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Multinational corporations and infectious disease: Embracing human rights management techniques

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 354-366,353页

作者： Kendyl salcito Burton H singer Mitchell G Weiss Mirko s Winkler Gary R Krieger mark Wielga Jürg Utzinger Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteP.O.BoxCH-4002BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003BaselSwitzerland NomoGaia 1900 Wazee StreetSuite 303DenverCO 80202USA NewFields LLCDenverCO 80202USA Emerging Pathogens Institute University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610USA

Background:Global health institutions have called for governments,international organisations and health practitioners to employ a human rights-based approach to infectious *** motivation for a human rights approach is clear:poverty and inequality create conditions for infectious diseases to thrive,and the diseases,in turn,interact with social-ecological systems to promulgate poverty,inequity and *** and intergovernmental organisations should be concerned with the control and elimination of these diseases,as widespread infections delay economic growth and contribute to higher healthcare costs and slower processes for realising universal human *** social determinants and economic outcomes associated with infectious diseases should interest multinational companies,partly because they have bearing on corporate productivity and,increasingly,because new global norms impose on companies a responsibility to respect human rights,including the right to ***:We reviewed historical and recent developments at the interface of infectious diseases,human rights and multinational *** investigation was supplemented with field-level insights at corporate capital projects that were developed in areas of high endemicity of infectious diseases,which embraced rights-based disease control ***:Experience and literature provide a longstanding business case and an emerging social responsibility case for corporations to apply a human rights approach to health programmes at global ***,in an increasingly globalised and interconnected world,multinational corporations have an interest,and an important role to play,in advancing rights-based control strategies for infectious ***:There are new opportunities for governments and international health agencies to enlist corporate business actors in disease control and elimination *** offered by the United Nations in 2011 that is widel

关键词： Infectious diseases Human rights systems-based interventions Multinational corporations Corporate social responsibility

TREM2 marks tumor-associated macrophages

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signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2020年第1期5卷 493-494页

作者： Kyohei Nakamura mark J.smyth QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston 4006 QLDAustralia

Immunosuppressive myeloid cells are recognized as a key barrier for cancer *** an integrated technology for single-cell RNA-sequencing and intracellular protein measurements,A recent paper published in Cell provides e... 详细信息

关键词： tumor immunotherapy myeloid

Inner blood-retina barrier involvement in dry age-related macular degeneration(AMD) pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1656-1657页

作者： Natalie Hudson mark Cahill Matthew Campbell Neurovascular Genetics Unit Smurfit Institute of GeneticsTrinity College DublinDublinIreland Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital Adelaide RoadDublin 2Ireland

Age-relatedmaculardegeneration(AMD)isaprogressiveneurodegenerative disease with a global prevalence of 8.7%in people over the age of 45. It is one of the leading causes of central retinal blindness in the industrialized world leading to loss of an individual’s ability to read, drive and see fine details, such as recognition of faces. By 2040, it is estimated that 288 million individuals worldwide will be diagnosed with AMD due to improved life expectancy(Wong et al., 2014).

关键词： AMD individual degeneration

sex-specific differences in white matter microvascular integrity after ischaemic stroke

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stroke & Vascular Neurology 2019年第4期4卷 198-205页

作者： mark R Etherton Ona Wu Pedro Cougo svetlana Lorenzano Hua Li Lisa Cloonan mark J R J Bouts Arne Lauer Ken Arai Eng H Lo steve K Feske Karen L Furie Natalia s Rost Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMAUnited States Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUnited States Medical school of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly Institute of Psychology Leiden UniversityLeidenNetherlands Department of Neuroradiology Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am MainFrankfurtGermany Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUnited States Department of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA

background and purpose Functional outcomes after ischaemic stroke are worse in women,despite adjusting for differences in comorbidities and treatment *** matter microvascular integrity represents one risk factor for poor long-term functional outcomes after ischaemic *** aim of the study is to characterise sex-specific differences in microvascular integrity in individuals with acute ischaemic *** A retrospective analysis of subjects with acute ischaemic stroke and brain MRI with diffusion-weighted(DWI)and dynamic-susceptibility contrast-enhanced(DsC)perfusion-weighted imaging obtained within 9 hours of last known well was *** the hemisphere contralateral to the acute infarct,normal-appearing white matter(NAWM)microvascular integrity was measured using the K_(2) coefficient and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)*** analyses for predictors of K_(2) coefficient,DWI volume and good outcome(90-day modified Rankin scale(mRs)scoresion criteria for *** no difference in age,women had increased NAWM K_(2) coefficient(1027.4 vs 692.7×10^(-6)/s;p=0.006).In women,atrial fibrillation(β=583.6;p=0.04)and increasing NAWM ADC(β=4.4;p=0.02)were associated with increased NAWM K_(2) *** multivariable regression analysis,the K_(2) coefficient was an independent predictor of DWI volume in women(β=0.007;p=0.01)but not *** In women with acute ischaemic stroke,increased NAWM K_(2) coefficient is associated with increased infarct volume and chronic white matter structural *** studies investigating sex-specific differences in white matter microvascular integrity are needed.

关键词： microvascular white coefficient

Modelling schemes for multi-party blockchain-based systems to support integrity analysis

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2021年第2期2卷 111-119页

作者： sin Kuang Lo mark staples Xiwei Xu Data61 CSIROSydneyAustralia school of Computer science and Engineering The University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

Multi-party systems are important for business processes but can be *** facilitates trust in multiparty systems by providing transparency,decentralised control,and immutable transaction history,to improve security and accountability between *** use of cryptographic hashes and the continual validation of the shared ledger in a blockchain system provides parties with data integrity for historical transactions and process integrity for smart contract ***,in the design of a broader system combining a blockchain with off-chain components,it is not always clear how system-level integrity is *** paper proposes two modelling schemes to better understand blockchain's support for integrity in multi-party blockchain-based *** schemes model interactions between components in an architecture as security protocols,for analysis by standard techniques and *** first illustrate how blockchain-based systems can be abstractly modelled directly as security *** we show how blockchain-specific issues such as consensus-based‘forking’(also known as‘orphan blocks’or‘uncle blocks’)can be *** allows transaction reordering behaviour to manifest in the model,and allows design mitigation for that problem to be *** illustrate our approach with analyses of three design alternatives for possible enhancements to a multi-party system for sharing trade certificates.

关键词： Blockchain Data integrity Multi-party systems security protocol Blockchain anomaly

Quantum effects on dislocation motion from ring-polymer molecular dynamics

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 198-203页

作者： Rodrigo Freitas.mark Asta Vasily V.Bulatov Department of Materials science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA 94550USA Materials sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Materials science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Quantum motion of atoms known as zero-point vibration was recently proposed to explain a long-standing discrepancy between theoretically computed and experimentally measured low-temperature plastic strength of iron and possibly other metals with high atomic *** finding challenges the traditional notion that quantum motion of atoms is relatively unimportant in solids comprised of heavy *** we report quantum dynamic simulations of quantum effects on dislocation motion within the exact formalism of Ring-Polymer Molecular Dynamics(RPMD).To extend the reach of quantum atomistic simulations to length and time scales relevant for extended defects in materials,we implemented RPMD in the open-source code LAMMPs thus making the RPMD method widely available to the *** use our RPMD/LAMMPs approach for direct calculations of dislocation mobility and its effects on the yield strength ofα-*** simulation results establish that quantum effects are noticeable at temperatures below 50 K but account for only a modest(≈13% at T=0 K)overall reduction in the Peierls barrier,at variance with the factor of two reduction predicted earlier based on the more approximate framework of harmonic transition state *** results confirm that zero-point vibrations provide ample additional agitation for atomic motion that increases with decreasing temperature,however its enhancing effect on dislocation mobility is largely offset by an increase in the effective atom size,an effect known as quantum dispersion that has not been accounted for in the previous calculations.

关键词： theory quantum motion

Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck—an old problem revisited

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Frontiers of Medicine 2013年第4期7卷 517-519页

作者： John Bunni mark Gillam Ian Michael Pope Department of General surgery Bristol Royal InfirmaryBristol BS28HWUK

Herein the authors describe the case of a young woman presenting with a tender lump in her *** the differential was of either a reactive lymph node or a femoral *** scan was urgently arranged and showed a cystic *** exploration was carried out and revealed this to be a hydrocele of the canal of *** was excised and the patient’s symptoms resolved and she was discharged home the following *** explore the embryology,pathophysiology and management of this rare entity.

关键词： canal of Nuck hernia embryology

Predicting intensity of white-tailed deer herbivory in the Central Appalachian Mountains

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第3期29卷 830-839页

作者： Andrew B.Kniowski W.mark Ford Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech U.s. Geological survey Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Virginia Tech

In eastern North America, white-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus) can have profound influences on forest biodiversity and forest successional *** to high deer populations in the central Appalachians have resulted in lower forest *** effects in some areas persist even following deer population reductions or declines. This has prompted managers to consider deer population management goals in light of policies designed to support conservation of biodiversity and forest regeneration while continuing to support ample recreational hunting opportunities. However,despite known relationships between herbivory intensity and biodiversity impact, little information exists on the predictability of herbivory intensity across the varied and spatially diverse habitat conditions of the central Appalachians. We examined the predictability of browsing rates across central Appalachian landscapes at four environmental scales: vegetative community characteristics, physical environment, habitat configuration, and local human and deer population demographics. In an information-theoretic approach, we found that a model fitting the number of stems browsed relative to local vegetation characteristics received most(62%) of the overall support of all tested models assessing herbivory impact. Our data suggest that deer herbivory responded most predictably to differences in vegetation quantity and type. No other spatial factors or demographic factors consistently affected browsing intensity. Because herbivory, vegetation communities, and productivity vary spatially, we suggest that effective broad-scale herbivory impact assessment should include spatially-balanced vegetation monitoring that accounts for regional differences in deer forage *** monitoring is necessary to avoid biodiversity impacts and deleterious changes in vegetation community composition that are difficult to reverse and/or may not be detected using traditional deer-density based

关键词： Biodiversity Central Appalachian Mountains Herbivory Odocoileus virginianus Predicting browsing intensity White-tailed deer

Reversible phosphorylation of the 26s proteasome

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Protein & Cell 2017年第4期8卷 255-272页

作者： Xing Guo Xiuliang Huang mark J. Chen The Life sciences Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein science School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijinq 100084 China Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Genentech Inc. South San Francisco CA 94080 USA

The 26s proteasome at the center of the ubiquitin- proteasome system （UPs） is essential for virtually all cellular processes of eukaryotes. A common miscon- ception about the proteasome is that, once made, it remains as a static and uniform complex with sponta- neous and constitutive activity for protein degradation. Recent discoveries have provided compelling evidence to support the exact opposite insomuch as the 26s proteasome undergoes dynamic and reversible phos- phorylation under a variety of physiopathological con- ditions. In this review, we summarize the history and current understanding of proteasome phosphorylation, and advocate the idea of targeting proteasome kinases/ phosphatases as a new strategy for clinical interven- tions of several human diseases.

关键词： proteasome phosphorylation kinase,phosphatase protein degradation