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Nanoindentation and Wear Characteristics of Al 5083/siC_p Nanocomposites synthesized by High Energy Ball Milling and spark Plasma sintering

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2012年第11期28卷 969-975页

作者： sivaiah Bathula saravanan M Ajay Dhar Metals and Alloys Group Materials Physics and Engineering Division CSIR-National Physical Laboratory

AI 5083//10 wt% siCp nano composites have been synthesized by means of high energy ball milling followed by spark plasma sintering （sPs）. Nano composites produced via this method exhibited near-theoretical density while retaining the nano-grained features. X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis indicated that the crystalline size of the ball milled AI 5083 matrix was observed to be～25 nm and it was coarsened up to～30 nm after sPs. Nano indentation results of nano composites demonstrated a high hardness of～280 HV with an elastic modulus of 126 GPa. Wear and friction characteristics with addition of siCp reinforcement exhibited significant improvement in terms of coefficient of friction and specific wear rate to that of nano structured AI 5083 alloy. The reduction in specific wear rate in the nanocomposite was mainly due to the change of wear mechanism from adhesive to abrasive wear with the addition of siCp which resulted in high hardness associated with nano-grained microstructure.

关键词： Metal matrix nano composites Friction/wear Mechanical properties Highresolution transmission electron microscopy spark plasma sintering Nanoindentation

Revisiting cerebral endothelial cells in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2911-2912页

作者： Amira s.Hanafy Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital BonnBonnGermany

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by slow and progressive decline of cognitive and memory *** only approximately 5%of the cases,AD is familial,as often predisposed by genetic mutations(Hoogmartens et al.,2021),while sporadic AD accounts for approximately 95%of the *** amyloid cascade hypothesis is one of the fundamental hypotheses put out to explain AD pathogenesis as dysregulated homeostasis of amyloid-β(Aβ)peptides that leads to the accumulation of Aβplaques in the parenchyma,an anatomical hallmark of AD.

关键词： Alzheimer Aβ cerebral

Emerging structures and dynamic mechanisms ofγ-secretase for Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 174-180页

作者： Yinglong Miao Michael s.Wolfe Computational Medicine Program and Department of Pharmacology University of North Carolina–Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA

γ-secretase,called“the proteasome of the membrane,”is a membrane-embedded protease complex that cleaves 150+peptide substrates with central roles in biology and medicine,including amyloid precursor protein and the Notch family of cell-surface *** inγ-secretase and amyloid precursor protein lead to early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease.γ-secretase has thus served as a critical drug target for treating familial Alzheimer’s disease and the more common late-onset Alzheimer’s disease as ***,critical gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms of processive proteolysis of substrates,the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,and allosteric modulation of substrate cleavage byγ-*** this review,we focus on recent studies of structural dynamic mechanisms ofγ-*** mechanisms,including the“Fit-stay-Trim,”“sliding-Unwinding,”and“Tilting-Unwinding,”have been proposed for substrate proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein byγ-secretase based on all-atom molecular dynamics *** an incorrect registry of the Notch1 substrate was identified in the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Notch1-boundγ-secretase,molecular dynamics simulations on a resolved model of Notch1-boundγ-secretase that was reconstructed using the amyloid precursor protein-boundγ-secretase as a template successfully capturedγ-secretase activation for proper cleavages of both wildtype and mutant Notch,being consistent with biochemical experimental *** approach could be potentially applied to decipher the processing mechanisms of various substrates byγ-*** addition,controversy over the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,particularly the issue of whether they stabilize or destabilizeγ-secretase-substrate complexes,is ***,an outlook is provided for future studies ofγ-secretase,including pathways of substrate binding and product release,effects of modulators on familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid precursor protein cryo-EM structures drug design intramembrane proteolysis molecular dynamics Notch

Complementary roles of glial cells in generating region-specific neuroinflammatory responses and phagocytosis in Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2917-2918页

作者： Leyre Ayerra Maria s.Aymerich Universidad de Navarra Facultad de CienciasDepartamento de Bioquímica y GenéticaPamplonaSpain CIMA-Universidad de Navarra PamplonaSpain IdisNA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraPamplonaSpain

Neuroinflammation is associated with Parkinson’s disease:Reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation are hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease(PD),a multisystem neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic *** has long been considered a mere consequence of neuronal loss,but whether it promotes PD or is a key player in disease progression remains to be *** leukocyte antigen.

关键词： inflammation leukocyte generating

Review on the phosphate-based conversion coatings of magnesium and its alloys

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第7期29卷 1435-1452页

作者： Debasis saran Atul Kumar sivaiah Bathula David Klaumünzer Kisor K sahu school of Minerals Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology BhubaneswarBhubaneswar 752050India Group Innovation(COI Battery-Metals) Volkswagen AGWolfsburg 38440Germany Virtual and Augmented Reality Centre of Excellence(VARCOE) Indian Institute of Technology BhubaneswarBhubaneswar 752050India

Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys are lightweight as well as biocompatible and possess a high strength-to-weight ratio,making them suitable for many industries,including aerospace,automobile,and *** major challenge is their high susceptibility to corrosion,thereby limiting their *** considerably lower reduction potential of Mg compared to other metals makes it vulnerable to galvanic *** oxide layer on Mg offers little corrosion resistance because of its high porosity,inhomogeneity,and *** conversion coatings(CCs)belong to a distinct class because of underlying chemical reactions,which are fundamentally different from other types of ***,a CC acts as an intermediate sandwich layer between the base metal and an aesthetic *** chromate CCs offer superior performance compared to phosphate CCs,yet still they release carcinogenic hexavalent chromium ions(Cr^(6+));therefore,their use is prohibited in most European nations under the Registration,Evaluation,Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals legislation ***-based CCs are a cost-effective and environment-friendly ***,this review primarily focuses on different types of phosphate-based CCs,such as zinc,calcium,Mg,vanadium,manganese,and *** discusses their mechanisms,current status,pretreatment practices,and the influence of various parameters-such as pH,temperature,immersion time,and bath composition-on the coating *** challenges associated with phosphate CCs and future research directions are also elaborated.

关键词： phosphate conversion coatings magnesium alloys corrosion zinc phosphate conversion coatings calcium phosphate conversion coatings magnesium phosphate conversion coatings

Enhanced thermoelectric performance in p-type ZrCosb based half-Heusler alloys employing nanostructuring and compositional modulation

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Journal of Materiomics 2019年第1期5卷 94-102页

作者： Nagendra s.Chauhan sivaiah Bathula Avinash Vishwakarma Ruchi Bhardwaj Kishor Kumar Johari Bhasker Gahtori Ajay Dhar Academy of scientific&Innovative Research(AcsIR) CSIR-National Physical LaboratoryNew Delhi 110012India Division of Advanced Materials and Devices Metrology CSIR-National Physical LaboratoryDr.K.S.Krishnan MargNew Delhi 110012India

ZrCosb based half-Heusler(HH)alloys have been widely studied as a p-type thermoelectric(TE)material for power generation applications in the mid-temperature ***,their intrinsically high thermal conductivity has been found to be detrimental for the improvement in their thermoelectric figure-of-merit(ZT),which presently is far below *** the current work,a state-of-the-art ZT~1.1 at 873 K was realized in an optimized composition of nanostructured Zr1-xHfxCosb_(0.9)sn_(0.1) HH alloys by employing compositional modulation ***-by-grain compositional variations,which leads to a substantial increase in its power factor coupled with a concurrent decrease in its thermal *** reduction in the phonon mean-free-path is observed on Hf substitution,which is comparable to the average crystallite size(~25 nm),thus leading to a very low thermal conductivity of~2.2Wm^(-1)K^(-1) at 873 K,which is amongst the lowest reported in HH *** TE device characteristics,estimated using cumulative temperature dependence model for quantitative evaluation of TE performance,yielded an output power density of~10 Wcm2 with a leg efficiency of~10%in the optimized composition of nanostructured Zr_(1-x)Hf_(x)Cosb_(0.9)sn_(0.1) HH alloys,which is comparable to the reported efficiencies of other state-of-the-art TE materials.

关键词： Half Heuslers Iso-electronic Waste heat recovery Mid-temperature Efficiency Compositional modulation

Controversies in fecal incontinence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第3期31卷 113-119页

作者： Andreia Albuquerque satish s C Rao school of Medicine and Biomedical sciences Fernando Pessoa UniversityGondomar 4420-096PortoPortugal Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management Research Group RIsE@CI-IPO(Health Research Network) Portuguese Oncology Institute of PortoPorto 4200-072Portugal Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineAugusta UniversityAugustaGA 30912United States

Fecal incontinence is a common condition that can significantly impact patients’quality of *** anal sphincter injury and anorectal surgeries are common *** ultrasound and anorectal manometry are important diagnostic tools for evaluating *** are various treatment options,including diet,lifestyle modifications,drugs,biofeedback therapy,tibial and sacral nerve neuromodulation therapy,and *** this editorial,we will discuss current controversies and novel approaches to fecal *** for asymptomatic anal sphincter defects after obstetric anal sphincter injury and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is not generally recommended,but may be helpful in selected *** Garg incontinence score is a new score that includes the assessment of solid,liquid,flatus,mucous,stress and urge fecal *** tests such as translumbosacral anorectal magnetic stimulation and novel therapies such as translumbosacral neuromodulation therapy are promising diagnostic and treatment options,for both fecal incontinence and *** biofeedback therapy can overcome some limitations of the office-based *** muscle-derived cell implantation of the external anal sphincter has been further studied as a possible treatment *** neuromodulation may be useful in scleroderma,congenital fecal incontinence and inflammatory bowel disease but merits further study.

关键词： Fecal incontinence Endoanal ultrasound Anal sphincter defects Biofeedback Neuropathy sacral neuromodulation

A systematic review of progenitor survival and maturation in Parkinsonian models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3172-3178页

作者： Giulia Comini Eilís Dowd Pharmacology&Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Center University of GalwayGalwayIreland

stem cell-based brain repair is a promising emergent therapy for Parkinson's disease based on years of foundational research using human fetal donors as a cell *** current therapeutic options for patients,this approach has the potential to provide longterm stem cell–derived reconstruction and restoration of the dopaminergic input to denervated regions of the brain allowing for restoration of certain functions to *** ultimate clinical success of stem cell–derived brain repair will depend on both the safety and efficacy of the approach and the latter is dependent on the ability of the transplanted cells to survive and differentiate into functional dopaminergic neurons in the Parkinsonian *** the pre-clinical literature suggests that there is considerable variability in survival and differentiation between studies,the aim of this systematic review was to assess these parameters in human stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitor transplant studies in animal models of Parkinson's disease.A defined systematic search of the PubMed database was completed to identify relevant studies published up to March *** screening,76 articles were included in the analysis from which 178 separate transplant studies were *** these,graft survival could be assessed in 52 studies and differentiation in 129 ***,we found that graft survival ranged froms transplanted,with a median of 51%of transplanted cells surviving in the brain;while dopaminergic differentiation of the cells ranged from 0% to 46% of cells transplanted with a median of 3%.This systematic review suggests that there is considerable scope for improvement in the differentiation of stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors to maximize the therapeutic potential of this approach for patients.

关键词： cell replacement therapy differentiation embryonic stem cells graft induced pluripotent stem cells Parkinson's disease survival transplant

Deciphering the mechanobiology of microglia in traumatic brain injury with advanced microsystems

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2304-2306页

作者： Anthony Procès sylvain Gabriele Univ.Grenoble Alpes InsermU1216Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance Mechanobiology&Biomaterials Group CIRMAPResearch Institute for BiosciencesUniversity of MonsMonsBelgium

Advanced microsystems in traumatic brain injury research:Traumatic brain injury(TBI)results from a mechanical insult to the brain,leading to neuronal and axonal damage and subsequently causing a secondary *** minutes ... 详细信息

关键词： traumatic injury damage