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How Can Practitioners support Citizen Volunteers in Disaster Risk Reduction? Insight from “Good and Ready” in Aotearoa New Zealand

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2024年第03期15卷 374-387页

作者： Lo?c Le Dé steve Ronoh Ei mon Thinn Kyu Brigitte Rive school of Public Health and Interdisciplinary studies Auckland University of Technology Pacific Health Research Centre Auckland University of Technology New Zealand Red Cross

Global and national policy frameworks emphasize the importance of people's participation and volunteers' role in disaster risk reduction. While research has extensively focused on volunteers in disaster response and recovery, less attention has been paid on how organizations involved in disaster risk management can support volunteers in leading and coordinating communitybased disaster risk reduction. In 2019, the New Zealand Red Cross piloted the Good and Ready initiative in Auckland,Aotearoa New Zealand, with the objective to empower local people in resilience building with a focus on volunteers and community participation. This research examined the positive and negative outcomes of Good and Ready and investigated volunteers' experiences in the disaster resilience initiative. It involved the codesign of a questionnaire-based survey using participatory methods with Good and Ready volunteers, the dissemination of the survey to gather volunteers' viewpoints, and a focus group discussion with participatory activities with Red Cross volunteers. The findings highlight that a key challenge lies in finding a balance between a program that provides flexibility to address contextual issues and fosters communities' ownership, versus a prescriptive and standardized approach that leaves little room for creativity and self-initiative. It pinpoints that supporting volunteers with technical training is critical but that soft skills training such as coordinating, communicating,or facilitating activities at the local level are needed. It concludes that the sustainability of Good and Ready requires understanding and meeting volunteers' motivations and expectations and that enhancing partnerships with local emergency management agencies would strengthen the program.

关键词： Community-based approach Disaster risk reduction New Zealand Participation Volunteers

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A comprehensive look at the psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology of spinal cord injury and its progression: mechanisms and clinical opportunities

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Military Medical Research 2024年第2期11卷 228-267页

作者： Miguel A.Ortega Oscar Fraile-Martinez Cielo García-montero sergio Haro Miguel Ángel Álvarez-mon Diego De Leon-Oliva Ana M.Gomez-Lahoz Jorge monserrat Mar Atienza-Pérez David Díaz Elisa Lopez-Dolado Melchor Álvarez-mon Department of Medicine and Medical specialities University of Alcala28801 Alcala de HenaresSpain Ramón y Cajal Institute of sanitary Research(IRYCIs) 28034 MadridSpain Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor28031 MadridSpain service of Rehabilitation National Hospital for Paraplegic PatientsCarr.de la PeraledaS/N45004 ToledoSpain Immune system Diseases‑Rheumatology service and Internal Medicine University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias(CIBEREHD)28806 Alcala de HenaresSpain

spinal cord injury(sCI)is a devastating and disabling medical condition generally caused by a traumatic event(primary injury).This initial trauma is accompanied by a set of biological mechanisms directed to ameliorate neural damage but also exacerbate initial damage(secondary injury).The alterations that occur in the spinal cord have not only local but also systemic consequences and virtually all organs and tissues of the body incur important changes after sCI,explaining the progression and detrimental consequences related to this ***(PNIE)is a growing area of research aiming to integrate and explore the interactions among the different systems that compose the human organism,considering the mind and the body as a *** initial traumatic event and the consequent neurological disruption trigger immune,endocrine,and multisystem dysfunction,which in turn affect the patient's psyche and *** the present review,we will explore the most important local and systemic consequences of sCI from a PNIE perspective,defining the changes occurring in each system and how all these mechanisms are ***,potential clinical approaches derived from this knowledge will also be collectively presented with the aim to develop integrative therapies to maximize the clinical management of these patients.

关键词： spinal cord injury(sCI) Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology(PNIE) secondary injury Immunoinflammatory dysfunction Gut microbiota Translational opportunities

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Changes in soil Physicochemical Properties under selected Climate-smart Agricultural Practices in Central African Republic

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Open Journal of soil science 2024年第1期14卷 97-114页

作者： Julie Léancy Gougodo De mon-Zoni Arnauld Dave Bangane Konzoba Jane Akoth Omenda Mohammad Zaman Ephrem Kosh-Komba Plant and Fungal Biodiversity Laboratory Faculty of Sciences University of Bangui Central African Republic Central African Institute for Agricultural Research (ICRA) Bangui Central African Republic Laboratoiry of Geoscience Faculty of Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Departement of Water & Agricultural Resources Management University of Embu Embu Kenya International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Vienna Austria Laboratory of Biological and Agronomical sciences for Development Faculty of Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic

soil nutrient depletion as a result of continuous cultivation with insufficient external nutrient replenishment is a major challenge in sub-saharan Africa (ssA). A trial using the organic and mineral fertilizer was established in the cassava cropping system of the Pissa and Damara areas to address the declining soil fertility. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of cow manure and mineral fertilizer in combination or sole application on soil physico-chemical properties and macronutrients. The experimental trial adopted a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated four times. The treatments comprised of;T1 (Control), T2 (Peasant practice), T3 (sole NPK), and T4 (Cow manure + NPK). The data on soil physicochemical analysis was subjected to a one-way analysis of variance in sAs 9.4 and the mean was separated by Tukey’s HsD test at p soil pH values ranged from 4.20 to 4.91;and 4.53 to 5.28 in Pissa and Damara respectively. According to the treatments, a low pH value is observed in T3 (4.13) in the Pissa. Combined use of cow manure and the mineral fertilizer resulted in higher Mg K and N in the Pissa region and higher soil pH in Damara. The use of sole NPK (T3) gave a higher soil carbon and CN ratio. In the Pissa region the CEC, Cu, Fe, and Zn were higher in the treatments with mineral fertilizer compared to the control. Conclusively, the use of mineral fertilizer and cow manure can be used with optimum rates to improve soil physico-chemical properties on a sustainable basis.

关键词： Cow Manure Physicochemical Nutrients Agroecology Nutrient Management

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Characterization of sediment from Ourokessoum, North Cameroon: Morphostructural, Mineralogical, and Physicochemical Properties

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第9期12卷 51-76页

作者： Atangana Jacqueline Ntsama Kadaguina Doussana Joseph Roland Atenga Essama Akoa Philémon Rémi Etoundi Bilobi Roland Touna Jean Pierre Nguetnkam Department of Earth sciences Faculty of Science University of Yaound I Yaound Cameroon Department of Earth sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundr Cameroon College of Civil Engineering and Architecture China Three Gorges University Yichang China Department of Mining Geology School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere Meiganga Cameroon

The present study examines the morphological, physicochemical, and mineralogical specificity of clay sediments in the Hamakoussou Basin with the objective of exploring their potential applications. Field data collection was followed by a series of physicochemical and mineralogical tests on the clay samples. Results show that the clay layers, which range in thickness from 11 - 120 cm, exhibit gray, yellowish, or greenish colors. From a physicochemical perspective, these clay layers are found to be basic with a pH ranging from 8.5 for the higher Hama2 layer to 7.6 for the lower Hama1 layer. The sum of exchangeable bases (s) is medium to high with higher values in the Hama1 layer (53.45 meq/100g) and lower values in the Hama3 layer (17.09 meq/100g). similarly, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) varies from 62.32 meq/100g for the higher Hama1N4 clay layer to 35.6 meq/100g for the lower Hama1N3 clay layer. Mineralogically, the clay materials are primarily composed of smectites, with illite, kaolinite, calcite, quartz, feldspar, hematite, and goethite also present. This study emphasizes the versatility of clay in various industries and scientific domains. It is known for its impermeability, plasticity, and fossil-preserving capabilities, making it a valuable material for economic, practical, and academic applications.

关键词： Morphostructural sediments Clay Layers sedimentary Basin Hamakoussou

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肢端黑色素瘤的认知和早期检测

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中国现代医学杂志 2024年第16期34卷 39-44页

作者： Ei Thae mon Win 粟娟鲁丽霞中南大学湘雅医院皮肤科湖南长沙410008

肢端黑色素瘤(AM)是黑色素瘤的一种亚型,病变分布于手掌、足底和甲床区域。不同人群AM的患病率存在差异,该亚型在白种人群中罕见,而在西班牙、非洲及亚洲人群中较为常见。研究表明,AM约占所有黑色素瘤患者的2%~3%。由于早期AM的临床诊... 详细信息

肢端黑色素瘤(AM)是黑色素瘤的一种亚型,病变分布于手掌、足底和甲床区域。不同人群AM的患病率存在差异,该亚型在白种人群中罕见,而在西班牙、非洲及亚洲人群中较为常见。研究表明,AM约占所有黑色素瘤患者的2%~3%。由于早期AM的临床诊断具有挑战性,且对早期AM缺乏认知这就导致AM患者在诊断时往往处于较晚期。因此,了解早期AM诊断的最新进展至关重要。AM与其他亚型皮肤黑色素瘤相比预后较差,对该疾病的早期认识也有助于制订治疗策略。该综述总结了AM的流行病学的特点、临床、皮肤镜和组织病理学特征,以期优化早期AM的检测策略提高患者的预后。

关键词：肢端黑色素瘤流行病学临床特征皮肤镜组织病理学

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Physicochemical characterization of forest and sugarcane leaf combustion’s particulate matters using electron microscopy,EDs,XRD and TGA

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2021年第1期33卷 296-310页

作者： Hay mon Oo Preechar Karin Nuwong Chollacoop Katsunori Hanamura Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangBangkok 10520Thailand National Metal and Materials Technology Center National Science and Technology Development AgencyPathum Thani 12120Thailand school of Engineering Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo 152-8552Japan

Physical characteristics and quantitative elemental composition of PM and residual ash produced from sugarcane leaves(sCL)combustion were investigated using TEM-EDs compared with forest leaves(FRL).sEM-EDs was used to analyze the microstructure and chemical composition of biomass raw leaves and *** analysis was also performed to investigate the characterization of the crystalline nanostructure,structure of PM,and residual ash compared to the TEM image processing *** oxidation kinetics of biomass raw materials,PM,and residual ash were investigated by *** morphology of fine and ultrafine agglomerate structure of sCL soot and residual ash are not significantly different from the FRL soot and residual *** average diameter sizes of single primary nanoparticles of sCL and FRL soot are approximately 37 nm and 35 nm,while the sizes of residual ash are about 18 nm and 22 nm,*** single primary nanoparticles of soot are mainly composed of curve line crystallites of carbon fringes,while residual ash is composed of straightline lattice *** average fringe lengths of sCL and FRL soot are about 1.25 nm and 1.04 nm from the outer shell and 0.89 nm and 0.74 nm from the inner *** interlayer spacing of curve line carbon fringes of sCL and FRL soot is approximately 0.359 nm and 0.362 nm by the TEM image analysis and it was matched with XRD *** biomass PMs are mainly composed of soot,si,Ca,and K compounds:siO_(2),CaCO3,and KCl.

关键词： Biomass combustion Particulate matter soot Ashes TEM XRD TGA

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A Xyloglucan Backbone 6-O-Acetyltransferase from Brachypodium distachyon Modulates Xyloglucan Xylosylation

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Molecular Plant 2016年第4期9卷 615-617页

作者： Lifeng Liu mon Mandy Hsia Murali Dama John Vogel Markus Pauly Department of Plant & Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA U.s. Department of Agriculture Western Regional Research Center Albany CA 94710 USA U.s. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Walnut Creek CA 94598 USA

Dear Editor,Plant cells are surrounded and protected by cell walls, which consist primarily of polymers such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectic polysaccharides, and the polyphenol lignin. One of the ma- jor hemicelluloses in the primary cell wall is xyloglucan （XyG）, which consists of a β-1,4-glucan backbone containing xylosyl substituents. XyG attaches and partially covers the surface of cellulose microfibrils and is therefore thought to act as a spacer between microfibrils, reducing cellulose aggregation （Pauly et al., 2013）.

关键词： Plant cells surrounded

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茄属植物对黄萎病和青枯病的抗性

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北京农业科学 1991年第5期9卷 50-52,F003页

作者： Y.sakata T. Nishio s.mon'ma 果振君

在茄子(solanum melongena)的栽培生产中青桔病(Pseudomonas solanacearum)和黄萎病(Verticillium dahliae)是两种难以用化学方法控制的病害,在亚洲和其它一些国家造成了很大损失(Kelman,1953).研究和利用抗病栽培品种或砧木是防治这两... 详细信息

在茄子(solanum melongena)的栽培生产中青桔病(Pseudomonas solanacearum)和黄萎病(Verticillium dahliae)是两种难以用化学方法控制的病害,在亚洲和其它一些国家造成了很大损失(Kelman,1953).研究和利用抗病栽培品种或砧木是防治这两种病害的最佳途径.然而,目前的研究工作还未能作到开发和利用更多的抗病品种或砧木.作者试图通过对茄属植物的研究发现新的抗黄萎病和青枯病材料.本文介绍了部分抗病筛选试验结果.

关键词：茄属植物黄萎病青枯病抗病性

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Risk-adjustment in hepatobiliarypancreatic surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第16期11卷 2450-2455页

作者： Hemant M Kocher Paris P Tekkis Palepu Gopal Ameet G Patel s.mon cottam Irving s Benjamin Academic Department of surgery King's College Hospital Denmark HillLondon SE5 9RYUK Department of Anaesthesia King's College Hospital Denmark HillLondon SE5 9RYUK

AIM: The present study evaluates the performance of the POssUM, the American society of Anesthetists (AsA), APACHE and Childs classification in predicting mortality and morbidity in hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) surgery. We describe especially the limitations and advantages of risk in stratifying the patients. METHODs: We investigated 177 randomly chosen patients undergoing elective complex HPB surgery in a single institution with a total of 71 pre-operative and intra-operative risk factors. Primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality and morbidity. Ordered logistic regression analysis was used to identify individual predictors of operative morbidity and mortality. REsULTs: The operative mortality in the series was 3.95%. This compared well with the p-POssUM and APACHE predicted mortality of 4.31% and 4.29% respectively. Postoperative complications amounted to 45% with 24 (13.6%) patients having a major adverse event. On multrvariate analysis the pre-operative POssUM physiological score (OR = 1.18, P = 0.009) was superior in predicting complications compared to the AsA (P= 0.108), APACHE (P= 0.117) or Childs classification (P= 0.136). In addition, serum sodium, creatinine, international normalized ratio (INR), pulse rate, and intra-operative blood loss were independent risk factors. A combination of the POssUM variables and INR offered the optimal combination of risk factors for risk prognostication in HPB surgery. CONCLUsION: Morbidity for elective HPB surgery can be accurately predicted and applied in everyday surgical practice as an adjunct in the process of informed consent and for effective allocation of resources for intensive and high-dependency care facilities.

关键词： Hepatobiliarypancreatic surgery Risk adjustment Operative mortality Operative morbidity Regression models

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Hyperscale Puts the <i>sapiens</i>into <i>Homo</i>

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International Journal of Intelligence science 2015年第1期5卷 13-36页

作者： Ron cottam Willy Ranson Roger Vounckx The Living systems Project Department of Electronics and Informatics Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Brussels Belgium IMEC vzw Leuven Belgium

The human mind’s evolution owes much to its companion phenomena of intelligence, sapience, wisdom, awareness and consciousness. In this paper we take the concepts of intelligence and sa-pience as the starting point of a route towards elucidation of the conscious mind. There is much disagreement and confusion associated with the word intelligence. A lot of this results from its use in diverse contexts, where it is called upon to represent different ideas and to justify different ar-guments. Addition of the word sapience to the mix merely complicates matters, unless we can relate both of these words to different concepts in a way which acceptably crosses contextual boundaries. We have established a connection between information processing and processor “architecture” which provides just such a linguistic separation, and which is applicable in either a computational or conceptual form to any context. This paper reports the argumentation leading up to a distinction between intelligence and sapience, and relates this distinction to human “cognitive” activities. Information is always contextual. Information processing in a system always takes place between “architectural” scales: intelligence is the “tool” which permits an “overview” of the relevance of individual items of information. system unity presumes a degree of coherence across all the scales of a system: sapience is the “tool” which permits an evaluation of the relevance of both individual items and individual scales of information to a common purpose. This hyperscalar coherence is created through mutual inter-scalar observation, whose recursive nature generates the independence of high-level consciousness, making humans human. We conclude that intelligence and sapience are distinct and necessary properties of all information processing systems, and that the degree of their availability controls a system’s or a human’s cognitive capacity, if not its appli-cation. This establishes intelligence and sapience as pri

关键词： Hyperscale Hierarchy Intelligence sapience Consciousness

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