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Adapting the botanical landscape of Melbourne Gardens(Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria)in response to climate change

Plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 338-347页

作者： timothy j.Entwisle Chris Cole Peter Symes Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria

Botanic gardens around the world maintain collections of living plants for science, conservation, education, beauty and more. These collections change over time-in scope and content-but the predicted impacts of climate change will require a more strategic approach to the succession of plant species and their landscapes. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria has recently published a 'Landscape Succession Strategy'for its Melbourne Gardens, a spectacular botanical landscape established in 1846. The strategy recognizes that with 1.6 million visitors each year, responsibility for a heritage-listed landscape and the need to care for a collection of 8500 plant species of conservation and scientific importance, planting and planning must take into account anticipated changes to rainfall and temperature. The trees we plant today must be suitable for the climate of the twenty-second century. Specifically, the Strategy sets out the steps needed over the next twenty years to transition the botanic garden to one resilient to the climate modelled for2090. The document includes a range of practical measures and achievable(and at times somewhat aspirational) targets. Climate analogues will be used to identify places in Australia and elsewhere with conditions today similar to those predicted for Melbourne in 2090, to help select new species for the collection. Modelling of the natural and cultivated distribution of species will be used to help select suitable growth forms to replace existing species of high value or interest. Improved understanding of temperature gradients within the botanic garden, water holding capacity of soils and plant water use behaviour is already resulting in better targeted planting and irrigation. The goal is to retain a similar diversity of species but transition the collection so that by 2036 at least 75% of the species are suitable for the climate in 2090. Over the next few years we hope to provide 100% of irrigation water from sustainable water sources, and

关键词： Climate change Landscape succession Botanic garden Uving collection

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Organization of future training in bariatric gastroenterology

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2017年第35期23卷 6371-6378页

作者： timothy R Koch timothy R Shope Christopher j.Gostout Center for Advanced Laparoscopic General and Bariatric Surgery Med Star Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University School of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic

A world-wide rise in the prevalence of obesity continues. This rise increases the occurrence of, risks of, and costs of treating obesity-related medical conditions. Diet and activity programs are largely inadequate for the long-term treatment of medically-complicated obesity. Physicians who deliver gastrointestinal care after completing traditional training programs, including gastroenterologists and general surgeons, are not uniformly trained in or familiar with available bariatric care. It is certain that gastrointestinal physicians will incorporate new endoscopic methods into their practice for the treatment of individuals with medically-complicated obesity, although the longterm impact of these endoscopic techniques remains under investigation. It is presently unclear whether gastrointestinal physicians will be able to provide or coordinate important allied services in bariatric surgery, endocrinology, nutrition, psychological evaluation and support, and social work. Obtaining longitudinal results examining the effectiveness of this ad hoc approach will likely be difficult, based on prior experience with other endoscopic measures, such as the adenoma detection rates from screening colonoscopy. As a longterm approach, development of a specific curriculum incorporating one year of subspecialty training in bariatrics to the present training of gastrointestinal fellows needs to be reconsidered. This approach should be facilitated by gastrointestinal trainees' prior residency training in subspecialties that provide care for individuals with medical complications of obesity, including endocrinology, cardiology, nephrology, and neurology. Such training could incorporate additional rotations with collaborating providers in bariatric surgery, nutrition, and psychiatry. Since such training would be provided in accredited programs, longitudinal studies could be developed to examine the potential impact on accepted measures of care, such as complication rates, outcomes, and

关键词： Obesity Bariatrics Bariatric surgery Intragastric balloon Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty Nutrition Endoscopy Training

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Potential adaptation of a Q biotype whitefly population from poinsettia to field crops

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Insect Science 2011年第6期18卷 719-728页

作者： Xiangshun Hu timothy j. Dennehy Xinzhi Ni Huiyan Zhao Robert L. Nichols Xianchun Li College of Plant Protection NorthwestA ＆ F University Yangfing Shaanxi Province China Department of Entomology and BI05 Institute University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit Tifton Georgia Cotton Incorporated Cary North Carolina USA

The invasive Q biotype whitefly was first detected in the US on poinsettia in 2004 and is still not a pest outside of greenhouse environments in the US. To assess the potential for the establishment of the Q biotype on field crops, population cage experiments were conducted to compare the performance of a poinsettia-derived Q population named P＇06 on poinsettia and six field crops （alfalfa, tomato, melon, cotton, cowpea and cabbage）. P＇06 adults reared on poinsettia as nymphs laid eggs on all six field crops. Significantly more eggs were laid on alfalfa, tomato, melon and cotton than on cabbage, cowpea and poinsettia. These eggs hatched and the nymphs developed to adults on the six field crops. Relative to poinsettia, whitefly survival was similar on cowpea, alfalfa, tomato and cabbage, but significantly higher on cotton and melon. Moreover, P＇06 had significantly shorter development times from egg to adult on cotton, melon, cowpea, tomato and alfalfa than they did on poinsettia. However, the F1 adults raised on the six field crops had significantly shorter lifespans and laid 11- to 18-fold fewer eggs than did the F1 adults raised on poinsettia. Taken together, while P＇06 may have some potential to establish on field crops, the shorter lifespans and extremely low fectmdities of the F1 adults raised on the six field crops suggests that P＇06 is incapable of rapidly adapting to them. Poor adaptation to field crops may explain, at least partially, why the Q biotype has not established in the US field system.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci host adaptation life history traits population establishment,Q-biotype.

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CityGML goes mobile: application of large 3D CityGML models on smartphones

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International j.urnal of Digital Earth 2019年第1期12卷 25-42页

作者： Christoph Blut timothy Blut j.rg Blankenbach Department of Computing in Civil Engineering and Geo Information Systems Geodetic InstituteRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany

CityGML,a semantic information model for digital/virtual city models has become quite popular in various *** the data format is still actively under development,it is already supported by different software solutions,especially GIS-based desktop *** systems on the other hand are still neglected,even though the georeferenced obj.cts of CityGML have many application fields,for example,in the currently popular area of location-based Augmented *** this paper we present an independent multi-platform CityGML viewer,its architecture and specific implementation techniques that we use to realize and optimize the process of visualizing CityGML data for use in Augmented *** main focus lies in improving the implementation on mobile devices,such as smartphones,and assessing its usability and performance in comparison to web-based *** to the constrained hardware resources of smartphones,it is a particular challenge to handle complex 3D obj.cts and large virtual worlds as provided by CityGML,not only in terms of memory and storage space,but also with respect to mobile processing units and display sizes.

关键词： CityGML city model android 3D visualization real-time rendering

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Changes in feeding selectivity of freshwater invertebrates across a natural thermal gradient

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 231-242页

作者： timothy A. C. GORDON j.ana NETO-CEREj.IRA Paula C. FUREY Eoin j. O'GORMAN Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK Biosciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Stocker Road Exeter EX4 4QD UK Department of Biology Saint Catherine University St Paul MN 55105 USA

Environmental warming places physiological constraints on organisms, which may be mitigated by their feeding behavior. Theory predicts that consumers should increase their feeding selectivity for more energetically valuable resources in warmer environments to offset the disproportionate increase in metabolic demand relative to ingestion rate. This may also result in a change in feeding strategy or a shift towards a more specialist diet. This study used a natural warming experiment to investigate temperature effects on the feeding selectivity of three freshwater invertebrate grazers： the snail Radix balthica, the blackfly larva Simulium aureum, and the midgefly larva Eukiefferiella minor. Chesson＇s Selectivity Index was used to compare the proportional abundance of diatom species in the guts of each invertebrate species with corresponding rock biofilms sampled from streams of different tem- perature. The snails became more selective in warmer streams, choosing high profile epilithic diatoms over other guilds and feeding on a lower diversity of diatom species. The blackfly larvae appeared to switch from active collector gathering of sessile high profile diatoms to more passive filter feeding of motile diatoms in warmer streams. No changes in selectivity were observed for the midgefly larvae, whose diet was representative of resource availability in the environment. These results suggest that key primary consumers in freshwater streams, which constitute a maj.r portion of invertebrate biomass, can change their feeding behavior in warmer waters in a range of different ways. These patterns could potentially lead to fundamental changes in the flow of energy through freshwater food webs.

关键词： climate change global warming diet Lymnaea peregra Simuliidae Chironomidae

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DELIVERING SUSTAINABLE BUILDING PROj.CTS-CHALL ENGES,REALITY AND SUCCESS

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j.urnal of Green Building 2016年第3期11卷 143-161页

作者： Haleh Rasekh timothy j.McCarthy School of Civil Mining and Environmental Engineering University of WollongongWollongongAustralia 2522

This research concerns the delivery of sustainable building *** proj.cts are defined as those which either attempt to achieve green ratings or are claimed to address certain sustainability issues.A key focus is to examine how the client’s vision for sustainability is achieved or compromised by the practicality of *** sustainability rating systems,the Australian Green Star and the Living Building Challenge from the *** *** research examines two proj.cts;one university multipurpose building(SMART Infrastructure Facility);and an advanced research facility,the Sustain-able Buildings Research Centre(SBRC).The methodology used is semi-structured interviews of key participants and stakeholders for the two university *** outcome of this research indicates that environmental rating systems are useful tools to construct reasonably sustainable *** interviewees,however,believe that for their next proj.cts the concern would be to continue to construct sustainable buildings but not necessarily by following the strict criteria and reporting requirements of the environmental rating system.

关键词： sustainable development sustainable building Green Star Living Building Challenge

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Quantitative Applications of Weather Satellite Data for Nowcasting:Progress and Challenges

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j.urnal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 399-413页

作者： j.n LI j.ng ZHENG Bo LI Min MIN Yanan LIU Chian-Yi LIU Zhenglong LI WPaul MENZEL timothy j.schmit j.hn L.CINTINEO Scott LINDSTROM Scott BACHMEIER Yunheng XUE Yayu MA Di DI Han LIN Innovation Centre for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) National Satellite Meteorological CentreChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and EngineeringZhuhai519082China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia SinicaTaipei11529China Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Sensors and Calibration Branch STAR/NESDISMadisonWI53706USA Wuxi University Wuxi214105China School of Computer Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610225China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China

Monitoring and predicting highly localized weather events over a very short-term period,typically ranging from minutes to a few hours,are very important for decision makers and public *** these events usually relies on radar observations through monitoring and *** advanced high-resolution imaging and sounding observations from weather satellites,nowcasting can be enhanced by combining radar,satellite,and other data,while quantitative applications of those data for nowcasting are advanced through using machine learning *** applications include monitoring the location,impact area,intensity,water vapor,atmospheric instability,precipitation,physical properties,and optical properties of the severe storm at different stages(pre-convection,initiation,development,and decaying),identification of storm types(wind,snow,hail,etc.),and predicting the occurrence and evolution of the *** observations can provide information on the environmental characteristics in the preconvection stage and are very useful for situational awareness and storm *** paper provides an overview of recent progress on quantitative applications of satellite data in nowcasting and its challenges,and future perspectives are also addressed and discussed.

关键词： weather satellite quantitative applications nowcasting pre-convection

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The Regional Economic Impacts of Coal Mining: A Case Study of Signal Peak Energy

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Natural Resources 2024年第8期15卷 211-223页

作者： timothy j. Considine School of Energy Resources University of Wyoming Laramie USA

This paper quantifies the regional economic contributions of coal exports from the US using a case study of Signal Peak Energy in Montana. Two methods of estimating economic contributions are compared, contribution and impact analysis. The latter is adopted because the industry impact analysis is more accurate, especially since it is based upon accounting records from Signal Peak. Our estimates of regional economic and fiscal impacts do not vary significantly with the price of coal because we explicitly account for swings in royalty income. Our analysis finds that Signal Peak Energy supports 678 j.bs, over $55 million in tax revenues, more than $90 million in royalties, $111.7 million in value added, and $62.3 million in labor income. Curtailing or halting Signal Peak’s coal production for environmental reasons as some environmental groups have argued would eliminate these economic contributions.

关键词： Coal Regional Economic Exports Fiscal

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Analysis of the design and performance characteristics of pumpable roof supports

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International j.urnal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 91-99页

作者： Batchler timothy NIOSH Office of Mine Safety and Health ResearchPittsburghPA 15236USA

Pumpable roof supports are currently being used to provide a safe working environment for longwall mining. Because different pumpable supports are visually similar and installed fundamentally in the same manner as other supports, there is a tendency to believe they all perform the same way. However, there are several design parameters that can affect their performance, including the cementitious material properties and the bag construction practices that influence the degree of confinement provided. A full understanding of the impact of these design parameters is necessary to optimize the support application and to provide a foundation for making further improvements in the support performance. This paper evaluates the impact of various support design parameters by examining full-scale performance tests conducted using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) Mine Roof Simulator(MRS) as part of manufacturers' developmental and quality control testing. These tests were analyzed to identify correlations between the support design parameters and the resulting performance. Based on more than 160 tests over 7 years, quantifiable patterns were examined to assess the correlation between the support dimensions, cementitious material type, wire pitch, and single-wall vs. dualwalled bag designs to the support capacity, stiffness, load shedding events, and yield characteristics.

关键词： Pumpable Roofsuppo Performance characteristics Secondary support

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Simplified seismic performance assessment and implications for seismic design

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第S1期13卷 95-122页

作者： timothy j.Sullivan David P.Welch Gian Michele Calvi University of Pavia Department of Civil Engineering & ArchitecturePavia 27100Italy European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering Pavia 27100Italy UME School ROSE ProgrammeIUSS Pavia PhD candidate IUSS Pavia Professor

The last decade or so has seen the development of refined performance-based earthquake engineering(PBEE) approaches that now provide a framework for estimation of a range of important decision variables,such as repair costs,repair time and number of casualties. This paper reviews current tools for PBEE,including the PACT software,and examines the possibility of extending the innovative displacement-based assessment approach as a simplified structural analysis option for performance assessment. Details of the displacement-based s+eismic assessment method are reviewed and a simple means of quickly assessing multiple hazard levels is proposed. Furthermore,proposals for a simple definition of collapse fragility and relations between equivalent single-degree-of-freedom characteristics and multi-degree-of-freedom story drift and floor acceleration demands are discussed,highlighting needs for future research. To illustrate the potential of the methodology,performance measures obtained from the simplified method are compared with those computed using the results of incremental dynamic analyses within the PEER performance-based earthquake engineering framework,applied to a benchmark building. The comparison illustrates that the simplified method could be a very effective conceptual seismic design tool. The advantages and disadvantages of the simplified approach are discussed and potential implications of advanced seismic performance assessments for conceptual seismic design are highlighted through examination of different case study scenarios including different structural configurations.

关键词： performance-based earthquake engineering displacement-based assessment seismic assessment

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