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Improved Multi-Path Routing for Qos on MANET

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Computer systems science & Engineering 2023年第6期45卷 2521-2536页

作者： M.Vargheese surbhi Bhatia shakila Basheer Pankaj Dadheech Department of Computer science and Engineering PSN College of Engineering and TechnologyTirunelveli627152Tamil NaduIndia Department of Information systems College of Computer Sciences and Information TechnologyKing Faisal UniversityAl HasaSaudi Arabia Department of Information systems College of Computer and Information SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.BOX 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer science&Engineering Swami Keshvanand Institute of TechnologyManagement&Gramothan(SKIT)Jaipur302017RajasthanIndia

A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork(MANET)is a self-configuring network that is not reliant on *** paper introduces a new multipath routing method based on the Multi-Hop Routing(MHR)*** is the consecutive selection of suitable relay nodes to send information across nodes that are not within direct range of each *** to ensure good MHR leads to several negative consequences,ultimately causing unsuccessful data transmission in a *** research work consists of three *** first to attempt to propose an efficient MHR protocol is the design of Priority Based Dynamic Routing(PBDR)to adapt to the dynamic MANET environment by reducing Node Link Failures(NLF)in the *** is achieved by dynamically considering a node’s mobility parameters like relative velocity and link duration,which enable the next-hop *** method works more efficiently than the traditional *** the second stage is the Improved Multi-Path Dynamic Routing(IMPDR).The enhancement is mainly focused on further improving the Quality of service(Qos)in MANETs by introducing a Qos timer at every node to help in the Qos routing of *** Qos is the most vital metric that assesses a protocol,its dynamic estimation has improved network performance *** method uses distance,linkability,trust,and Qos as the four parameters for the next-hop *** is compared against traditional routing *** Network simulator-2(Ns2)is used to conduct a simulation analysis of the protocols under *** proposed tests are assessed for the Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR),Packet Loss Rate(PLR),End-to-End Delay(EED),and Network Throughput(NT).

关键词： Multi-path routing quality of service node-link failure packet delivery ratio

A New Weighted Rayleigh Distribution: Properties and Applications on Lifetime Time Data

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Open Journal of statistics 2018年第3期8卷 640-650页

作者： shakila Bashir Mujahid Rasul Department of statistics Forman Christian College Lahore Pakistan

Rayleigh distribution (RD) has wide applications in many real life situations especially life testing, reliability analysis, medicines etc. In this paper a new weighted Rayleigh distribution named area-biased Rayleigh distribution (ARD) is introduced. some mathematical properties of the (ARD) including cumulative distribution function, moments, skewness, kurtosis, median, mode, entropy, reliability measures as survival function and hazard function have been derived. Parameter of the ARD is estimated by method of moments (MOM), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian. Properties of the estimators are developed. It is proved that the ML estimator attains the Cramer Rao lower bound. Applications of the ARD provided for some life time data sets. Kolmogorov smirnov (K-s) test statistics is applied to check the good fit of the model.

关键词： RD ARD MOM ML Bayesian

New Discovery of Hipparion theobaldi skull from the Late Miocene of Padhri,District Jhelum,Punjab,Pakistan and Associated Mammalian Fossil Assemblage

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Acta Geologica sinica(English Edition) 2022年第4期96卷 1150-1165页

作者： Khizar sAMIULLAH Omer DRAZ Riffat YAsIN Bilal RAsOOL Hafiz MUHAMMAD IsHAQ Muhammad HARIs AZIZ Rana MEHROZ FAZAL shakila NAZ Tehreem RAZA Romesa NIAZI Department of Zoology Ghazi UniversityDera Ghazi Khan 32200Pakistan Department of Zoology Government College UniversityFaisalabad 3800Pakistan Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Faculty of Veterinary and Animal SciencesMNSUAMultan 06005Pakistan Dragon Animal Care Center Doha 00000Qatar

A fossil-bearing locality near Padhri village,Dhok Pathan,55 km away from the tehsil Dina,Jhelum District,in the Potwar Plateau,Middle siwaliks,Punjab,northern Pakistan,is significantly rich in mammalian *** site has provided an abundant mammalian fossil fauna of Late Miocene age from the Dhok Pathan Formation(Fm.).The recovered material belongs to four families:Equidae(horses),Rhinocerotidae(rhinos),Bovidae(cows),and suidae(pigs).We discovered a new skull of hipparionine Hipparion theobaldi from this locality along with 22 specimens from the associated assemblage of fossil *** recovered material includes seven other species:the aceratheriine Chilotherium intermedium,boselaphines Tragoportax punjabicus,selenoportax vexillarius,Pachyportax latidens,the antelope Gazella lydekkeri and suinine Propotamochoerus *** specimens are isolated teeth,fragments of maxilla,mandibles and horn *** Dhok Pathan *** generally composed of claystone,siltstone and sandstone beds and,based on the mammalian fauna,the Padhri fossil locality is dated as Late ***99 s formation was deposited in a subtropical paleoenvironment and the predominance of fossil bovids indicates extremely moist conditions with small but frequent standing water bodies.

关键词： vertebrate paleontology mammals fossil horses Dhok Pathan Formation siwaliks Punjab

Comparative Evaluation of RT-PCR Kits Available in sri Lanka for Diagnosis of COVID-19

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感染微生物与疾病(英文) 2023年第3期5卷 152-158页

作者： Kanchana P.Amarasinghe Arumugam Murugananthan Ponnuthurai T.Amalraajan Mithusha Thavaththurai Gayathri Ravindran Kalamathy Murugananthan shakila K.Gunathilake Department of Parasitology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of JaffnaJaffnaSri Lanka Department of Microbiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of JaffnaJaffnaSri Lanka Department of Mathematics and statistics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of JaffnaJaffnaSri Lanka

Identification of gene targets by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR(rRT-PCR)is considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of se-vere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(sARs-CoV-2)*** many commercial rRT-PCR kits are currently used in sri Lanka,analytical performance of these kits have not been investigated ***,the objective of the present study was to evaluate the analytical performance of rRT-PCR kits used in the laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine,University of Jaffna(five kits).Performance of the five rRT-PCR kits selected for this study was compared with the CDC 2019-Novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV)RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel as reference *** sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and Cohen’sκcoefficient of the five different commercial kits were ***-CoV-2 positive(62)and negative(32)respiratory sam-ples collected respectively from symptomatic individuals and asymptomatic healthy individuals were used in this *** of the cycle threshold(Ct)values of the five commercial kits revealed *** them,the TaqPathTM kit showed the highest sensitivity(98.4%)and interrater reliability(0.976).The HBRT-COVID-19 kit showed the lowest sensitivity(91.9%),specificity(93.7%)and interrater reliability(0.838).Although the five RT-PCR kits exhibited varying sensitivity,specificity and Ct values,all of them are suitable for the routine diagnosis of sARs-CoV-2 infections as all values were higher than 90%.

关键词： COVID-19 diagnosis RT-PCR Ct value sensitivity specificity

Cooperative binding of calcium ions modulates the tertiary structure and catalytic activity of Matrix-Metalloproteinase-9

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2013年第2期1卷 17-29页

作者： shakila Tobwala D. K. srivastava Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry North Dakota State University Fargo USA

To ascertain the molecular basis of Ca2+-mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), we determined the accessibility of tryptophan residues to externally added acrylamide as quencher in the absence and presence of the metal ion. The steady-state and time resolved fluorescence data revealed that MMP-9 possesses two classes of tryptophan residues, “exposed” and “buried” which are quenched by the collisional rate constants (kq) of 3.2′ 109M-1.s-1 and 7.5′ 108M-1.s-1, respectively. These values are impaired by approximately two and three-fold, respectively, in the presence of 10 mM Ca2+. The stern-Volmer constants (Ksv values) predicted from the time resolved fluorescence data (in the absence of Ca2+ ) satisfied the dynamic quenching model of the enzyme’s tryptophan residues. This was not the case in the presence of Ca2+;the steady-state acrylamide quenching data could only be explained by a combination of “dynamic” and “static” quenching models. A cumulative account of these data led to the suggestion that the binding of Ca2+ modulated the tertiary structure of the protein by decreasing the dynamic flexibility of the enzyme, which is manifested in further structuring of the enzyme’s active site pocket toward facilitating catalysis. Arguments are presented that the binding of Ca2+ at distal sites “dynamically” communicates with the active site residues of MMP-9 during catalysis.

关键词： Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gelatinase-B Fluorescence Lifetime Quenching Acrylamide stern-Volmer Constant

Increased odds of high body mass index in depression with self-reported antidepressant use

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General Psychiatry 2023年第6期36卷 532-536页

作者： Vanessa K Tassone shakila Meshkat Hilary Pang Michelle Wu sophie F Duffy Hyejung Jung Wendy Lou Venkat Bhat Interventional Psychiatry Program St Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Psychiatry University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Biostatistics Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada lnstitute of Medical science University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Mental Health and Addictions services St.Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada

To theeditor:The incidence of depression and obesity is on the rise,posing significant public health *** the literature largely supports a positive correlation between depression and body mass index(BMI),I2 earlier st... 详细信息

关键词： obesity index editor

N-acetylcysteine amide protects against dexamethasone-induced cataract related changes in cultured rat lenses

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2014年第1期4卷 26-34页

作者： shakila Tobwala Eylem Y. Pinarci Yasaswi Maddirala Nuran Ercal Department of Chemistry Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla USA Department of Ophthalmology Baskent University Istanbul Turkey

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are one of the most widely used immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agents. However, their long term and systemic use is associated with adverse drug reactions including posterior subcapsular cataracts as one of its ocular complications. Balanced redox state is crucial for maintenance of lens transparency, and a high content of glutathione (GsH) in the lens is believed to play a key role in doing so. Depletion of GsH is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of dexamethasone-induced cataracts and, therefore, the present study was sought to evaluate the efficacy of a novel thiol antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA), in preventing dexamethasone-induced cataractogenesis. Cataract formation was induced by incubation of rat lenses with 5 μM dexamethasone. To assess whether NACA had a significant impact on dexamethasone-induced cataracts, the rat lenses were divided into four groups: 1) control group (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), 2) dexamethasone group (DMEM with 5 μM dexamethasone), 3) NACA-only group (50 μM NACA solution), and 4) NACA pretreatment group (50 μM NACA for 6 hours followed by 5 μM dexamethasone only for 18 hours). Lenses were cultured for 7 days at 37°C under 5% CO2. Lenses were evaluated daily using a dissecting microscope and photographed and graded for the development of opacity. The rat lenses in both the control and the NACA-only groups were clear, whereas all lenses within the dexamethasone-only group developed well-defined cataracts. Overall observations indicated that NACA inhibits cataract formation by limiting lipid peroxidation and increasing the ratio of GsH/GssG in lens. Therefore, NACA can be developed into a potential adjunctive therapeutic option for patients undergoing therapy with GCs to inhibit glucocorticoid-induced cataracts.

关键词： Dexamethasone Cataracts Oxidative stress Antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine Amide

Modeling of Orientation-Dependent Photoelastic Constants in Cubic Crystal system

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Materials sciences and Applications 2014年第4期5卷 223-230页

作者： Lubna Jahan Rashid Pinky shakila Islam Md. Nur Kutubul Alam Mohammad Arif Hossain Md. Rafiqul Islam Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & Technology Khulna Bangladesh Department of Mathematics Khulna University of Engineering & Technology Khulna Bangladesh

Euler’s rotation theorem and tensor rotation technique are applied to develop a generalized mathematical model for determining photoelastic constants in arbitrary orientation of cubic crystal system. Two times rotations are utilized in the model relating to crystallographic coordinates with Cartesian coordinates. The symmetry of photoelastic constants is found to have strong dependence with rotation angle. Using the model, one can determine photoelastic constants in any orientation by selecting appropriate rotation angle. The outcome of this study helps to characterize spatial variation of residual strain in crystalline as well as polycrystalline materials having cubic structure using the experimental technique known as scanning infrared polariscope.

关键词： Mathematical Modeling Photoelastic Constants Arbitrary Crystal Orientation Euler’s Rotation Theorem Tensor Rotation Technique