Bioactive molecules have shown great promise for effectively regulating various bone formation processes,rendering them attractive therapeutics for bone ***,the widespread application of bioactive molecules islimited...
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Bioactive molecules have shown great promise for effectively regulating various bone formation processes,rendering them attractive therapeutics for bone ***,the widespread application of bioactive molecules is limited by their low accumulation and short half-lives in *** have emerged as ideal carriers to address these challenges,offering the potential to prolong retention times at lesion sites,extend half-lives in vivo and mitigate side effects,avoid burst release,and promote adsorption under physiological *** review systematically summarizes the recent advances in the development of bioactive molecule-loaded hydrogels for bone regeneration,encompassing applications in cranial defect repair,femoral defect repair,periodontal bone regeneration,and bone regeneration with underlying ***,this review discusses the current strategies aimed at improving the release profiles of bioactive molecules through stimuli-responsive delivery,carrier-assisted delivery,and sequential ***,this review elucidates the existing challenges and future directions of hydrogel encapsulated bioactive molecules in the field of bone regeneration.
The first Water Cherenkov detector of thelHAAsO experiment(WCDA-1)has been operating since April *** data for the first year have been analyzed to test its performance by observing the Crab Nebula as a standard *** W...
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The first Water Cherenkov detector of the lHAAsO experiment(WCDA-1)has been operating since April *** data for the first year have been analyzed to test its performance by observing the Crab Nebula as a standard *** WCDA-1 achieves a sensitivity of 65 mCU per year,with a statistical threshold of 5 *** accomplish this,a 97.7%cosmic-ray background rejection rate around 1 TeV and 99.8%around 6 TeV with an ap proximate photon acceptance of 50%is achieved after applying an algorithm to separate gamma-induced *** angular resolution is measured using the Crab Nebula as a point source to be approximately 0.45°at 1 TeV and better than 0.2°above 6 TeV,with a pointing accuracy better than 0.05°.These values all match the design *** energy resolution is found to be 33%for gamma rays around 6 *** spectral energy distribution of the Crab Nebula in the range from 500 GeV to 15.8 TeV is measured and found to be in agreement with the results from other TeV gamma ray observatories.
Coal direct liquefaction technology is a crucial contemporary coal chemical technology for efficient and clean use of coal resources. The development of direct coalliquefaction technology and the promotion of alterna...
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Coal direct liquefaction technology is a crucial contemporary coal chemical technology for efficient and clean use of coal resources. The development of direct coal liquefaction technology and the promotion of alternative energy sources are important measures to guarantee energy security and economic security. However, several challenges need to be addressed, including low conversion rate, inadequate oil yield, significant coking, demanding reaction conditions, and high energy consumption. Extensive research has been conducted on these issues, but further exploration is required in certain aspects such as pyrolysis of macromolecules during the liquefaction process, hydrogen activation, catalysts' performance and stability, solvent hydrogenation, as well as interactions between free radicals to understand their mechanisms better. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the design strategy for efficient catalysts in coal liquefaction, encompassing the mechanism of coal liquefaction, catalyst construction,and enhancement of catalytic conversion efficiency. It serves as a comprehensive guide for further research endeavors. Firstly, it systematically summarizes the conversion mechanism of direct coal liquefaction, provides detailed descriptions of various catalyst design strategies, and especially outlines the catalytic mechanism. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges and prospects associated with constructing efficient catalysts for direct coal liquefaction based on an understanding of their action mechanisms.
Water use efficiency(WUE),as a pivotal indicator of the coupling degree within the carbon–water cycle of ecosystems,holds considerable importance in assessment of the carbon–water balance within terrestrial ***,in t...
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Water use efficiency(WUE),as a pivotal indicator of the coupling degree within the carbon–water cycle of ecosystems,holds considerable importance in assessment of the carbon–water balance within terrestrial ***,in the context of global warming,WUE evolution and its primary drivers on the Tibetan Plateau remain *** study employed the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method and the random forest algorithm to decipher the nonlinear trends and drivers of WUE on the Tibetan Plateau in 2001–*** indicated an annual mean WUE of 0.8088 gC/mm·m^(2)across the plateau,with a spatial gradient reflecting decrease from the southeast toward the *** manifesting monotonous trends of increase or decrease in WUE accounted for 23.64%and 9.69%of the total,***,66.67%of the region exhibited trend reversals,i.e.,39.94%of the area of the Tibetan Plateau showed transition from a trend of increase to a trend of decrease,and 26.73%of the area demonstrated a shift from a trend of decrease to a trend of *** factors accounted for 70.79%of the variability in *** leaf area index and temperature served as the major driving forces of WUE variation.
The early stages of crystallization and occurrence of surface wrinkling were investigated using poly(butadiene)-block-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) with an ordered lamellar structure. Direct evidence has demonstrated tha...
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The early stages of crystallization and occurrence of surface wrinkling were investigated using poly(butadiene)-block-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) with an ordered lamellar structure. Direct evidence has demonstrated that surface wrinkling precedes nucleation and crystal growth. This study examined the relationship between surface wrinkling, nucleation, and the formation of crystalline supramolecular structures using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray scattering measurements. surface wrinkling is attributed to curving induced by accumulated stresses, including residual stress from the sample preparation and thermal stress during cooling. These stresses cause large-scale material flow and corresponding changes in the molecular conformations, potentially reducing the nucleation barrier. This hypothesis is supported by the rapid crystal growth observed following the spread of surface wrinkles. Additionally, the surface curving of the polymer thin film creates local minima of the free energy, facilitating nucleation. The nuclei subsequently grow into crystalline supramolecular structures by incorporating polymer molecules from the melt. This mechanism highlights the role of localized structural inhomogeneity in the early stages of crystallization and provides new insights into structure formation processes.
Aqueous Ni-Zn microbatteries are safe,reliable and inexpensive but notoriously suffer from inadequate energy and power ***,we present a novel mechanism of superoxide-activated Ni substrate that realizes the redox reac...
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Aqueous Ni-Zn microbatteries are safe,reliable and inexpensive but notoriously suffer from inadequate energy and power ***,we present a novel mechanism of superoxide-activated Ni substrate that realizes the redox reaction featuring three-electron transfers(Ni↔Ni3+).The superoxide activates the direct redox reaction between Ni substrate and KNiO_(2)by lowering the reaction Gibbs free energy,supported by in-situ Raman and density functional theory *** prepared chronopotentiostatic superoxidation-activated Ni(CPs-Ni)electrodes exhibit an ultrahigh capacity of 3.21 mAh cm^(-2)at the current density of 5 mA cm^(-2),nearly 8 times that of traditional one-electron processes *** under the ultrahigh 200 mA cm^(-2)current density,the CPs-Ni electrodes show 86.4%capacity retention with a Columbic efficiency of 99.2%after 10,000 *** CPs-Ni||Zn microbattery achieves an exceptional energy density of 6.88 mWh cm^(-2)and power density of 339.56 mW cm^(-2).Device demonstration shows that the power source can continuously operate for more than 7 days in powering the sensing and computation intensive practical application of photoplethysmographic waveform *** work paves the way to the development of multi-electron transfer mechanisms for advanced aqueous Ni-Zn batteries with high capacity and long lifetime.
The Pearl River Delta(PRD)region has been identified as a significant hotspot of wet ammonium ***,the absence of long-term monitoring data in the area hinders the comprehension of the historical trends and changes in ...
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The Pearl River Delta(PRD)region has been identified as a significant hotspot of wet ammonium ***,the absence of long-term monitoring data in the area hinders the comprehension of the historical trends and changes in wet NH_(4)^(+)-N deposition in response to emissions,which interferes with the ability to make effective *** study has analyzed the long-term trends of wet NH_(4)^(+)-N deposition flux and has quantified the effect of anthropogenic emissions and meteorological factors at a typical urban site and a typical forest site in the PRD region from 2009 to *** revealed a significant decreasing trend in wet NH_(4)^(+)-N flux in both the typical urban and forest areas of the PRD region,at-6.2%/year(pssions are thought to have contributed 47%–57%of the wet NH_(4)^(+)-N deposition trend over the past 12 years compared to meteorological *** conditions dominated the interannual fluctuations in wet NH_(4)^(+)-N deposition with an absolute contribution of 46%–52%,while anthropogenic emissions change alone explained 10%–31%.NH_(3)emissions have the greatest impact on the urban area among anthropogenic emission factors,while sO_(2)emissions have the greatest impact on the forest ***,precipitation was identified as the primary meteorological driver for both *** findings also imply that the benefits of NH_(3)emissions reductions might not immediately emerge due to interference from weather-related factors.
Gross primary production(GPP)is a crucial indicator representing the absorption of atmospheric CO_(2) by *** present,the estimation of GPP by remote sensing is mainly based on leaf-related vegetation indexes and leaf-...
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Gross primary production(GPP)is a crucial indicator representing the absorption of atmospheric CO_(2) by *** present,the estimation of GPP by remote sensing is mainly based on leaf-related vegetation indexes and leaf-related biophysical para-meter leaf area index(lAI),which are not completely synchronized in seasonality with *** this study,we proposed chlorophyll content-based light use efficiency model(CC-lUE)to improve GPP estimates,as chlorophyll is the direct site of photosynthesis,and only the light absorbed by chlorophyll is used in the photosynthetic *** CC-lUE model is constructed by establishing a linear correlation between satellite-derived canopy chlorophyll content(Chlcanopy)and *** method was calibrated and validated utiliz-ing 7-d averaged in-situ GPP data from 14 eddy covariance flux towers covering deciduous broadleaf forest ecosystems across five dif-ferent climate *** showed a relatively robust seasonal consistency between Chlcanopy with GPP in deciduous broadleaf forests under different climatic *** CC-lUE model explained 88% of the in-situ GPP seasonality for all validation site-year and 56.0% of in-situ GPP variations through the growing season,outperforming the three widely used lUE models(MODIs-GPP algorithm,Vegetation Photosynthesis Model(VPM),and the eddy covariance-light use efficiency model(EC-lUE)).Additionally,the CC-lUE model(RMsE=0.50 g C/(m^(2)·d))significantly improved the underestimation of GPP during the growing season in semi-arid region,re-markably decreasing the root mean square error of averaged growing season GPP simulation and in-situ GPP by 75.4%,73.4%,and 37.5%,compared with MOD17(RMsE=2.03 g C/(m^(2)·d)),VPM(RMsE=1.88 g C/(m^(2)·d)),and EC-lUE(RMsE=0.80 g C/(m^(2)·d))*** chlorophyll-based method proved superior in capturing the seasonal variations of GPP in forest ecosystems,thereby provid-ing the possibility of a more precise depiction of forest seasonal carbon uptake.
In recent years,gait-based emotion recognition has been widely applied in the field of computer ***,existing gait emotion recognition methods typically rely on complete human skeleton data,and their accuracy significa...
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In recent years,gait-based emotion recognition has been widely applied in the field of computer ***,existing gait emotion recognition methods typically rely on complete human skeleton data,and their accuracy significantly declines when the data is *** enhance the accuracy of gait emotion recognition under occlusion,this paper proposes a Multi-scale suppression Graph ConvolutionalNetwork(Ms-GCN).TheMs-GCN consists of three main components:Joint Interpolation Module(JI Moudle),Multi-scale Temporal Convolution Network(Ms-TCN),and suppression Graph Convolutional Network(sGCN).The JI Module completes the spatially occluded skeletal joints using the(K-Nearest Neighbors)KNN interpolation *** Ms-TCN employs convolutional kernels of various sizes to comprehensively capture the emotional information embedded in the gait,compensating for the temporal occlusion of gait *** sGCN extracts more non-prominent human gait features by suppressing the extraction of key body part features,thereby reducing the negative impact of occlusion on emotion recognition *** proposed method is evaluated on two comprehensive datasets:Emotion-Gait,containing 4227 real gaits from sources like BMl,ICT-Pollick,and ElMD,and 1000 synthetic gaits generated using sTEP-Gen technology,and ElMB,consisting of 3924 gaits,with 1835 labeled with emotions such as“Happy,”“sad,”“Angry,”and“Neutral.”On the standard datasets Emotion-Gait and ElMB,the proposed method achieved accuracies of 0.900 and 0.896,respectively,attaining performance comparable to other ***,on occlusion datasets,the proposedmethod significantly mitigates the performance degradation caused by occlusion compared to other methods,the accuracy is significantly higher than that of other methods.
In thisstudy,a friction piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator(HNG)with a sponge-like structure was developed.A novel temporary solution template process was proposed to create smaller,uniformly distributed pores within ...
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In this study,a friction piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator(HNG)with a sponge-like structure was developed.A novel temporary solution template process was proposed to create smaller,uniformly distributed pores within the sponge structure,allowing for the complete volatilization of the porous agent without causing structural *** output voltage of the porous HNG structure was nearly twice that of its solid structure,demonstrating superior electrical output performance.A peak-to-peak open circuit voltage of 168 V,a short circuit current density of 36.41μA cm^(-2),and a maximum power density of 32 W m^(-2) were obtained at a load resistance of 200 MΩ by periodically compressing an HNG with a dimension of 0.8 cm×0.8 *** generated electricity was sufficient to directly illuminate 180 tandem white lEDs and power small electronic *** addition,this study shows that the HNG could detect electrical signals from different parts of the human body during movement,suggesting significant potential for applications in energy harvesting and motion sensing.
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