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soaking Induced Changes in Chemical Composition, Glycemic Index and starch Characteristics of basmati Rice

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Rice science 2015年第5期22卷 227-236页

作者： s.J.kALE s.k.JHA G.k.JHA J.P.sINHA s.b.LAL Division of Food science and Post Harvest Technology Indian Agricultural Research Institute Division of Agricultural Economics Indian Agricultural Research Institute Division of Agricultural Engineering Indian Agricultural Research Institute Division of Computer Applications Indian Agricultural Research Institute

An attempt was made to determine the qualitative changes in basmati rice （Pusa basmati 1121, Pbl121） during soaking at 40 ℃ to 80 ℃. soaking temperature had significant effect （a = 0.01） on chemical composition, glycemic index and starch characteristics of rice. starch content, apparent amylose content, crude protein content and crude fat content in un-soaked rice were found to be 73.24%, 27.26%, 8.79% and 2.56%, respectively, but differences in these traits were observed after soaking. Amylose to amylopectin ratio （Am/Ap） decreased from 0.59 to 0.52 （soaked at 80 ℃）. Crude fibre and crude ash contents increased after soaking. The mineral composition （k, P, s, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn） in soaked rice was found to be 16.46% higher than un-soaked rice at the same degree of polishing. Glycemic index of un-soaked rice was found to be 58.41, but decreased to 54.31 after soaking at 80 ℃. Pasting properties, scanning electron microscope images, and X-ray diffractograms suggested partial gelatinization of starch in the temperature range of 60 ℃ to 80 ℃. based on qualitative changes in rice （apparent amylose content, Am/Ap ratio and crystallinity rate）, it was concluded that intermediate soakincl temperatures （60 ℃ to 70 ℃） would be useful for soaking of Pb1121.

关键词： basmati rice soaking glycemic index starch characteristic temperature chemicalcomposition crystallinity

3D Casson nanofluid flow over slendering surface in a suspension of gyrotactic microorganisms with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2018年第5期39卷 623-638页

作者： V.NAGENDRAMMA C.s.k.RAJU b.MALLIkARJUNA s.A.sHEHZAD A.LEELARATHNAM Department of Mathematics SPMVV University Department of Mathematics GITAM University Department of Mathematics BMS College of Engineering Department of Mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

A mathematical model is proposed to execute the features of the non-uniform heat source or sink in the chemically reacting magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） Casson fluid across a slendering sheet in the presence of microorganisms and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux. Multiple slips （diffusion, thermal, and momentum slips） are applied in the modeling of the heat and mass transport processes. The Runge-kutta based shooting method is used to find the solutions. Numerical simulation is carried out for various values of the physical constraints when the Casson index parameter is positive, negative, or infinite with the aid of plots. The coefficients of the skin factors, the local Nusselt number, and the sherwood number are estimated for different parameters, and discussed for engineering interest. It is found that the gyrotactic microorganisms are greatly encouraged when the dimensionless parameters increase, especially when the Casson fluid parameter is negative. It is worth mentioning that th~ velocity profiles when the Casson fluid parameter is positive are higher than those when the Casson fluid parameter is negative or infinite, whereas the temperature and concentration fields show exactly opposite phenomena.

关键词： microorganisms multiple slip Casson fluid Cattaneo-Christov heat flux,slendering sheet

Traditional fishing activities enhance the abundance of selected waterbird species in a wetland in India

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Avian Research 2017年第2期8卷 91-100页

作者： k.M.Aarif Aymen Nefla s.b.Muzaffar k.k.Musammilu P.k.Prasadan Department of Zoology Mananthavady CampusKannur UniversityEdavaka POWayanad DistrictKeralaIndia Department of biology University of Sciences of TunisEl Manar II2092 TunisTunisia Department of biology United Arab Emirates UniversityPO Box 15551Al AinUnited Arab Emirates Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources(PMFGR)Centre of NbFGR CMFRI CampusKochiKerala 682 018India

background:Waterbirds are globally declining as a result of habitat loss, alteration or degradation. Fishing activities may affect waterbird distribution, abundance and diversity, and traditional fishing activities often enhance waterbird abundance. We tested this hypothesis by studying the abundance and diversity of selected common waterbird species in the kadalundi–Vallikkunnu Community Reserve, a globally significant wetland in southwestern India in relation to fishing ***:We monitored waterbird abundance four times a month from 2012 to 2015 using direct observation method during low tide. Traditional bamboo fish traps were deployed during the first and third weeks of each month. ANOVAs(one-way and multi-way) were used to examine how waterbird counts diversity varied in relation to years, seasons and period of fishing traps. Additionally we conducted a linear regression to examine the relationship between fish occurrence and waterbird counts and ***:Waterbird counts varied with years and seasons, with the maximum counts being recorded during the postmonsoon(winter). Individual species varied in their responses to trap deployment. small waterbird species usually forage in shallow shorelines, increased during trap deployment whereas the larger waterbirds were not affected by trap deployment because they tend to hunt in deeper waters. The total fish captured was an important predictor of both waterbird abundance and ***:In this study we documented a positive association between traditional fish trap deployment and waterbird counts and diversity. Providing high quality habitats for waterbirds as well as effective sustainable livelihoods through traditional fisheries is a critical management issue.

关键词： Waterbird abundance Waterbird diversity Traditional fishery Fish trap Fish capture kadalundi–Vallikkunnu Community Reserve

Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of multi-elements-doped ZrO_2 for degradation of indigo carmine

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Journal of Rare Earths 2015年第5期33卷 498-506页

作者： E.s.Agorku A.T.kuvarega b.b.Mamba A.C.Pandey A.k.Mishra Department of Applied Chemistry University of Johannesburg University of south Africa College of Engineering Science and Technology Nanotechnology & Water Sustainability Research Unit Florida Campus Nanotechnology and Application Centre University of Allahabad

In this study, C,N,s-doped ZrO2 and a series of Eu doped C,N,s-ZrO2 photocatalysts were synthesized by a coprecipitation method using thiourea as the source of C, N and s and Eu（NO3）·6H2O as source of Eu. The materials were characterized by X-ray dif-fraction （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy （sEM）/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Indigo carmine （IC） was chosen as a model for organic pollutants and used to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the photo-catalysts under simulated solar light. Commercial ZrO2 was used as a reference material. XRD and Raman results indicated the for-mation of both tetragonal and monoclinic phase ZrO2 with particle size ranging from 8–30 nm. Multi-element doping had a great in-fluence on the optical responses manifested as red shift in the absorption edge. The highest photocatalytic activity towards IC was observed for the Eu,C,N,s-doped ZrO2 （0.6 mol.%Eu） sample （k=1.09×10–2 min–1）. The commercial ZrO2 showed the lowest photo-degradation activity （k=5.83×10–4 min–1）. The results showed that the control of Eu doping in the C,N,s-ZrO2 was very important in reducing electron-hole recombination. The synergistic effect of Eu, C, N, and s in the ZrO2 matrix led to enhanced utilization of simulated solar energy for the degradation of IC through narrowing of bandgaps.

关键词： photocatalysis indigo carmine multi-elements-doped ZrO2 rare earths

Influence of coke structure on coke quality using image analysis method

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International Journal of Coal science & Technology 2018年第4期5卷 473-485页

作者： b.Ghosh b.k.sahoo b.Chakrabortv k.k.Manjhi s.k.Das J.N.sahu Atul k.Varma Research & Development Centre for Iron and steel Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)RanchiJharkhand 834002India Institute of Chenlical Technology Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Stuttgart70550 StuttgartGermany Coal Geology and Organic Petrology Laboratory Department of Applied GeologyIITIndian School of Mines (ISM)Dhanbad 826004India south Ural state University 76Lenin Aven.ChelyabinskRussia 454080

The quality of coke affects the performance of the blast furnace, factors affecting coke quality include coal properties, coal charge granulometry and carbonization conditions. The coke properties in elude the size analysis, cold strength (Micum Indices-M4(). MI0) and hot strength (Coke Reactivity Index-CRI, Coke strength after Reaction-CsR) properties and structural properties such as coke structure and texture. structural properties comprise the porosity, pore-cell wall thickness and pore sizes, while textures consist of the carbon forms in the coke. In present work, advanced method such as image analysis method was used to interpret coke microstructure. Conventional methods such as determination of coke porosity by measurement of real and apparent density and mercury porosimetry have a number of limitations. Coke size, magnification, number of image frames captured, process of pellet preparations and coke properties such as M4(), M|0, CRI and CsR (low, medium and high values) were taken as variables for experimental purposes. The coke structure parameters such as porosity, length, perimeter, breadth, roundness, pore-wall thickness and pore size distribution of the pores were determined by image analysis method. This method provided average porosity in addition to pore-wall thickness and pore-size distribution. The pore wall thickness measuremenl by image analysis method provided significant correlations with M40, CRI and CsR values. This explained the usability of image analysis for coke structure measurement.

关键词： Image analysis Coke structure Porosity Micro structure Roundness Pore wall thickness

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg–7.4% Al Alloy Matrix Composites Reinforced by Nanocrystalline Al–Ca Intermetallic Particles

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Acta Metallurgica sinica(English Letters) 2015年第4期28卷 444-448页

作者： A.k.Chaubey b.b.Jha b.k.Mishra Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT)

Mg-7.6% Al （in mass fraction） alloy matrix composites reinforced with different volume fractions of nano- crystalline Al3Cas particles were synthesized by powder metallurgy, and the effect of the volume fraction of reinforcement on the mechanical properties was studied. Room temperature compression test reveals considerable improvement on mechanical properties as compared to unreinforced matrix. The compressive strength increases from 683 MPa for unre- inforced alloy matrix to about 767 and 823 MPa for the samples having 20 and 40 vol% of reinforcement, respectively, while retaining appreciable plastic deformation ranging between 12 and 24%. The specific strength of the composites increased significantly, demonstrating the effectiveness of the low-density AlaCas reinforcement.

关键词： Intermetallics Consolidation Dispersion strengthening Powder metallurgy Mechanicalproperty Electron microscopy

Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma:Current status and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第6期29卷 1054-1075页

作者： Deepa s Mandlik satish k Mandlik Heena b Choudhary Department of Pharmacology BVDUPoona College of PharmacyPune 411038MaharashtraIndia Department of Pharmaceutics BVDUPoona College of PharmacyPune 411038MaharashtraIndia

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the world’s deadliest and fastestgrowing tumors,with a poor *** develops in the context of chronic liver *** resection,surgery(liver transplantation),trans-arterial chemoembolization,radioembolization,radiofrequency ablation and chemotherapy are common treatment options for HCC,however,they will only assist a limited percentage of *** treatments for advanced HCC are ineffective and aggravate the underlying liver *** promising preclinical and early-phase clinical trials for some drugs,existing systemic therapeutic methods for advanced tumor stages remain limited,underlining an unmet clinical *** current years,cancer immunotherapy has made significant progress,opening up new treatment options for ***,on the other hand,has a variety of causes and can affects the body’s immune system via a variety of *** the speedy advancement of synthetic biology and genetic engineering,a range of innovative immunotherapies,such as immune checkpoint inhibitors[anti-programmed cell death-1(PD-1),anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4,and anti-PD ligand 1 cell death antibodies],therapeutic cancer vaccines,engineered cytokines,and adoptive cell therapy have all been used for the treatment of advanced *** this review,we summarize the present clinical and preclinical landscape of immunotherapies in HCC,critically discuss recent clinical trial outcomes,and address future perspectives in the field of liver cancer.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Immunotherapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors Alpha-fetoprotein Cancer vaccine Combination therapies

biomass and carbon stocks in mangrove ecosystems of kerala,southwest coast of India

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 355-363页

作者： k.M.Harishma s.sandeep V.b.sreekumar Department of Forest botany Kerala Forest Research InstitutePeechiKerala 680653India Department of soil science Kerala Forest Research InstitutePeechiKerala 680653India

background:Mangroves are important tropical carbon sinks,and their role in mitigating climate change is well documented across the ***,the ecosystem carbon stocks in the mangroves of India have not been studied *** from this region is very limited for providing sufficient insights and authentic evaluation of carbon stocks on a regional *** this study,we evaluated the ecosystem carbon stock and its spatial variation in mangroves of kerala,southwest coast of ***:The mean biomass stored in mangrove vegetation of kerala is 117.11±1.02 t/ha(AbG=80.22±0.80,bGb=36.89±0.23 t/ha).six mangrove species were found distributed in the study *** the different species,Avicennia marina had the highest biomass(162.18 t/ha)and least biomass was observed in sonneratia alba(0.61 t/ha).The mean ecosystem carbon stock of mangrove systems in kerala was estimated to be 139.82 t/ha,equivalent to 513.13 t CO2 e/ha with the vegetation and soil storing 58.56 t C/ha and 81.26 t C/ha ***:The present study reveals that kerala mangroves store sizable volume of carbon and therefore need to be preserved and managed sustainably,to retain along with the increase in carbon *** features the need of broadening mangrove cover as well as restoring deteriorated land in the past 50 *** mangrove forests in this region are protected by the kerala Forest Department,they have been frequently facing illegal encroachment,prawn cultivation,and coastal erosion.

关键词： Mangrove ecosystem biomass Aboveground carbon belowground carbon Ecosystem carbon stock

kinetic Parameters Estimation of MgO-C Refractory by shrinking Core Model

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2006年第6期22卷 826-832页

作者： b.Hashemi Z.A.Nemati s.k.sadrnezhaad Z.A.Moghimi Department of Materials science School of EngineeringShiraz UniversityShirazIran Department of Materials science and Engineering Sharif University of TechnologyTehran 11365-9466Iran

kinetics of oxidation of MgO-C refractories was investigated by shrinking core modeling of the gas-solid reactions taking place during heating the porous materials to the high temperatures. samples containing 4.5-17 wt pct graphite were isothermally oxidized at 1000-1350℃. Weight loss data was compared with predictions of the model. A mixed 2-stage mechanism comprised of pore diffusion plus boundary layer gas transfer was shown to generally control the oxidation rate. Pore diffusion was however more effective, especially at graphite contents lower than 10 wt pct under forced convection blowing of the air. Model calculations showed that effective gas diffusion coefficients were in the range of 0.08 to 0.55 cm^2/s. These values can be utilized to determine the corresponding tortuosity factors of 6.85 to 2.22. Activation energies related to the pore diffusion mechanism appeared to be around （46.44±2） kJ/mol. The estimated intermolecular diffusion coefficients were shown to be independent of the graphite content, when the percentage of the graphite exceeded a marginal value of 10.

关键词： Modeling kinetics MgO-C Oxidation Diffusion coefficient