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Mountain Pastures and Grasslands in the SW Tien Shan,Kyrgyzstan-Floristic Patterns,Environmental Gradients,Phytogeography,and Grazing Impact

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第3期8卷 363-373页

作者： BORCHARDT Peter schickhoff udo SCHEITWEILER Sabrina KULIKOV Maksim University of Hamburg Institute of Geography

Vast grasslands are found in the walnut-fruit forest region of southern Kyrgyzstan,Middle *** above the worldwide unique walnutfruit forests and used for grazing,they play a pivotal role in the mixed mountain agriculture of local ***,these pastures are subject to an increasing utilization pressure reflecting the changing political and social conditions in the transformation process from a Soviet republic to an independent state.A first detailed analysis of mountain pasture vegetation in the Ferghana Range answers the following questions:What are the main plant community types among Kyrgyzstan's mountain pastures? What are the main environmental gradients that shape their species composition? Which phytogeographical distribution types are predominant? How does grazing affect community composition and species richness in these grasslands? Species composition was classified by cluster analysis;underlying environmental gradients were explored using DCA.A dataset of 395 relevés was used for classification,and a subset of 79 relevés was used in a DCA to analyze the correlation between vegetation,environment,and grazing *** investigated pastures were classified into four distinctive plant *** site factors altitude,heat load,inclination and grazing impact were found to be the major determinants of the vegetation pattern.A significant overlap between floristic composition and structural and spatial properties was *** majority of the species pool consisted of Middle Asian endemics and Eurosiberian ***,disturbance-tolerant species played a significant role with respect to species composition and coverage of the herbaceous layer in vast areas of southern Kyrgyzstan's mountain *** general,an intense grazing impact is clearly reflected by both species composition and structural variables of plant *** highly diverse and unique ecosystem is modified by an increasing utilization *** order to ma

关键词： Central Asia Classification Endemics Gradient Analysis Grazing impact Middle Asia Pasture Management Ruderals Transformation Process Walnut-fruit forest.

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Modelling soil erodibility in mountain rangelands of southern Kyrgyzstan

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Pedosphere 2020年第4期30卷 443-456页

作者： Maksim KULIKOV udo schickhoff Alexander GRONGROFT Peter BORCHARDT Centrum für Erdsystemforschung und Nachhaltigkeit(CEN) Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityInstitute of GeographyUniversity of HamburgHamburg D-20146(Germany) Centrum für Erdsystemforschung und Nachhaltigkeit(CEN) Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityInstitute of Soil ScienceUniversity of HamburgHamburg D-20146(Germany)

Soil erosion in mountain rangelands in Kyrgyzstan is an emerging problem due to vegetation loss caused by overgrazing. It is further exacerbated by mountain terrain and high precipitation values in Fergana range in the south of Kyrgyzstan. The main objective of this study was to map soil erodibility in the mountainous rangelands of Kyrgyzstan. The results of this effort are expected to contribute to the development of soil erodibility modelling approaches for mountainous areas. In this study, we mapped soil erodibility at two sites, both representing grazing rangelands in the mountains of Kyrgyzstan and having potentially different levels of grazing pressure. We collected a total of 232 soil samples evenly distributed in geographical space and feature space. Then we analyzed the samples in laboratory for grain size distribution and calculated soil erodibility values from these data using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) K-factor formula. After that, we derived different terrain indices and ratios of frequency bands from ASTER GDEM and LANDSAT images to use as auxiliary data because they are among the main soil forming factors and widely used for prediction of various soil properties. Soil erodibility was significantly correlated with channel network base level (geographically extrapolated altitude of water channels), remotely sensed indices of short-wave infrared spectral bands, exposition, and slope degree. We applied multiple regression analysis to predict soil erodibility from spatially explicit terrain and remotely sensed indices. The final soil erodibility model was developed using the spatially explicit predictors and the regression equation and then improved by adding the residuals. The spatial resolution of the model was 30 m, and the estimated mean adjusted coefficient of determination was 0.47. The two sites indicated different estimated and predicted means of soil erodibility values (0.035 and 0.039) with a 0.05 significance level, which i

关键词： channel network base level K-factor LANDSAT RUSLE soil enhancement ratio soil mapping slope terrain

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Rangeland degradation assessment in Kyrgyzstan:vegetation and soils as indicators of grazing pressure in Naryn Oblast

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第9期13卷 1567-1583页

作者： HOPPE Franziska ZHUSUI KYZY Taalaigul USUPBAEV Adilet schickhoff udo CEN Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability Institute of Geography Laboratory of "Flora" Institute for Biology and Pedology National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic

Rangelands occupy more than 80% of the agricultural land in Kyrgyzstan. At least 30% of Kyrgyz pasture areas are considered to be subject to vegetation and soil degradation. Since animal husbandry is the economic basis to sustain people＇s livelihoods, rangeland degradation presents a threat for the majority of the population. We present for the first time an ecological assessment of different pasture types in a remote area of the Naryn Oblast, using vegetation and softs as indicators of rangeland conditions. We analysed the current degree of utilization （grazing pressure）, the amount of biomass, soil samples, and vegetation data, using cluster analysis as well as ordination techniques. Winter pastures （kyshtoo） are characterized by higher pH values （average of 7.27） and lower organic matter contents （average of 12.83%） compared to summer pastures （dzailoo） with average pH values of 6.03 and average organic matter contents of 21.05%. Additionally, summer pastures show higher above- ground biomass, and higher species richness and diversity. Our results support the hypothesis that winter pastures, which are located near settlements, suffer from over-utilisation, while the more distant summer pastures are subjected to much lower grazing pressure,

关键词： Alpine meadows Alpine steppes Animalhusbandry Classification Grazing management Montane pastures Ordination Plant communities

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Grazing impact on forage quality and macronutrient content of rangelands in Qilian Mountains, NW China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第1期16卷 43-53页

作者： Alina BARANOVA Jens OLDELAND WANG Shun-li udo schickhoff CEN Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability Institute of Geography University of Hamburg Biodiversity Ecology and Evolution of Plants Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden University of Hamburg Academy of Water Resource Conservation Forest of Qilian Mountains (AWRCFQM)

An important indicator of the rangeland health, associated with land degradation, is the ability of semi-natural rangelands to provide forage of sufficient quality for livestock production. In Qilian Mountains(Gansu Province, NW China) biomass production and forage quality are dependent on the seasonality of precipitation and temperature; most of the precipitation falls during summer season, when sheep, goats and yaks graze mountain rangelands. To sustain the rangelands and to improve the management strategies, the assessment of the forage quality should be implemented. The purpose of this research was to study the response of biomass, forage quality and macronutrient content different levels of grazing intensity in Qilian rangelands. We sampled aboveground biomass in the growing seasons in 2012 and 2013 within spring/autumn or summer grazing regimes in two altitudinal zones below and above 3000 m a.s.l.(montane-subalpine and subalpine-alpine respectively). In order to estimate forage quality, biomass was sampled in 1 m × 1 m plots, assigned to the center of 10 ×10 m sites, fromwhich we collected different indicator parameters of rangeland health. Mineral and fiber content of forage biomass was estimated under different levels of grazing intensity with regard to the growing period. It was found that an increase in grazing intensity led to a decrease in dry matter weight. No linearity was observed in the relationship between nutritive value and grazing intensity. The highest fiber content(59.20 %) was found in plots mostly disturbed by grazing. The highest protein(16.30 %) and the lowest fiber(51.30 %) contents were associated with slightly grazing intensity. Concentrations of the mineral elements, such as Zn, P, K and S varied significantly and showed maximum values under low grazing intensity.

关键词： Grazing intensity Nutritive value Forage quality Mineral concentrations Alpine,Subalpine pastures

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Decreasing nutrient concentrations in soils and trees with increasing elevation across a treelineecotone in Rolwaling Himal, Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第5期14卷 843-858页

作者： Simon DROLLINGER Michael MULLER Timo KOBL Niels SCHWAB Jurgen BOHNER udo schickhoff Thomas SCHOLTEN Geoecology Department of Geography and Regional Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria Soil Science and Geomorphology Department of Geosciences Uniuersity of Tubingen Tubingen Germany CEN Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability Institute of Geography University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany

At a global scale, tree growth in alpine treeline ecotones is limited by low temperatures. At a local scale, however, tree growth at its upper limit depends on multiple interactions of influencing factors and mechanisms. The aim of our research was to understand local scale effects of soil properties and nutrient cycling on tree growth limitation, and their interactions with other abiotic and biotic factors in a near-natural Himalayan treeline ecotone. Soil samples of different soil horizons, litter, decomposition layers, and foliage samples of standing biomass were collected in four altitudinal zones along three slopes, and were analysed for exchangeable cations and nutrient concentrations, respectively. Additionally, soil and air temperature, soil moisture, precipitation, and tree physiognomy patterns were evaluated. Both soil nutrients and foliar macronutrient concentrations of nitrogen(N), magnesium(Mg), potassium(K), and foliar phosphorus(P) decrease significantly with elevation. Foliar manganese(Mn) concentrations, bycontrast, are extraordinarily high at high elevation sites. Potential constraining factors on tree growth were identified using multivariate statistical approaches. We propose that tree growth, treeline position and vegetation composition are affected by nutrient limitation, which in turn, is governed by low soil temperatures and influenced by soil moisture conditions.

关键词： Foliar nutrients Himalaya Nitrogen Nutrient cycling Podzol Treeline

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Implications of tree species–environment relationships for the responsiveness of Himalayan krummholz treelines to climate change

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第3期14卷 453-473页

作者： Niels SCHWAB udo schickhoff Birgit BURZLE Michael MULLER Jurgen BOHNER Ram Prasad CHAUDHARY Thomas SCHOLTEN Jens OLDELAND CEN Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability Institute of GeographyUniversity of HamburgBundesstrafle 5520146 HamburgGermany Department of Geosciences Chair of Soil Science and CeomorphologyUniversity of TübingenGermany Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology&Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityNepal Biocentre Klein Flottbek University of HamburgOhnhorststr.1822609 HamburgGermany

Climate warming is expected to advance treelines to higher elevations. However, empirical studies in diverse mountain ranges give evidence of both advancing alpine treelines as well as rather insignificant responses. In this context, we aim at investigating the sensitivity and responsiveness of the near-natural treeline ecotone in Rolwaling Himal, Nepal, to climate warming. We analysed population densities of tree species along the treeline ecotone from closed forest stands via the krummholz belt to alpine dwarf shrub heaths （3700-4200 m） at 50 plots in 2013 and 2014. We quantified species - environment relationships, i.e. the change of environmental conditions （e.g., nutrient and thermal deficits, plant interactions） across the ecotone by means of redundancy analyses, variation partitioning and distance-based Moran＇s eigenvector maps. In particular, we focus on explaining the high competitiveness of Rhododendron campanulatum forming a dense krummholz belt and on the implications for the responsiveness of Himalayan krummholz treelines to climate change. Results indicate that treeline trees in the ecotone show species-specific responses to the influence of environmental parameters, and that juvenile and adult tree responses are modulated by environmental constraints in differing intensity. Moreover, the species - environment relationships suggest that the investigated krummholz belt will largely prevent the upward migration of other tree constrain the future response species and thus of Himalayan krummholz treelines to climate warming.

关键词： Himalaya Nepal Population structure Rhododendron campanulatum Spatial patterns Species-environment relationships Stand density Variation partitioning

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