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Bats and their vital ecosystem services:a global review

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 2-23页

作者： Leidy Azucena raMÍREZ-FRÁNCEL Leidy Viviana GARCÍA-HERREra sergio LOsADA-prado Gladys REINOsO-FLÓREZ Alfonso sÁNCHEZ-HERNÁNDEZ sergio Es.raDA-VILLEGAs Burton KLIM Giovany GUEVAra Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas&Grupo de Investigación en Zoología(GIZ) Facultad de CienciasUniversidad del TolimaIbaguéColombia Programa para la Conservación de los Murciélagos de Colombia BogotáD.C.Colombia Departamento de Biología&Grupo de Investigación en Zoología(GIZ) Facultad de CienciasUniversidad del TolimaIbaguéColombia Departamento de Matemáticas y Estadística Facultad de CienciasUniversidad del TolimaIbaguéColombia Yale school of the Environment Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA smithsonian Tropical Research Institute BalboaRepublic of Panama Department of Natural History Royal Ontario MuseumTorontoOntarioCanada

Bats play crucial ecosystem services as seed dispersers,pollinators,controllers of insects,and nutrient ***,there has not been a thorough global review evaluating these roles in bats across all biogeographical regions of the *** reviewed the literature published during the last two decades and identified 283 relevant studies:78 dealt with the control of potential insect pests by bats,80 related to the suppression of other arthropods,60 on the dispersal of native or endemic seeds,11 dealt with the dispersal of seeds of introduced plants,29 on the pollination of native or endemic plants,1 study on pollination of introduced plants,and 24 on the use of guano as *** literature search showed that queries combining the terms“seed dispersal,”“insectivorous bats,”“nectarivorous bats,”“use of guano,”and“ecosystem services”returned 577 studies,but half were experimental in *** found that the evaluation of ecosystem services by bats has been mostly conducted in the Neotropical and Palearctic *** detect differences across relevant studies,and to explain trends in the study of ecosystem services provided by bats,we performed generalized linear mixed models(GLMM)fitted with a Poisson distribution to analyze potential differences among sampling *** identified 409 bat species that provide ecosystem services,752 insect species consumed by bats and 549 plant species either dispersed or pollinated by *** review summarizes the importance of conserving bat populations and the ecological services they provide,which is especially important during the current pandemic.

关键词： chiroptera ecosystem services frugivory,guano,insectivory nectarivory pest control pollination seed dispersal

Influence of sugarcane Bagasse Fiber size on Biodegradable Composites of Thermoplastic starch

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第2期6卷 176-182页

作者： Bruno Henrique dos santos Karen de souza do prado Asaph Armando Jacinto Marcia Aparecida da silva spinace Federal University of ABC Center of Natural and Human SciencesAv.dos Estados5001Santa Terezinha09.210-170 Santo AndréSão PauloBrazil

Although thermoplastic starch(TPs)is biodegradable,its low mechanical resistance limits its wide *** bagasse(sB)fibers can be used as reinforcement in TPs matrix composites,but the influence of fiber size on the properties of the composite is still *** this study,TPs composites reinforced with sB short fibers of four sizes were processed and characterized in order to analyze the influence of fiber size on the mechanical properties of the TPs/sB *** was observed that the interaction between fiber and matrix was good and optimized when the fibers are sifted in sieves between 30 and 50 mesh,obtaining fibers with average length of 1569±640μm and average diameter of 646±166μ*** these composites,increases of more than 660%in the modulus and more than 100%in the maximum tension were verified when compared to the pure TPs.

关键词： sugarcane bagasse thermoplastic starch composite fiber size

Effects of soluble silicate and Nanosilica Application on Rice Nutrition in an Oxisol

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Pedosphere 2018年第4期28卷 597-606页

作者： Rita de Cassia FELIX ALVAREZ Renato de Mello prado Guilherme FELIsBERTO Angelica Cristina FERNANDEs DEUs.raimundo Leonardo LIMA DE OLIVEIra Federal University of Mato Grosso do sul Chapadao do Sul 79560-000 (Brazil) University of the state of sao Paulo UNESP School of Agronomic Sciences Department of Soils and Fertilizers Jaboticabal 14884-900 (Brazil)

silicon （si） has been supplied to plants via application of calcium silicate to soil; however, high doses of calcium silicate are required because of its low solubility. Nanoparticles can reduce si doses and be applied to seeding furrows. This study investigated the effects of liquid si sources, i.e., highly soluble silicate （115.2 g L^-1 si and 60.5 g L^-1 Na20） and nanosilica （〈 200 nm）, on si uptake by rice plants, plant lignification, plant C：N：P stoichiometry, plant physiology, and grain yield using an Oxisol under greanhouse condistions. The treatments included the application of nanosilica and soluble silicate to seeding furrows at si doses of 0, 605, 1210, and 2 420 g ha^-1. Plant uptake and treatment effects were evaluated by measuring C and lignin contents, si, N, and P accumulation, physiological characteristics, and grain yield of rice. The deposition of silica bodies and amorphous silica in the flag leaves was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Application of liquid si increased si accumulation in rice by 47.3% in relation to the control （0 g ha^-1 si）, regardless of the si sources used. Nanosilica application increased leaf lignin content by 112.7% when compared to that in the control. silicon moderately affected the net C assimilation （increased by 1.83%） and transpiration rates （increased by 48.3%）; however, si influenced neither plant growth nor grain yield of rice. These results are explained by the lack of biotic or abiotic stress in rice plants during the experiment. To the best of our knowledge, in Brazilian agriculture, this is the first report on the use of nanosilica as a si fertilizer and its effect on plant nutrition. This study provides evidence that rice plants absorb and accumulate nanoparticles; however, further studies are required to investigate the use of nanoparticles in other plant species.

关键词： C:N:P stoichiometry grain yield leaf lignin net C assimilation plant physiology silicon source

Resistance of full-scale beams against close-in *** modeling and field tests

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第10期40卷 35-47页

作者： A.prado A.Alañón R.Castedo A.P.santos L.M.López M.Chiquito M.Bermejo C.Oggeri Escuela Politécnica superior dé Avila Universidad de SalamancaÁvila05003Spain E.T.s.I.Minas y Energía Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadrid28003Spain Department of Engineering Aviation and TechnologySaint Louis UniversityMadrid28003Spain Department of Environment Land and Infrastructure Engineering(DIATI)Politecnico di TorinoTorino10129Italy

This paper explores the performances of a finite element simulation including four concrete models applied to a full-scale reinforced concrete beam subjected to blast loading. Field test data has been used to compare model results for each case. The numerical modelling has been, carried out using the suitable code Ls-DYNA. This code integrates blast load routine(CONWEP) for the explosive description and four different material models for the concrete including: Karagozian & Case Concrete, Winfrith, Continuous surface Cap Model and Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma models, with concrete meshing based on 10, 15, and 20 mm. six full-scale beams were tested: four of them used for the initial calibration of the numerical model and two more tests at lower scaled distances. For calibration, field data obtained employing pressure and accelerometers transducers were compared with the results derived from the numerical simulation. Damage surfaces and the shape of rupture in the beams have been used as references for comparison. Influence of the meshing on accelerations has been put in evidence and for some models the shape and size of the damage in the beams produced maximum differences around 15%. In all cases, the variations between material and mesh models are shown and discussed.

关键词： Blast test Numerical simulation Ls-DYNA Concrete model Mesh effect Full-scale beams

Potential of Bamboo species Guadua trinii and Guadua angustifolia for Nanocellulose Production

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第9期12卷 1541-1555页

作者： Agatha E.R.prado Gárate Fernando E.Felissia María Cristina Area Teresa suirezs María Evangelina Vallejos Círculo de Investigación del Bambú Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina(UNALM)Lima15026Perú Instituto de Materiales de Misiones(IMAM) Universidad Nacional de Misiones(UNaM)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias ExactasQuímicas y Naturales(FCEQYN)Programa de Celulosa y Papel(PROCyP)Posadas3300Argentina Instituto de Materiales de Misiones(IMAM) Universidad Nacional de Misiones(UNaM)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Forestales(FCF)Eldorado3380Argentina

Non-traditional lignocellulosic materials are a significant resource for producing high-value products,including *** work studied the nanocellulose obtention from chemical pulps of the two fast-growing bamboo species,Guadua trinii,and Guadua *** pulps were produced by soda-anthraquinone(s)pulping from both autohydrolysis-pretreated(H)and unpretreated bamboo ***-pretreated(sHP)and unpretreated soda-anthraquinone(AQ)(sP)pulps were characterized by yield,Kappa number,alpha,beta,and gamma cellulose,degree of polymerization,water retention value,and *** nanocellulose was produced by a sequential chemical oxidation treatment(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl,TEMPO reagent)and mechanical *** was characterized by carboxylic group content and *** results revealed that autohydrolysis pretreatment resulted in a higher hemicelluloses extraction in *** contrast,the pulping yield of unpretreated samples was higher for ***,and the soda-AQ pulps from this species exhibited better delignification than the autohydrolysis-pretreated *** crystallinity index values of the obtained pulps were high(>80%),and the alpha-cellulose contents were *** viscosities of the aqueous nanocellulose suspensions were higher for the nanocellulose solutions obtained from the unpretreated soda-AQ ***,nanocellulose from *** unpretreated soda-AQ pulps had a higher rate of carboxylic *** results of this work are significant in assessing the potential of both bamboo species as a source of high-value products within the biorefinery framework because the viscosities of the aqueous nanocellulose suspensions depend on the size and shape of *** has significant importance for industrial unit operations and potential applications.

关键词： Natural fiber Guadua angustifolia Guadua trinii soda-anthraquinone pulp nanocellulose

A quantitative microplasticity-based approach to rationalize the poor strengthening response of polycrystalline Mg alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第5期11卷 1656-1671页

作者： X.Z.Jin W.C.Xu D.B.shan B.Guo B.Jin M.T.Pérez-prado National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals&school of Materials science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001PR China IMDEA Materials Institute C/Eric Kandel2GetafeMadrid 28906Spain Advanced Composites simulation Lab University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089U.S.A M.C.Gill Composites Center University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089U.S.A

This work aims to understand the inefficiency of nanoprecipitates to strengthen a weakly textured,polycrystalline Mg-Gd-Y-Zr *** experimental micromechanical approach consisting on micropillar compression combined with analytical electron microscopy is put in place to analyze the effect of nanoprecipitation on soft and hard basal slip and twinning in individual grains with different *** study shows that,in grains that are favorably oriented for basal slip(“soft”basal slip),aging leads to extreme localization due to the ability of basal dislocations to shear the nanoparticles,resulting overall in the softening of basal ***,in grains in which the c-axis is almost perpendicular to the compression axis,prismatic slip dominates deformation in the solid solution state and nanoprecipitation favors twinning due to the concomitant lattice solute ***,in grains oriented with their c-axis making an angle of about 5-7°with respect to the compression axis,which deform mainly by“hard”basal slip,precipitation leads to the strengthening of basal systems in the absence of obvious *** work reveals that the poor hardening response of the polycrystalline alloy is related to the capability of basal dislocations to shear the nanoparticles,in the absence of Orowan looping events,and to the associated basal slip localization.

关键词： Magnesium Precipitation Basal slip Particle shearing slip localization

在GEM检索记录中挖掘学习课件词汇的使用状况(英文)

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现代图书情报技术 2006年第1期 44-46,9页

作者：秦健 Javier Calzada prado school of Information studies s.racuse University UsA Departamento de Biblioteconomía y Documentacin UniversidadCarlos III de Madrid

元数据的应用需要开发适于所应用主题领域的规范词表来满足用户的检索需求,但目前对用户用什么词来进行查找却知之甚少。为了了解数字化教育图书馆用户在检索中使用什么样的词来进行查找,本文作者利用检索记录挖掘的方法来进行研究。在... 详细信息

元数据的应用需要开发适于所应用主题领域的规范词表来满足用户的检索需求,但目前对用户用什么词来进行查找却知之甚少。为了了解数字化教育图书馆用户在检索中使用什么样的词来进行查找,本文作者利用检索记录挖掘的方法来进行研究。在初步分析了40多万条检索记录中所含的100多万个检索词之后,作者重点分析了规范词在检索中被用户使用的情况,并且对比分析了哪些非规范词被用户使用。作者发现用户在查找信息的过程中对规范词的使用频率大大超过了对非规范词的使用频率。对非规范词使用的进一步分析不仅可以提供补充更新规范词的来源,而且也可以为分析规范词和非规范词之间建立对应的语义关系提供重要的信息来源。

关键词：教育元数据规范词表检索记录分析数据挖掘

Expanding the Boundaries of the Chemical space of DNA Methyltransferase 1 Modulators

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Computational Molecular Bioscience 2024年第1期14卷 1-16页

作者： Massyel s. Martínez-Cortés Diana L. prado-Romero José L. Medina-Franco DIFACQUIM Research Group Department of Pharmacy School of Chemistry Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Avenida Universidad 3000 Mexico City México

DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), one of the main epigenetic targets, is involved in the duplication of the DNA methylation pattern during replication, and it is essential for proper mammalian development. small molecule DNMT1 modulators are attractive for biochemical epigenetic studies and have the potential to become drugs. so far, more than five hundred small molecules have been reported as DNMT1 inhibitors. However, only a limited number of DNMT1 activators have been disclosed because, at least in part, DNMT1 activators are typically regarded as negative data in virtual screening campaigns or optimization projects. This manuscript aims to report the chemical structures and biological activity of small molecules that increase the enzymatic activity of DNMT1. Results of the biochemical experimental assays are discussed. It was found that small molecule activators have a large variety of chemical scaffolds but share pharmacophore features. Visual analysis of the chemical space and multiverse based on molecular fingertips supported that activators are structurally diverse. This is the first report of eight small molecules that increase the enzymatic activity of DNMT1 by more than 400% in an enzymatic-based assay. The outcome warrants further investigation of the epigenetic activity of the compounds in a counter-screen assay, e.g., cell-based and in vivo context.

关键词： Chemical Multiverse Chemoinformatics Epigenetics Pharmacophore Hypothesis small Molecules

Environmental Analysis of Packaging for soft Drinks Using the Life Cycle Assessment Methodology

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Chinese Business Review 2014年第2期13卷 94-100页

作者： Marcelo Real prado Georges Kaskantzis Neto Federal Technological University of Parana--UTFPR Curitiba-PR Brazil Federal University of Parana-UFPR Curitiba-PR Brazil

The knowledge of a product＇s life cycle is the first step on the search of sustainable development. The life cycle assessment （LCA） is an important method because it allows an environment accounting, where the extraction of natural resources and energy of the nature are considered and the ＂returns＂ to the same one and allows in evaluating relative potential the environment impacts generated. The present work had as objective to make an analysis of material and energy flows of the life cycle of three types of packaging for soft drinks： glass bottles of 390 mL, aluminum cans of 350 mL, and bottles of PET of 2,000 mL. The study considered processes since the extraction of raw materials for production of the packaging until the stages of recycling, after the consumption of the soft drink. For the research, an inventory analysis followed the LCA methodology. The main critical points of generation of negative environmental impact during the life cycle of each packaging had been the identified and quantified data in this study. The consumption of natural resources like water and other raw materials and energy, the generation of atmospheric emissions, solid wastes and wastewaters had been the analyzed categories. The results showed that, in accordance with the scenes and defined variables, the most important conclusion was that the bottle of glass presented a less favorable scene to the environment in comparison with other packaging.

关键词： life cycle assessment (LCA) inventory analysis packaging soft drinks sustainable development