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Co.bined Chemical and Mineralo.ical Evidence fo. Heavy Metal Binding in Mining- and smelting-Affected Alluvial so.ls

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Pedo.phere 2008年第4期18卷 464-478页

作者： A. VANEK V. ETTLER T. GRYGAR L. Bo.UVKA o. EBEK o. DRBEK Department o. so.l science and so.l Pro.ectio. Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Kamyck 129 165 21 Praha6 (Czech Republic). Institute o. Geo.hemistry Mineralogy and Mineral Resources Charles University Albertov 6 128 43 Praha 2 (CzechRepublic) Institute o. Ino.ganic Chemistry Analytical Laboratory Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 250 68 Rez u Prahy(Czech Republic)

The binding o. metallic co.taminants （Pb, Cd, and Zn） and As o. so.l co.stituents was studied o. fo.r highly co.taxninated alluvial so.l pro.iles fro. the mining/smelting district o. Pribram （Czech Republic） using a co.binatio. o. mineralo.ical and chemical metho.s. sequential extractio. analysis （sEA） was supplemented by mineralo.ical investigatio. o. bo.h bulk samples and heavy mineral fractio.s using X-ray diffractio. analysis （XRD） and scanning electro. micro.co.y with an energy dispersive X-ray spectro.eter （sEM/EDs）. The mineralo.y o. Fe and Mn o.ides was studied by vo.tammetry o. micro.articles （VMP） and diffuse reflectance spectro.etry （DRs）. Zinc and Pb were predo.inantly bo.nd in the reducible fractio. attributed to.Fe o.ides and Mn o.ides （mainly birnessite, Na4Mn14o.7.9H2o., which were detected in so.ls by XRD and sEM/EDs. In co.trast, Cd was the mo.t mo.ile co.taminant and was predo.inantly present in the exchangeable fractio.. Arsenic was bo.nd to.the residual and reducible fractio.s （co.respo.ding to.Fe o.ides o. to.unidentified Fe-Pb arsenates）. sEM/EDs o.servatio.s indicate the predo.inant affinity o. Pb fo. Mn o.ides, and to.a lesser extent, fo. Fe o.ides. Thus, a mo.e suitable sEA pro.edure sho.ld be used fo. these mining-affected so.ls to.distinguish between the co.taminant fractio. bo.nd to.Mn o.ides and Fe o.ides.

关键词： alluvial so.l Fe and Mn o.ides heavy metals mineralo.y mining

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Co.tro. o. a Two.wheeled Machine with Two.directio.s Handling Mechanism Using PID and PD-FLC Algo.ithms

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Internatio.al Jo.rnal o. Auto.atio. and co.puting 2019年第4期16卷 511-533页

作者： Khaled M. Go.er sulaiman o. Fadlallah scho.l o. Engineering University of Lincoln Lincoln LN6 7TS UK Mechanical Engineering Department Auckland University of Technology Auckland 1142 New Zealand

This paper presents a no.el five degrees o. freedo. (Do.) two.wheeled ro.o.ic machine (TWRM) that delivers so.utio.s fo. bo.h industrial and service ro.o.ic applicatio.s by enlarging the vehicle′s wo.kspace and increasing its flexibility. Designing a two.wheeled ro.o. with five degrees o. freedo. creates a high challenge fo. the co.tro., therefo.e the mo.elling and design o. such ro.o. sho.ld be precise with a unifo.m distributio. o. mass o.er the ro.o. and the actuato.s. By emplo.ing the Lagrangian mo.elling appro.ch, the TWRM′s mathematical mo.el is derived and simulated in Matlab/simulink?. Fo. stabilizing the system′s highly no.linear mo.el, two.co.tro. appro.ches were develo.ed and implemented: pro.o.tio.al-integral-derivative (PID) and fuzzy lo.ic co.tro. (FLC) strategies. Co.sidering multiple scenario. with different initial co.ditio.s, the pro.o.ed co.tro. strategies′ perfo.mance has been assessed.

关键词： Two.wheeled inverted pendulum (IP) with two directio. handling Lagrangian fo.mulatio. pro.o.tio.al-integral-derivative (PID) fuzzy lo.ic co.tro. (FLC) under-actuated systems

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Co.l mining in no.theast India： an o.erview o. enviro.mental issues and treatment appro.ches

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Internatio.al Jo.rnal o. Co.l science & Techno.o.y 2016年第2期3卷 87-96页

作者： Mayuri Chabukdhara o. P. singh Department o. Enviro.mental Bio.o.y and Wildlife sciences Cotton College State University Guwahati Assam 781001India Department o. Enviro.mental studies North Eastern HillUniversity Shillong Meghalaya 793022 India

No.theast India has a go.d depo.it o. sub-bitumino.s tertiary co.l. The no.theast Indian co.ls have unusual physico.chemical characteristics such as high sulfur, vo.atile matter and vitrinite co.tent, and lo. ash co.tent. In additio., many enviro.mental sensitive o.ganic and mineral bo.nd elements such as Fe, Mg, Bi, AI, V, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Mn etc. remain enriched in these co.ls. such characteristics are asso.iated with mo.e severe enviro.mental impacts due to.mining and its utilizatio. in co.l based industries. Enviro.mental challenges include large scale landscape damage, so.l ero.io., lo.s o. fo.est eco.ystem and wildlife habitat, air, water and so.l po.lutio.. several physical and chemical metho.s are repo.ted in literature fo. the remo.al o. mineral matter, to.al sulfur and different fo.ms o. sulfur fro. high sulfur co.l in no.theast India. This paper may help different researchers and stakeho.ders to.understand current state o. research in the field. Initiatives may be taken to.ards sustainable use o. co.l reso.rces by ado.ting inno.ative clean techno.o.ies and by implementing effective co.tro. measures and regulato.y po.icies.

关键词： No.theast India sub-bitumino.s co.l Enviro.mental issues Inno.ative techno.o.ies Management andregulato.y po.icies

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Fo.mability o. frictio. stir pro.essed lo. carbo. steels used in shipbuilding

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Jo.rnal o. Materials science & Techno.o.y 2018年第1期34卷 237-244页

作者： D.M. sekban s.M. Akterer o. saray Z.Y. Ma G. Purcek Department o. Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Karadeniz Technical University Trahzon Turkey Department o. Autumo.ive Techno.o.y RecepTayyip Erdogan University Rize Turkey Department o. Mechanical Engineering Bursa Technical University. Bursa Turkey shenyang Natio.al Labo.ato.y fo. Materials science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Department o. Mechanical Engineering. Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon Turkey Engineering Faculty Giresun University Giresun Turkey

The stretch fo.mability o. a lo. carbo. steel pro.essed by frictio. stir pro.essing （FsP） was studied under biaxial lo.ding co.ditio. applied by a miniaturized Erichsen test. o.e-pass FsP decreased the ferritic grain size in the pro.essed zo.e fro. 25 μm to.abo.t 3 μm, which also.caused a remarkable increase in strength values witho.t co.siderable decrease in fo.mability under uniaxial lo.ding. A co.rse-grained （CG） sample befo.e FsP reflected a mo.erate fo.mability with an Erichsen index （EI） o. 2.73 mm. FsP slightly decreased the stretch fo.mability o. the sample to.2.66 ram. Ho.ever, FsP increased the required punch lo.d （FEI） due to.the increased strength by grain refinement. FsP reduced co.siderably the ro.ghness o. the free surface o. the biaxial stretched samples with reduced o.ange peel effect. The average ro.ghness value （Ra） decreased fro. 2.90 in the CG sample do.n to.abo.t 0.65 μm in fine-grained （FG） sample after FsP. It can be co.cluded that the FG micro.tructure in lo. carbo. steels sheets o. plates used generally in shipbuilding pro.ides a go.d balance between strength and fo.mability.

关键词： Frictio. stir pro.essing Lo. carbo. shipbuilding steel Fo.mability Micro.tructure Mechanical pro.erties

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Characterizatio. o. refracto.y behavio.r o. co.plex go.d/silver o.e by diagno.tic leaching

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第3期19卷 707-713页

作者： o. CELEP . ALP H. DEVEC M. VICIL Mining Engineering Department Karadeniz Technical University Geo.o.y Engineering Department Karadeniz Technical University

The amenability o. a refracto.y o.e to.the extractio. o. go.d and silver by cyanide leaching was investigated. Diagno.tic leaching tests were also.perfo.med to.shed light o. the refracto.y characteristics o. o.e. The leaching tests sho. that the extractio. o. go.d and silver is co.sistently lo., i.e. ≤47% and ≤19.2%, respectively, o.er a leaching perio. o. 24 h. Even fine grinding (e.g. o.s no. impro.e the reco.ery o. go.d and silver. Diagno.tic leaching appro.ch pro.ides info.matio. into.the cause o. the refracto.iness o. the o.e. The findings suggest that the refracto.iness is induced by the disseminatio. and encapsulatio. o. the very fine go.d and silver particles largely in the carbo.ates, o.ides and sulfides and, to.a small extent, with silicates present in the o.e matrix. These findings highlight the practical impo.tance o. diagno.tic leaching fo. the understanding o. the refracto.y characteristic o. such an o.e and fo. the identificatio. o. po.sible pretreatment o.tio.s to.o.erco.e its refracto.iness prio. to.cyanide leaching.

关键词：氰化浸出银矿石黄金诊断行为表征浸出试验硅酸盐矿石

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Physico.chemical indices o. breeding sites o. simulium damno.um in the lo.er Cro.s River Basin, Nigeria

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Jo.rnal o. Enviro.mental sciences 2005年第3期17卷 511-517页

作者： o.ARA K. N. FAGBEMI B. o. Department o. Zo.lo.y University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria. Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

To.determine the facto. influencing the abundance develo.ment and distributio. o. simulium damno.um(s.I) immature stages in the lo.er Cro.s River Basin, Nigeria, the physico.chemical characteristics o. water at breeding sites were analysed lo.gitudinally o.er a 12 mo.th perio.. Analysis o. the water samples sho.ed that water current co.related po.itively and significantly(psso.ved o.ygen(r = 0.95 vs 0.10); co.ductivity(r = 0.95 vs 0.81); hydro.en io. co.centratio.(r = 0.03 vs 0.46); and bio.hemical o.ygen demand(r = 0.80 vs 0.64); fro. Agbo.im Waterfalls and Afi River respectively. The result indicates that these parameters and lo. io.ic co.centratio. are the mo.t essential requirement fo. the develo.ment o. s. damno.um pre-imaginal stages. Amplitudes o. annual variability as measured by co.efficient o. variatio. varied between the parameters. Fro. the trends in hydro.o.ical variables it was deduced that the integrated impact o. precipitatio., input o. surface runo.f and municipal effluents played an o.erriding ro.e in determining the abso.ute levels and tempo.al pattern in the water quality attributes. o. the 3578 pre-imaginal stages o. s. damno.um co.lected, 52.52% and 47.4% were co.lected fro. Agbo.im Waterfall and Afi River respectively. There was a significant difference(po. pre-imaginal stages co.lected fro. bo.h sites. The highest number o. pre_imaginal stages o. s. damno.um co.lected were at the peak o. rain(July—september) indicating that s. damno.um in the River Basin is a wet seaso. breeder. The need fo. lo.g term labo.ato.y co.o.izatio. o. blackfly immature stages beco.es imperative especially ho. these parameters co.ld be explo.ted in co.tro. pro.ramme thro.gh the testing o. larvicides witho.t adverse eco.o.ical damage to.the aquatic habitat.

关键词： blackflies simulium damno.um physico.chemical parameters lo.er Cro.s River Basin, Nigeria

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Carbazo.es and benzo.arbazo.es co.firm migratio. o. leaked petro.eum thro.gh capro.ks and o.erlaying fo.matio.s o. Valhall Well 2/8-8 in the No.th sea

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Acta Geo.himica 2018年第4期37卷 537-545页

作者： s. Abrakas M. C. o.o.ake V. Ukaegbu H. o. Nwankwo.la Department o. Geo.o.y University of Port HarcourtPort Harcourt Nigeria Centre fo. Petro.eum Geo.ciences University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Department o. Pure and Industrial Chemistry University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

A wildcat may no. result in a petro.eum pro.pect; ho.ever, it may indicate po.ential need fo. fro.tier explo. ratio., since petro.eum co.ld leak into.eco.o.ic accumu- latio.s. Carbazo.es and benzo.arbazo.es are nitro.en co.po.nds in petro.eum and can be emplo.ed to.explicitly explain migratio. directio. and distance o. leaking petro. leum. The hypo.hesis o. this study is that the mechanism o. the reactio. invo.ving the attractio. o. carbazo.es to.clay minerals o. the matrix o. the walls alo.g their migratio. pathways determines the iso.er that is preferentially attached to.the mineral matrix. The o.jectives o. this study are （a） to.pro.uce a pro.ile fo. carbazo.es and benzo.ar- bazo.es ratio. in the cap ro.k o.erlying the reservo.r, （b） to.co.pare carbazo.e and benzo.arbazo.e ratio. to.20s/ （20s ＋ 20R）（^（^C29 sterane maturity ratio. （c） to.infer migratio. directio. fro. the carbazo.es and benzo.ar- bazo.es ratio. samples used were side wall co.es and drill cuttings o. water-based mud drilling. The Eo. （ex- tractable o.ganic matter） fro. vario.s fo.matio.s o.erlying the reservo.r was o.tained using so.therm Auto.atic Equipment. The TPH （to.al petro.eum hydro.arbo.） was o.tained fro. the Eo. by using a precleaned iso.ute C18 500 mg / 3 mL co.umn, eluted with hexane, while the po.ars were eluted with dichlo.o.ethane. Fractio.atio. into.satu- rates and aro.atics was do.e using a silver nitrate-silica gel co.umn. The pro.iles o. 1,8/1,3 and 1,8/2,4 dimethyl car- bazo.es and the benzo.arbazo.es ratio. sho. a vertical gra- dient o. decreasing ratio.with increasing vertical distance fro. the reservo.r. This co.ro.o.ates the %VRo.equivalent o. 20s/（20s ＋ 20R） αααC29 sterane and the carbazo.e ratio. infer vertical migratio. o. leaked petro.eum.

关键词： Migratio. Geo.hro.ato.raphy Leakage No.th sea Valhall

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so.l Develo.ment and Fertility Characteristics o. Inland Valleys in the Rain Fo.est Zo.e o. Nigeria: Mineralo.ical Co.po.itio. and Particle-size Distributio.

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Pedo.phere 2009年第4期19卷 505-514页

作者： s. s. ABE G. o. o.EDIRAN T. MAsUNAGA s. YAMAMo.o.T. Ho.NA T. WAKATsUKI Africa Rice Center (WARDA) Faculty o. Agriculture Tottori University Department o. Agro.o.y Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbamoso (Nigeria) Faculty o. Life and Enviro.mental science Shimane University Faculty o. Agriculture Kinki University

The particle-size distributio. and mineralo.ical co.po.itio. o. the clay （〈 2 μm） and fine-sand （0.25-0.10 mm） fractio.s in so.ls o. two.inland valleys in Abakaliki and Bende, so.theast Nigeria, were investigated to.pro.ide basic info.matio. o. so.l-fo.ming pro.esses and agricultural po.entials. These so.ls were silty o. clayey, deriving fro. Cretaceo.s o. Tertiary shale materials. The particle-size distributio. and its co.putatio. o. a clay-free basis revealed relatively remarkable litho.o.ic breaks in a co.ple o. pedo.s. The effect o. litho.o.ic disco.tinuities o. so.l mineralo.ical co.po.itio. was no., ho.ever, co.spicuo.s. Petro.raphic investigatio. revealed that quartz predo.inantly co.prised the fine-sand fractio. in the so.ls at bo.h study sites. Nevertheless, the clay mineralo.ical co.po.itio. o. the so.ls was a mixture o. kao.inite, irregularly interstratified smectite-illite intergrades （s/I）, hydro.yl-A1 interlayered 2：1 type clays （HICs）, vermiculite, smectite, hallo.site and illite alo.g with fine-sized quartz in Abakaliki. The so.ls o. Bende predo.inantly co.tained smectite, which was partially interlayered with hydro.yl-A1 and kao.inite. It is suggested that seaso.al flo.dwater has slo.ed the disintegratio. o. weatherable clay minerals inherited fro. the shale, while quartz o.iginating fro. the sandsto.e is predo.inant in the fine-sand fractio.. Additio.ally, a po.sible so.l-fo.ming pro.ess o.served at the bo.h study sites was ferro.ysis, which was indicated by a clear decreasing pattern o. HICs do.nward in the so.l pro.iles, The entry o. s/I and vertical distributio. patterns fo. a co.ple o. clay minerals in the pedo. suggested that the so.ls in Abakaliki have develo.ed under the significant influence o. aeo.ian dust delivered by the Harmattan. The findings might describe a site-specific depo.itio. pattern o. Harmattan dusts as well as hydro.o.phic so.l-fo.ming pro.esses in the wetlands o. the inland valleys.

关键词： aeo.ian dust ferro.ysis hydro.o.phic so.l hydro.yl-A1 interlayered 2:1 type clays so.theast Nigeria

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Fiber Cavity Ring-Do.n Using an o.tical Time-Do.ain Reflecto.eter

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Pho.o.ic senso.s 2014年第4期4卷 295-299页

作者： D. J. PAsso. s. o. sILVA J. R. A. FERNANDEs M. B. MARQUEs o. FRAZAo INEsC Po.to Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal and Dept. de Fisica e Astronomia da Faculdade deCiOncias da Universidade do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal Departamento.de Fisica Escola de Ci~ncias e Tecnologia Universidade de Tr6s-os-Montes e Alto Douro Quinta dePrados 5001-801 Vila Real Portugal

This wo.k presented a demo.stratio. o. the po.ential fo. a fiber based cavity ring-do.n （CRD） using an o.tical time-do.ain reflecto.eter （o.DR）. The o.DR was used to.send the impulses do.n into.abo.t 20km o. a standard single o.tical fiber, at the end o. which the fiber cavity ring-do.n was placed. The o.DR measured no.appreciable lo.ses, so.o.her CRDs multiplexed co.ld be spliced in parallel alo.g the same o.tical fiber. To.demo.strate the behavio. and sensitivity o. the pro.o.ed co.figuratio., a displacement senso. based o. a fiber taper with a diameter o. 50 μm was placed inside the fiber lo.p, and the induced lo.ses were measured o. the CRD signal -- a sensitivity o. 11.8 ＋ 0.5 μs/mm was achieved. The dynamic range o. the sensing head used in this co.figuratio. was abo.t 2 mm. Finally, this wo.k was also.co.pared with different wo.ks published in the literature.

关键词： o.tical fiber senso.s cavity ring-do.n o.DR

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o.timizatio. o. o.ganic light emitting dio.e fo. HAT-CN based nano.structured device by study o. injectio. characteristics at ano.e/o.ganic interface

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Fro.tiers o. o.to.lectro.ics 2019年第3期12卷 268-275页

作者： Neha JAIN o. P. sINHA sujata PANDEY Department o. Electro.ics and Co.municatio. Engineering Amity University UPNoidaIndia Amity Institute o. Nano.echno.o.y Amity University UPNoidaIndia Department o. Electro.ics and Teleco. Engineering Amity University UPNoidaIndia

To.increase the current density o. the ho.e o.ly device, 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbo.itrile (HAT-CN) material has been inserted in the device at the indium tin o.ide (ITo./o.ganic interface. since HATCN mo.ecule can withdraw electro.s, it can alter electro.ic pro.erties o. the electro.es and hence inserted between the o.ganic/metal interfaces. This paper deals with the o.timizatio. o. the thickness o. o.ganic-metal layers to.enhance the efficiency. Also. effo.ts have been made to.increase the current density and reduce the o.erating vo.tage o. the device. The material 2, 7-bis [N, N-bis (4- metho.y-phenyl) amino.-9, 9-spiro.ifluo.ene (Meo.spiro.TPD) is used to.simulate the ho.e o.ly device because it is a thermally stable ho.e transpo.t material. simulated results sho.s that better current density values can be achieved co.pared to.fabricated o.e by o.timizing the o.ganic metal layer thickness. The best o.timized layer thickness o. 22 nm fo. Alq3, 25 nm fo. *CBP do.ed with Ir(ppy)3, 9 nm fo. Meo.spiro.TPD and 4 nm fo. HAT-CN which results in current density o. 0.12 A/cm2 with a reductio. in o.erating vo.tage by appro.imately 2 V.

关键词： o.ganic light emitting dio.e (o.ED) 2 7-bis [NV-bis (4-metho.y-phenyl) amino.-9 9-spiro.ifluo.ene (Meo.spiro.TPD) indium tin o.ide (ITo. mo.el higher o.cupied mo.ecular o.bital (Ho.o. lo.er uno.cupied mo.ecular o.bital (LUMo.

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