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Towards rational design in electrochemical denitrification by analyzing pH dependence

National science Review 2024年第6期11卷 223-232页

作者： Huan Li Dong Luan Jun Long Xiaoyan fu Jianping Xiao state Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences

A small fraction of NOx（<1%） always exists in CO2feedstock（e.g. exhausted gas）, which can significantly reduce the efficiency of CO2electroreduction by ～30%. Hence, electrochemical denitrification is the precondi... 详细信息

A small fraction of NOx（s exists in CO2feedstock（e.g. exhausted gas）, which can significantly reduce the efficiency of CO2electroreduction by ～30%. Hence, electrochemical denitrification is the precondition of CO2electroreduction. The pH effect is a key factor, and can be used to tune the selectivity between N2and N2O production in electrochemical denitrification. However, there has been much controversy for many years about the origin of pH dependence in electrocatalysis. To this end, we present a new scheme to accurately model the pH dependence of the electrochemical mechanism. An extremely small pH variation from pH 12.7 to pH 14 can be accurately reproduced for N2O production. More importantly,the obviously different pH dependence of N2production, compared to N2O, can be attributed to a cascade path. In other words, the N2was produced from the secondary conversion of the as-produced N2O molecule（the major product）, instead of the original reactant NO. This is further supported by more than 35 experiments over varying catalysts（Fe, Ni, Pd, Cu, Co, Pt and Ag）, partial pressures（20%, 50% and100%） and potentials（from -0.2 to 0.2 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode）. All in all, the insights herein overturn long-lasting views in the field of NO electroreduction and suggest that rational design should steer away from catalyst engineering toward reactor optimization.

关键词： electrocatalysis denitrification pH-dependence nitric oxide reduction reaction mechanism

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Light weight design and integrated method for manufacturing hydraulic wheel-legged robots

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第9期25卷 701-715页

作者： Xu LI Haoyang YU Huaizhi ZOng Haibo FEng Yili fu state Key Laboratory of Robotics and system Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China state Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic systems Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Design and manufacturing play pivotal roles in hydraulic-driven robotic ***,previous studies have emphasized mainly results and performance,often overlooking the specifics of the design and manufacturing *** paper introduces a novel approach known as light weight design and integrated manufacturing(LD&IM)for hydraulic wheel-legged *** LD&IM method leverages topology optimization and generative design techniques to achieve a substantial 45%weight reduction,enhancing the robot’s dynamic motion *** innovative design method not only streamlines the design process but also upholds the crucial attributes of light weight construction and high strength essential for hydraulic wheel-legged ***,the integrated manufacturing method,incorporating selective laser melting(sLM)and high-precision subtractive manufacturing(sM)processes,expedites the fabrication of high-quality *** the LD&IM approach,a hydraulic-driven s.ngle wheel-legged robot,denoted as WLR-IV,has been successfully *** robot boasts low mass and inertia,high strength,and a simplified component *** assess its dynamic jumping capabilities,the control loop integrates a linear quadratic regulator(LQR)and zero dynamic-based controller,while trajectory planning uses the spring-loaded inverted pendulum(sLIP)*** jumping results confirm the WLR-IV s.ngle-legged robot’s exceptional dynamic performance,validating both the effectiveness of the LD&IM method and the rationale behind the control strategy.

关键词： Wheel-legged robot Hydraulic driven Topology optimization Wheel-legged robot Hydraulic driven Topology optimization Additive manufacturing(AM) Jump control

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Microwave irradiation-induced alterations in physicochemical properties and methane adsorption capability of coals:An experimental study us.ng carbon molecular sieve

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期68卷 165-180页

作者： Xuexiang fu Xing Tang Yi Xu Xintao Zhou Dengfeng Zhang Faculty of Chemical Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China

In order to comprehend the applicability of microwave irradiation for recovering coalbed methane,it is necessary to evaluate the microwave irradiation-induced alterations in coals with varying levels of *** this work,the carbon molecular sieve combined with KMnO_(4)oxidation was selected to fabricate carbon molecular sieve with diverse oxidation degrees,which can serve as model substances toward ***,the microwave irradiation dependences of pores,functional groups,and highpressure methane adsorption characteristics of model substances were *** results indicated that microwave irradiation causes rearrangement of oxygen-containing functional groups,which could block the micropores with a size of 0.40-0.60 nm in carbon molecular sieve;meanwhile,naphthalene and phenanthrene generated by macro-molecular structure pyrolysis due to microwave irradiation could block the micropores with a size of 0.70-0.90 *** alterations in micropore structure weaken the saturated methane adsorption capacity of oxidized carbon molecular sieve by 2.91%-23.28%,suggesting that microwave irradiation could promote methane ***,the increased mesopores found for oxidized carbon molecular sieve after microwave irradiation could benefit CH4 *** summary,the oxidized carbon molecular sieve can act as model substances toward coals with different ***,microwave irradiation is a promis.ng technology to enhance coalbed methane recovery.

关键词： Microwave irradiation Physicochemical property Coal matrix Adsorption Carbon molecular sieve

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self-assembled monolayers(sAMs)in inverted perovskite solar cells and their tandem photovoltaics application

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Interdisciplinary Materials 2024年第2期3卷 203-244页

作者： Zijun Yi Xin Li Yuchen Xiong Guibin shen Wenguang Zhang Yihuai Huang Qinghui Jiang Xin Ren ng Yubo Luo Jianghui Zheng Wei Lin Leong Fan fu Tongle Bu Junyou Yang state Key Laboratory of Material Process.ng and Die&Mould Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina China‐Eu Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina school of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore Department of Chemistry National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore school of Physics The University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics Empa‐Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland state Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials synthesis and Process.ng Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhanChina

self-assembled monolayers(sAMs)employed in inverted perovskite solar cells(PsCs)have achieved groundbreaking progress in device efficiency and stability for both s.ngle-junction and tandem configurations,owing to their distinctive and versatile ability to manipulate chemical and physical interface *** this regard,we present a comprehensive review of recent research advancements concerning sAMs in inverted perovskite s.nglejunction and tandem solar cells,where the prevailing challenges and future development prospects in the applications of sAMs are *** thoroughly examine the mechanistic roles of diverse sAMs in energy-level regulation,interface modification,defect passivation,and charge *** is achieved by understanding how interfacial molecular interactions can be finely tuned to mitigate charge recombination losses in inverted *** this comprehensive review,we aim to provide valuable insights and references for further investigation and utilization of sAMs in inverted perovskite s.ngle‐junction and tandem solar cells.

关键词： inverted perovskite solar cells power conversion efficiency self-assembled monolayers tandem

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Energy modeling and optimization of building condenser water systems with all-variable speed pumps and tower fans:A case study

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Building simulation 2024年第7期17卷 1085-1111页

作者： Yong Cao Chuang Wang sheng Wang Xiao fu Xinguo Ming school of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China state Key Laboratory of Air-Conditioning Equipment and system Energy Conservation Zhuhai 519070China GREE Electric Appliances Inc.of ZhuhaiZhuhai 519070China school of Environment and Energy Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China Beijing Advanced Innovation Centerfor future Urban Design Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China

The emergence of building condenser water systems with all-variable speed pumps and tower fans allows for increased efficiency and flexibility of chiller plants in partial load operation but also increases the control complexity of condenser water *** study aims to develop an integrated modeling technique for evaluating and optimizing the energy performance of such a condenser water *** proposed system model is based on the semi-physical semi-empirical chiller,pump,and cooling tower models,with capabilities of fully considering the hydraulic and thermal interactions in the condenser water loop,being solved analytically and much faster than iterative solvers and supporting the explicit optimization of the pump and tower fan frequency.A mathematical approach,based on the system model and constrained optimization technique,is subsequently established to evaluate the energy performance of a typical dual setpoint-based variable speed strategy and find its energy-saving potential and most efficient operation by jointly optimizing pumps and tower *** all-variable speed chiller plant from Wuhan,China,is used for a case study to validate the system model’s accuracy and explore its *** results showed that the system model can accurately simulate the condenser water system’s performance under various operating *** optimizing the frequencies of pumps and tower fans,the total system energy consumption can be reduced by 12%–13%compared to the fixed dual setpoint-based strategy with range and approach setpoints of 4℃and 2℃.In contrast,the energy-saving potential of optimizing the cooling tower sequencing is insignificant.A simple joint speed control method for optimizing the pumps and tower fans emerged,i.e.,the optimal pump and fan frequency are linearly correlated(if both are non-extremes)and depend on the chiller part load ratio only,irrespective of the ambient wet-bulb temperature and chilled water supply *** was also foun

关键词： all-variable speed chiller plant model-based optimization hydraulic and thermal coupling analytical solution dual setpoint-based variable speed control optimal joint speed control

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Experimental study and correlation development for the two-phase frictional pressure drop of flow boiling in copper foam fin microchannels

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science China(Technological sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 2758-2776页

作者： fu Kai XU XiangHua LIAng Xingang school of Aerospace Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Flow boiling in microchannels with porous walls has received extensive attention in recent years. Compared with the emphasis on heat transfer, there is a lack of research on the effect of the porous wall structures on the pressure drop characteristics. In this study, systematic experiments are performed to measure the pressure drop of water-vapor two-phase flow in five microchannels with copper foam fins, which consist of nine or six channels and fins of copper foam. The porosities of the foam fins range from0.78 to 0.82 and ratios of fin width to channel width range from 0.5 to 2. The channels are approximately 0.5 or 1 mm in width and 1 mm in height. Both adiabatic and flow boiling experiments are conducted with water at mass fluxes ranging from 66 to 407 kg/(m^(2)s). In the adiabatic experiments, the average quality in channels is between 0.017 and 0.846. In the flow boiling experiments, the outlet quality of channels is between 0.040 and 0.863. slug flow, churn flow, annular flow, and wispy-annular flow are observed in adiabatic experiments. A two-phase frictional pressure drop correlation based on the Lockhart-Martinelli model is developed for copper foam fin microchannels by introducing the effects of the mass flux, porosity, ratio of fin width to channel width, and heating condition step by step. The mean absolute percentage errors of the new correlation are 7.53% for 325data points under adiabatic conditions and 5.51% for 268 data points under flow boiling conditions, respectively. This work provides insight into the correlations of frictional pressure drop in microchannels with porous walls.

关键词： two-phase flow boiling pressure drop correlation microchannel copper foam porous wall

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Link between childhood obesity and gut microbiota

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第30期30卷 3560-3563页

作者： Yan Pan fu-Yong Jiao Department of Pediatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze UniversityJingzho 434000Hubei ProvinceChina shaanxi Kawasaki Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center Children's HospitalShaanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Xi'anJiaotong UniversityXi'an 710000Shaanxi ProvinceChina

Childhood obesity is a critical global health concern with ris.ng prevalence and significant long-term health *** studies have implicated gut microbiota in the development and progression of *** editorial analyzes the research conducted by Li et al,who utilized 16s rRNA gene sequencing to compare the gut microbiome of overweight and healthy-weight *** study found significant differences in microbial diversity and composition between the two groups,with potential implications for understanding and managing childhood *** analyzed the study’s advantages and drawbacks,propos.ng potential areas for future research to better understand the connection between gut microbiota and obesity.

关键词： 16s rRNA Childhood obesity Gut microbiota future research Global health

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A New Industrial Intrusion Detection Method Based on CNN-BiLsTM

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4297-4318页

作者： Jun Wang Changfu si Zhen Wang Qiang fu College of Computer science and Technology Shenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyang110142China

Nowadays,with the rapid development of industrial Internet technology,on the one hand,advanced industrial control systems(ICs)have improved industrial production ***,there are more and more cyber-attacks targeting industrial control *** ensure the security of industrial networks,intrusion detection systems have been widely used in industrial control systems,and deep neural networks have always been an effective method for identifying cyber *** intrusion detection methods still suffer from low accuracy and a high false alarm ***,it is important to build a more efficient intrusion detection *** paper proposes a hybrid deep learning intrusion detection method based on convolutional neural networks and bidirectional long short-term memory neural networks(CNN-BiLsTM).To address the issue of imbalanced data within the dataset and improve the model’s detection capabilities,the synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique-Edited Nearest Neighbors(sMOTE-ENN)algorithm is applied in the preprocess.ng *** algorithm is employed to generate synthetic instances for the minority class,simultaneously mitigating the impact of noise in the majority *** approach aims to create a more equitable distribution of classes,thereby enhancing the model’s ability to effectively identify patterns in both minority and majority *** the experimental phase,the detection performance of the method is verified us.ng two data *** results show that the accuracy rate on the CICIDs-2017 data set reaches 97.7%.On the natural gas pipeline dataset collected by Lan Turnipseed from Mississippi state University in the United states,the accuracy rate also reaches 85.5%.

关键词： Intrusion detection convolutional neural network bidirectional long short-term memory neural network multi-head self-attention mechanism

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switched-capacitor Based seven-level Boost Inverter with a Reduced Number of Devices

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CsEE Journal of Power and Energy systems 2024年第1期10卷 381-391页

作者： Weijie Lin Jun Zeng Bo fu Zhixing Yan Junfeng Liu school of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China WIsDRI Engineering&Research Incorporation Limited Wuhan 430074China Department of Energy Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark school of Automation science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China

The conventional multilevel inverters(MLIs)have the disadvantages of numerous devices,incapacity of boost,unbalance for capacitor’s voltage,high complexity for control,and *** by this issue,a seven-level boost inverter(7LBI)based on a switched capacitor is presented for s.nglephase applications in this *** proposed 7LBI us.ng only seven transistors can achieve seven output levels,1.5 voltage gain,and natural balance of capacitors’voltages without sensors or other auxiliary methods,which illustrates its suitability for the applications of renewable energy *** configuration of topology and operating principles are illustrated in *** natural balance of capacitors and capacitance calculations are deduced as ***,the comparative study is conducted for different types of *** results illustrate the merits of the proposed 7LBI with respect to reduced devices,lower voltage stress,and less power ***,a simulation for the proposed 7LBI with PWM modulation is realized based on the theoretical analysis;an experimental prototype is also implemented,verifying multilevel output,boost ability,natural balance for switched capacitors,and performance of transient response.

关键词： Multilevel inverters voltage gain natural balance renewable energy generation reduced number of elements

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Reshaping Li–Mg hybrid batteries:Epitaxial electrodeposition and spatial confinement on MgMOF substrates via the lattice‐matching strategy

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Carbon Energy 2024年第8期6卷 248-261页

作者： Yongqin Wang fulin Cheng Jiawen Ji Chenyang Cai Yu fu school of Materials science and Engineering Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourceNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina

The emergence of Li–Mg hybrid batteries has been receiving attention,owing to their enhanced electrochemical kinetics and reduced ***,the persistent challenge of uneven Mg electrodeposition remains a significant impediment to their practical ***,we developed an ingenious approach that centered around epitaxial electrocrystallization and meticulously controlled growth of magnesium crystals on a specialized MgMOF *** chosen MgMOF substrate demonstrated a robust affinity for magnesium and showed minimal lattice misfit with Mg,establishing the crucial prerequisites for successful heteroepitaxial ***,the incorporation of periodic electric fields and successive nanochannels within the MgMOF structure created a spatially confined environment that considerably promoted uniform magnesium nucleation at the molecular *** inspiration from the“blockchain”concept prevalent in the realm of big data,we seamlessly integrated a conductive polypyrrole framework,acting as a connecting“chain,”to interlink the“blocks”compris.ng the MgMOF *** innovative design significantly amplified charge‐transfer efficiency,thereby increas.ng overall electrochemical *** resulting architecture(MgMOF@PPy@CC)served as an exceptional host for heteroepitaxial Mg electrodeposition,showcas.ng remarkable electrostripping/plating kinetics and excellent cycling ***,a symmetrical cell incorporating the MgMOF@PPy@CC electrode demonstrated impressive stability even under ultrahigh current density conditions(10mAcm–2),maintaining operation for an extended 1200 h,surpass.ng previously reported ***,on coupling the MgMOF@PPy@CC anode with a Mo_(6)s_(8) cathode,the assembled battery showed an extended lifespan of 10,000 cycles at 70 C,with an outstanding capacity retention of 96.23%.This study provides a fresh perspective on the rational design of epitaxial electrocrystallizat

关键词： epitaxial electrodeposition lattice‐matching strategy Li-Mg hybrid batteries MOF substrate spatial confinement

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