.8%). CONCLUs.ON: This.s.udy highlights.the importance of conducting thorough dental examinations.to identify and addres. dental anomalies. which may have implications.for treatment. Early detection and correction of thes. anomalies.are crucial to prevent future complications.

关键词： Dental Anomalies Prevalence Impacted Teeth Dilaceration

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Towards.s.amles. environmental prediction-development of Pan-Euras.an EXperiment(PEEX)modelling platform

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Big Earth Data 2024年第2期8卷 189-230页

作者： alexander Mahura alexander Baklanov Ris.o Makkonen Michael Boy Tuukka Petäjä Hanna KLappalainen Roman Nuterman Veli-Matti Kerminen s.ephen R.Arnold Markus.Jochum Anatoly s.videnko Igor Es.u Mikhail s.fiev Andreas.s.ohl Tuula Aalto Jianhui Bai Chuchu Chen Yafang Cheng Oxana Drofa Mei Huang Leena Järvi Harri Kokkola Ros.is.av Kouznets.v Tingting Li Piero Malguzzi s.rah Monks.Mads.Bruun Pouls.n s.effen M.Noe Yuliia Palamarchuk Benjamin Foreback Petri Clus.u Till Andreas.s.ya Ras.us.en Jun s.e Jens.Havs.ov s.rens.n Dominick s.racklen Hang s. Juha Tonttila s.wen Wang Jiandong Wang Tobias.Wolf-Gros.e Yongqiang Yu Qing Zhang Wei Zhang Wen Zhang Xunhua Zheng s.qi Li Yong Li Putian Zhou Markku Kulmala Faculty of s.ience Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research(INAR)/PhysicsUniversity of Helsinki(UHEL)HelsinkiFinland s.ience and Innovation Department World Meteorological Organization(WMO)GenevaSwitzerland Niels.Bohr Ins.itute University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Climate s.s.em Res.arch Finnish Meteorological Institute(CSR-FMI)HelsinkiFinland s.hool of Engineering s.iences Lappeenranta University of TechnologyLappeenrantaFinland Ins.itute for Climate and Atmos.heric s.ience School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK Biodivers.ty and Natural Res.urces.Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA)LaxenburgAustria Department of Phys.cs.and Technology UiT-The Arctic University of NorwayTromsoNorway Nans.n Environmental and Remote s.ns.ng Center(NERs.) BergenNorway Atmos.heric Compos.tion Finnish Meteorological Institute(AC-FMI)HelsinkiFinland Norwegian Ins.itute for Air Res.arch(NILU) KjellerNorway LAGEO Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences(IAP-CAS)BeijingChina Max Planck Ins.itute for Chemis.ry(MPI-Chem) MainzGermany Ins.itute of Atmos.heric s.iences.and Climate National Research Council of Italy(CNR-15SAC)BolognaItaly Ins.itute of Geographic s.iences.and Natural Res.urces.Res.arch(IGs.RR) Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)BeijingChina Faculty of s.ience Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science(HELSUS)University of Helsinki(UHEL)HelsinkiFinland Atmos.heric Res.arch Centre of Eas.ern Finland Finnish Meteorological Institute(ARCEF-FMI)KuopioFinland Ins.itute of Atmos.heric Phys.cs Chinese Academy of Sciences(IAP-CAS)BeijingChina Department of Plant Phys.ology Estonian University of Life Sciences(EULS)Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences(IAES)TartuEstonia Danis. Meteorological Ins.itute(DMI) CopenhagenDenmark s.ate Key Laboratory of Atmos.heric Boundary Layer Phys.cs.and Atmos.heric Chemis.ry LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)BeijingChina Uni

The Pan-Euras.an Experiment Modelling Platform(PEEX-MP)is.one of the key blocks.of the PEEX Res.arch *** PEEX MP has.more than 30 models.and is.directed towards.s.amles. envir-onmental *** main focus.area is.the Arctic-boreal regions.and *** models.us.d in PEEX-MP cover s.veral main components.of the Earth’s.s.s.em,s.ch as.the atmos.here,hydros.here,pedos.here and bios.here,and res.lve the phys.calchemicalbiological proces.es.at different s.atial and temporal s.ales.and *** paper introduces.and dis.us.es.PEEX MP multi-s.ale modelling concept for the Earth s.s.em,online integrated,forward/invers.,and s.cioeconomical modelling,and other approaches.with a particular focus.on applications.in the PEEX geographical *** employed high-performance com-puting facilities.capabilities.and PEEX dataflow for modelling res.lts.are *** virtual res.arch platforms.PEEXView,Virtual Res.arch Environment,Web-bas.d Atlas.for handling PEEX modelling and obs.rvational res.lts.are *** over-all approach allows.us.to unders.and better phys.cal-chemicalbiological proces.es.Earth’s.s.s.em interactions.and feedbacks.and to provide valuable information for as.es.ment s.udies.on evaluating ris.s.impact,cons.quences.*** population,envir-onment and climate in the PEEX *** work was.als. one of the las. projects.of *** Zilitinkevich,who pas.ed away on 15 February *** the finalization took time,the paper was.actually s.bmitted in 2023 and we could not argue that the final paper text was.agreed with him.

关键词： Multi-s.ale and-proces.es.modelling concept s.amles. coupling high-performance computing data infras.ructure virtual res.arch platforms

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A novel diagnos.ic gene region for dis.inguis.ing between two pes. fruit flies.Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis.Hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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Ins.ct s.ience 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： Melis.a L.s.arkie Elizabeth V.Fowler alexander M.Piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt David Gopurenko Matt N.Kros.h Frances.a s.rutt Karen F.Arms.rong Hamis. Patrick Mark K.s.hutze Mark J.Blacket Department of Agriculture and Fis.eries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Primary Indus.ries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forens.c s.rvices.Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Pes.-management and Cons.rvation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Bios.curity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis.are morphologically s.milar s.bling pes. fruit fly s.ecies.that pos.es. different biological attributes.geographic dis.ributions.and hos. *** need to differentiate between the two s.ecies.is.critical for accurate pes. s.atus.as.es.ment,management,bios.curity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically s.milar,adults.may be s.parated bas.d on s.btle characters.however,s.me characters.exhibit intras.ecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is.currently no s.ngle molecular marker or rapid diagnos.ic as.ay that can reliably dis.inguis. between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous.s.mples.remain *** we report the firs. molecular marker that can cons.s.ently dis.inguis. between *** and *** diagnos.ic region cons.s.s.of two adjacent s.ngle nucleotide polymorphis.s.s.Ps.within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes.of each s.ecies.are cons.s.ent acros. their dis.ributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation s.s.em(ARMs.PCR as.ay for rapid diagnos.s.of the *** as.ay utilizes.four primers.in multiplex,with two outer univers.l primers.and two internal primers.one des.gned to target two adjacent s.Ps.AA)pres.nt in *** and the other targeting adjacent s.Ps.pres.nt in ***(GG).The as.ay accurately dis.riminates.between the two s.ecies.but their s.P genotypes.are s.ared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this.as.ay is.mos. s.ited to adult diagnos.ics.where s.ecies.confirmation is.neces.ary in determining ambiguous.s.rveillance trap catches.maintaining pure colony lines.and in s.erile Ins.ct Technique management res.ons.s.

关键词： ARMs.PCR colony molecular diagnos.ics pangolin tetra-primer

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