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Free-electron crystals for enhanced X-ray radiation

Light(science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1299-1309页

作者： lee Wei Wesley Wong Xihang shi Aviv Karnieli Jeremy Lim suraj Kumar sergio Carbajo Ido Kaminer Liang Jie Wong school of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore. solid state Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel. school of Electrical Engineering Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69978Israel Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA. science Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore 487372Singapore. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UCLA420 WestwoodLos AngelesCA 90095USA. Physics and Astronomy Department UCLA475 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA. sLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University2575 Sand Hill RoadMenlo ParkCA 94025USA

Bremsstrahlung—the spontaneous emission of broadband radiation from free electrons that are deflected by atomic nuclei—contributes to the majority of X-rays emitted from X-ray tubes and used in applications ranging from medical imaging to semiconductor chip ***,we show that the bremsstrahlung intensity can be enhanced significantly—by more than three orders of magnitude—through shaping the electron wavefunction to periodically overlap with atoms in crystalline ***,we show how to shape the bremsstrahlung X-ray emission pattern into arbitrary angular emission profiles for purposes such as unidirectionality and ***,we find that these enhancements and shaped emission profiles cannot be attributed solely to the spatial overlap between the electron probability distribution and the atomic centers,as predicted by the paraxial and nonrecoil theory for free electron light *** work highlights an unprecedented regime of free electron light emission where electron waveshaping provides multi-dimensional control over practical radiation processes like *** results pave the way towards greater versatility in table-top X-ray sources and improved fundamental understanding of quantum electron-light interactions.

关键词： overlap attributed arbitrary

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pH-Responsive Theranostic Colloidosome Drug Carriers Enable Real-Time Imaging of Targeted Thrombolytic Process with Near-Infrared-II for Deep Venous Thrombosis

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Research 2024年第3期2024卷 17-33页

作者： Yaxin Ye Zhechang Chen shengzhang Zhang Paul slezak Fei Lu Ruiqi Xie Dongwon lee Guangqian Lan Enling Hu state Key Laboratory of Resource Insects College of SericultureTextile and Biomass SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Yueqing People's Hospital.Wenzhou 325699China Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology AUVA Research Center1200 ViennaAustria Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering and Department of Polymer-Nano science and Technology Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuChonbuk 54896Republic of Korea school of Fashion and Textiles The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Thrombosis can cause life-threatening disorders. Unfortunately, current therapeutic methods for thrombosis us.ng injecting thrombolytic medicines systemically resulted in unexpected bleeding complications. Moreover, the absence of practical imaging tools for thrombi raised dangers of undertreatment and overtreatment. This study develops a theranostic drug carrier, Pkr(IR-Ca/Pda-uPA)-cRGD, that enables real-time monitoring of the targeted thrombolytic process of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Pkr(IR-Ca/Pda-uPA)-cRGD, which is prepared from a Pickering-emulsion-like system, encapsulates both near-infrared-II (NIR-II) contrast agent (IR-1048 dye, loading capacity: 28%) and urokinase plasminogen activators (uPAs, encapsulation efficiency: 89%), pioneering the loading of multiple drugs with contrasting hydrophilicity into one s.ngle-drug carrier. Upon intravenous injection, Pkr(IR-Ca/Pda-uPA)-cRGD considerably targets to thrombi selectively (targeting rate: 91%) and disintegrates in response to acidic thrombi to release IR-1048 dye and uPA for imaging and thrombolysis, respectively. Investigations indicate that Pkr(IR-Ca/Pda-uPA)-cRGD enabled real-time visualization of targeted thrombolysis us.ng NIR-II imaging in DVT models, in which thrombi were eliminated (120 min after drug injection) without bleeding complications. This may be the first study us.ng convenient NIR-II imaging for real-time visualization of targeted thrombolysis. It represents the precision medicine that enables rapid response to acquire instantaneous medical images and make necessary real-time adjustments to diagnostic and therapeutic protocols during treatment.

关键词： Infrared enable eliminated

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Computational Quantification of Map Projection Distortion by Fractal Dimension of Coastlines

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第5期12卷 1890-1903页

作者： Franklin lee Jericho High school Jericho New York USA

Maps, essential tools for portraying the Earth’s surface, inherently introduce distortions to geographical features. While various quantification methods exist for assess.ng these distortions, they often fall short when evaluating actual geographic features. In our study, we took a novel approach by analyzing map projection distortion from a geometric perspective. We computed the fractal dimensions of different stretches of coastline before and after projection us.ng the divide-and-conquer algorithm and image process.ng. Our findings revealed that map projections, even when preserving basic shapes, inevitably stretch and compress coastlines in diverse directions. This analysis method provides a more realistic and practical way to measure map-induced distortions, with significant implications for cartography, geographic information systems (GIs), and geomorphology. By bridging the gap between theoretical analysis and real-world features, this method greatly enhances accuracy and practicality when evaluating map projections.

关键词： Map Projection Distortion Coastline Fractal Dimension Cartography Geographic Information systems

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New anti-mesenteric delta-shaped stapled anastomosis: Technical report with short-term postoperative outcomes in patients with Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2592-2601页

作者： Jong Lyul lee Yong sik Yoon Hyun Gu lee Young Il Kim Min Hyun Kim Chan Wook Kim In Ja Park seok-Byung Lim Chang sik Yu Division of Colon and Rectal surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineAsan Medical CenterSeoul 05505South Korea Department of surgery Gangdong Kyung Hee University HospitalSeoul 05278South Korea

BACKGROUND Medical treatment for Crohn’s disease(CD)has continuously improved,which has led to a decrease in surgical recurrence *** these advancements,25%of patients will undergo repeat intestinal *** of CD com-monly occurs on the mesentery side of the anastomosis *** To compare the new anti-mesenteric side-to-side delta-shaped stapled anasto-mosis(DsA)with the conventional stapled functional end-to-end anastomosis(CsA).METHODs This retrospective study included CD patients who underwent ileo-ileal or ileo-colic anastomosis between January 2020 and December *** DsA technique employed a stapler to maintain the concept of anti-mesentery side-to-side ana-stomosis by performing a 90°vertical closure of the open window compared with the CsA *** the corner where the open window is closed,the DsA avoids forming a pouch and creates an anastomosis resembling a delta shape within the intestinal *** compared demographics,preoperative condition,operative findings,and operative outcomes for the two *** The study included 175 patients,including 92 in the DsA group and 83 in the CsA *** two groups were similar in baseline characteristics,preoperative medical treatment,and operative findings except for the Montreal classification *** 30-days postoperative complication rate was signi-ficantly lower in the DsA group compared with the CsA group(16.3%vs 32.5%,P=0.009).Ileus incidence was significantly lower in the DsA group than in the CsA group(4.3%vs 14.5%,P=0.033),and the hospital stay was shorter in the DsA group than in the CsA group(5.67±1.53 days vs 7.39±3.68 days,P=0.001).CONCLUsION The DsA technique was feasible and showed comparable postoperative outcomes with lower short-term complic-ations compared with the CsA *** studies on CD recurrence and long-term complications are warranted.

关键词： Crohn’s disease surgery Anastomosis Complication Recurrence

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A parsimonious Bayesian predictive model for forecasting new reported cases of West Nile disease

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第4期9卷 1175-1197页

作者： saman Hosseini lee W.Cohnstaedt John M.Humphreys Caterina scoglio Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit National Bio-and Agro-defense Facility USDA ARSManhattanKSUSA Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit National Bio-and Agro-defense FacilityUSDA ARSManhattanKSUSA

Upon researching predictive models related toWest Nile virus disease,it is discovered that there are numerous parameters and extensive information in most models,thus contributing to unnecessary *** challenge frequently encountered is the lead time,which refers to the period for which predictions are made and often is too *** paper addresses these issues by introducing a parsimonious method based on ICC curves,offering a logistic distribution model derived from the vector-borne sEIR *** existing models relying on diverse environmental data,our approach exclusively utilizes historical and present infected human cases(number of new cases).With a yearlong lead time,the predictions extend throughout the 12 months,gaining precision as new data *** conditions are derived to minimize Bayesian loss,enhancing predictive *** construct a Bayesian forecasting probability density function us.ng carefully selected prior *** these functions,we predict monthspecific infections nationwide,rigorously evaluating accuracy with probabilistic ***,HPD credible intervals at 90%,95%,and 99%levels is *** assessment is conducted for HPD intervals,measuring the proportion of intervals that does not include actual reported cases for 2020e2022.

关键词： West nile virus ICC curve Bayesian model Logistic distribution HPD credible interval

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Growth performance and scale insect infestation of shorea leprosula in a common garden experimental plot

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 781-792页

作者： Chin Hong ng Kevin Kit siong ng soon Leong lee Rempei suwa Chai Ting lee lee Hong Tnah Forest Research Institute Malaysia 52109 KepongSelangorMalaysia Forestry Division Japan International Research Center for Agricultural SciencesTsukubaIbaraki 305‑8686Japan

Many tree planting programmes have long been initiated to increase forest cover to mitigate the effects of global climate *** planting requires careful planning at the project level,including us.ng suitable species with favourable ***,there is a paucity of improvement data for tropical tree *** experimental common garden of shorea leprosula was established to study traits related to growth performance which are key factors in planting *** of *** were collected from nine geographical forest *** study the effects of genetic variation,seedlings were planted in a common environment following a randomized complete block *** performance data collected 2017‒2019,one population showed the highest coefficient for relative height growth,significantly higher than most of the other ***,this population from Beserah also exhibited the lowest coefficient for scale insect *** study provides preliminary results on growth performance and susceptibility to scale insect infestation in *** and the first common garden experiment site conducted on dipterocarp *** lays a foundation for future genome-wide studies.

关键词： Root collar diameter Height scale insect Relative growth rate Dipterocarp

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Bidirectional rotating direct-current triboelectric nanogenerator with self-adaptive mechanical switching for harvesting reciprocating motion

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第4期6卷 324-335页

作者： Donghan lee Joonmin Chae sumin Cho Jong Woo Kim Awais Ahmad Mohammad Rezaul Karim Moonwoo La s.ng Jea Park Dongwhi Choi Department of Mechanical Engineering(Integrated Engineering Program) Kyung Hee University1732 Deogyeong-daeroYonginGyeonggi 17104Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry University of LahoreLahorePakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11421Saudi Arabia school of Mechanical Engineering Korea University of Technology and Education1600 Chungjeol-roCheonanChungnam 31253Republic of Korea

Amid the growing interest in triboelectric nanogenerators(TEngs)as novel energy-harvesting devices,several studies have focused on direct current(DC)TEngs to generate a stable DC output for operating electronic ***,owing to the working mechanisms of conventional DC TEngs,generating a stable DC output from reciprocating motion remains a ***,we propose a bidirectional rotating DC TEng(BiR-TEng),which can generate DC outputs,regardless of the direction of rotation,from reciprocating *** distinct design of the BiR-TEng enables the mechanical rectification of the alternating current output into a rotational-direction-dependent DC ***,it allows the conversion of the rotational-direction-dependent DC output into a unidirectional DC output by adapting the configurations depending on the rotational *** to these tailored design strategies and subsequent optimizations,the BiR-TEng could generate an effective unidirectional DC *** of the BiR-TEng for the reciprocating motions of swinging doors and waves were demonstrated by harness.ng this *** study demonstrates the potential of the BiR-TEng design strategy as an effective and versatile solution for energy harvesting from reciprocating motions,highlighting the suitability of DC outputs as an energy source for electronic devices.

关键词： direct-current triboelectric nanogenerator mechanical rectification self-adaptive mechanical design harvesting reciprocation motion

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Tribological behavior of shape-specific microplate-enriched synovial fluids on a linear two-axis tribometer

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Friction 2024年第3期12卷 539-553页

作者： Agnese FRAGAssI Antonietta GRECO Martina DI FRANCEsCO Luca CEsERACCIU Aiman ABU AMMAR Israel DVIR Thomas lee MOORE Haytam KAsEM Paolo DECUZZI Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine Fondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16163Italy Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry University of GenovaGenoa 16146Italy Materials Characterization Facility Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16163Italy Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering Azrieli College of Engineering JerusalemJerusalem 9103501Israel Department of Mechanical Engineering Azrieli College of Engineering JerusalemJerusalem 9103501Israel

Nano-and micro-particles are being increas.ngly used to tune interfacial frictional properties in diverse applications,from friction modifiers in industrial lubrication to enhanced biological fluids in human osteoarthritic ***,we assessed the tribological properties of a simulated synovial fluid enriched with non-spherical,poly lactic-co-glycolic acid(PLGA)microparticles(μPL)that have been previously demonstrated for the pharmacological management of osteoarthritis(OA).Three different μPL configurations were fabricated presenting a 20μm×20μm square base and a thickness of 5μm(thin,5H μPL),10μm(10H μPL),and 20μm(cubical,20H μPL).After extensive morphological and physicochemical characterizations,the apparent Young’s modulus of the μPL was quantified under compressive loading returning an average value of~6 kPa,independently of the particle ***,us.ng a linear two-axis tribometer,the static(μ_(s))and dynamic(μ_(d))friction coefficients of the μPL-enriched simulated synovial fluid were determined in terms of particle configuration and concentration,varying from 0(fluid only)to 6×10^(5) μPL/*** particle morphology had a modest influence on friction,possibly because the μPL were fully squeezed between two mating surfaces by a 5.8 N normal load realizing boundary-like lubrication ***,friction was observed to depend on the dimensionless parameterW,defined as the ratio between the total volume of the μPL enriching the simulated synovial fluid and the volume of the fluid *** coefficients of friction were documented to grow withWreaching a plateau of μ_(s)~0.4 and μ_(d)~0.15,already at Ω~2×10^(-3).Future investigations will have to systematically analyze the effect of sliding velocity,normal load,and rigidity of the mating surfaces to elucidate in full the tribological behavior of μPL in the context of osteoarthritis.

关键词： osteoarthritis microparticles tribology synovial fluid pin on plate

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Low temperature-mediated repression and far-red light-mediated induction determine morning FLOWERIng LOCUs T expression levels

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第1期66卷 103-120页

作者： Hayeon Kim Hye Won Kang Dae Yeon Hwang Nayoung lee Akane Kubota Takato Imaizumi Young Hun s.ng Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Biology Ajou UniversitySuwon 16499Korea Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Graduate school of science and Technology Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaNara 630‐0192Japan Department of Biology University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Institute of Agricultural Life sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

In order to flower in the appropriate season,plants monitor light and temperature changes and alter downstream pathways that regulate florigen genes such as Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)FLOWERIng LOCUs T(FT).In Arabidopsis,FT mess.nger RNA levels peak in the morning and evening under natural long-day conditions(LDs).However,the regulatory mechanisms governing morning FT induction remain poorly *** morning FT peak is absent in typical laboratory LDs characterized by high red:far-red light(R:FR)ratios and constant ***,we demonstrate that ZEITLUPE(ZTL)interacts with the FT repressors TARGET OF EATs(TOEs),thereby repress.ng morning FT expression in natural *** LDs with simulated sunlight(R:FR=1.0)and daily temperature cycles,which are natural LD-mimicking environmental conditions,FT transcript levels in the ztl mutant were high specifically in the morning,a pattern that was mirrored in the toe1 toe2 double *** night-to-morning temperatures increased the inhibitory effect of ZTL on morning FT expression by increas.ng ZTL protein levels early in the ***-red light counteracted ZTL activity by decreas.ng its abundance(possibly via phytochrome A(phyA))while increas.ng GIGANTEA(GI)levels and negatively affecting the formation of the ZTL-GI complex in the ***,the phyA-mediated high-irradiance response and GI play pivotal roles in morning FT *** findings suggest that the delicate balance between low temperature-mediated ZTL activity and the far-red light-mediated functions of phyA and GI offers plants flexibility in fine-tuning their flowering time by controlling FT expression in the morning.

关键词： far-red light FLOWERIng LOCUs T flowering time GIGANTEA low night-to-morning temperature natural long days phytochrome A red to far-red ratio ZEITLUPE

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Accurate Diagnosis of sARs-CoV-2 JN.1 by s.nger sequencing of Receptor-Binding Domain Is Needed for Clinical Evaluation of Its Immune Evasion

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第4期12卷 69-78页

作者： sin Hang lee Milford Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory Milford CT USA

Background: Omicron JN.1 has become the dominant sARs-CoV-2 variant in recent months. JN.1 has the highest number of amino acid mutations in its receptor binding domain (RBD) and has acquired a hallmark L455s mutation. The immune evasion capability of JN.1 is a subject of scientific investigation. The Us CDC used sGTF of TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kit RT-qPCR as proxy indicator of JN.1 infections for evaluation of the effectiveness of updated monovalent XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccines against JN.1 and recommended that all persons aged ≥ 6 months should receive an updated COVID-19 vaccine dose. Objective: Recommend s.nger sequencing instead of proxy indicator to diagnose JN.1 infections to generate the data based on which guidelines are made to direct vaccination policies. Methods: The RNA in nasopharyngeal swab specimens from patients with clinical respiratory infection was subjected to nested RT-PCR, targeting a 398-base segment of the N-gene and a 445-base segment of the RBD of sARs-CoV-2 for amplification. The nested PCR amplicons were sequenced. The DNA sequences were analyzed for amino acid mutations. Results: The N-gene sequence showed R203K, G204R and Q229K, the 3 mutations associated with Omicron BA.2.86 (+JN.1). The RBD sequence showed 24 of the 26 known amino acid mutations, including the hallmark L455s mutation for JN.1 and the V483del for BA.2.86 lineage. Conclusions: s.nger sequencing of a 445-base segment of the sARs-CoV-2 RBD is useful for accurate determination of emerging variants. The CDC may consider us.ng s.nger sequencing of the RBD to diagnose JN.1 infections for statistical analysis in making vaccination policies.

关键词： Omicron JN.1 sARs-CoV-2 s.nger sequencing RBD L455s Mutation Immune Evasion Vaccination Policies CDC

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