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Trypsin in pancreatitis:The culprit,a mediator,or epiphenomenon?

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第41期30卷 4417-4438页

作者： Anna s Gukovskaya Markus M Lerch Julia Mayerle Matthias sendler Baoan Ji Ashok K saluja Fred s Gorelick Ilya Gukovsky Department of Medicine David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90073United States Department of MedicineVA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare system Los AngelesCA 90073United States Department of Medicine Ludwig Maximilian University HospitalMunich 81377Germany Department of Medicine II Ludwig Maximilian University of MunichMunich 81377Germany Department of Medicine A University of GreifswaldGreifswald 17475Germany Department of Cancer Biology Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224United States Department of surgery University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136United States Departments of Cell Biology and Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine and VA West HavenNew HavenCT 06519United States

Pancreatitis is a common,life-threatening inflammatory disease of the exocrine *** pathogenesis remains obscure,and no specific or effective treatment is *** and alcohol excess are major etiologies of pancreatitis;in a small portion of patients the disease is *** is believed to be initiated by injured acinar cells(the main exocrine pancreas cell type),leading to parenchymal necrosis and local and systemic *** primary function of these cells is to produce,store,and secrete a variety of enzymes that break down all categories of *** digestive enzymes,including all proteases,are secreted by acinar cells as inactive proforms(zymogens)and in physiological conditions are only activated when reaching the *** generation of trypsin from inactive trypsinogen in the intestine plays a critical role in physiological activation of other *** was proposed that pancreatitis results from proteolytic autodigestion of the gland,mediated by premature/inappropriate trypsinogen activation within acinar *** intra-acinar trypsinogen activation is observed in experimental models of acute and chronic pancreatitis,and in human *** the basis of these observations,it has been considered the central pathogenic mechanism of pancreatitis-a concept with a century-old *** review summarizes the data on trypsinogen activation in experimental and genetic rodent models of pancreatitis,particularly the more recent genetically engineered mouse models that mimic mutations associated with hereditary pancreatitis;analyzes the mechanisms mediating trypsinogen activation and protecting the pancreas against its’damaging effects;discusses the gaps in our knowledge,potential therapeutic approaches,and directions for future *** conclude that trypsin is not the culprit in the disease pathogenesis but,at most,a mediator of some pancreatitis ***,the search for effective therapies should

关键词： Pancreatic acinar cell Hereditary pancreatitis Autophagy Endolysosomal system Cholecystokinin Cerulein Cathepsin

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Update on minimally invasive surgery and benign prostatic hyperplasia

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Asian Journal of Urology 2018年第1期5卷 22-27页

作者： Amanda s.J.Chung Henry H.Woo Eastern Virginia Medical school NorfolkVAUSA sydney Adventist Hospital Clinical school University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia

Transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP)became the gold standard surgical treatment for benign prostatic obstruction without undergoing randomized controlled trials against the predecessor standard in open suprapubic *** has historically been associated with significant morbidity and this has fuelled the development of minimally invasive surgical treatment *** in perioperative morbidity for TURP has been creating an ever increasing standard that must be met by any new technologies that are to be compared to this gold *** recent years,there has been the emergence of novel minimally invasive treatments such as the prostatic urethral lift(PUL;UroLift system),convective WAter vapor Energy(WAVE;Rezum system),Aquablation(AQUABEAM system),Histotripsy(Vortx Rx system)and temporary implantable nitinol device(TIND).Intraprostatic injections(NX-1207,PRX-302,botulinum toxin A,ethanol)have mostly been used with limited efficacy,but may be suitable for selected *** review evaluates these novel minimally invasive surgical options with special reference to the literature published in the past 5 years.

关键词： Prostatic hyperplasia Prostatic diseases Minimally invasive surgical procedures Injections Botulinum toxin A Ethanol Transurethral resection of prostate Lasers Prostatectomy

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Electron-phonon coupling and spin fluctuations in the Ising superconductor Nbse_(2)

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1686-1694页

作者： s.Das H.Paudyal E.R.Margine D.F.Agterberg I.I.Mazin Department of Physics and Astronomy George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA Quantum science and Engineering Center George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA Department of Physics Applied Physicsand AstronomyBinghamton University-SUNYBinghamtonNY 13902USA Department of Physics University of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53201USA

Ising superconductivity,observed in Nbse2 and similar materials,has generated tremendous ***,attention was called to the possible role that spin fluctuations(sF)play in this phenomenon,in addition to the dominant electron–phonon coupling(EPC);the possibility of a predominantly triplet state was discussed and led to a conjecture of viable singlet–triplet Leggett ***,these hypotheses have not been put to a quantitative *** this paper,we report first principle calculations of the EPC and also estimate coupling with sF,including full momentum *** find that:(1)EPC is strongly anisotropic,largely coming from the K-K0 scattering,and therefore excludes triplet symmetry even as an excited state;(2)superconductivity is substantially weakened by sF,but anisotropy remains as above;and,(3)we do find the possibility of a Leggett mode,not in a singlet–triplet but in an s_(++)–s_(±)channel.

关键词： coupling phonon superconductivity

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semi-automated segmentation of magnetic resonance images for thigh skeletal muscle and fat using threshold technique after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1787-1795页

作者： Mina P.Ghatas Robert M.Lester M.Rehan Khan Ashraf s.Gorgey Department of spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center Department of Radiology Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University

Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the ＂gold standard＂ technique for quantifying thigh muscle and fat cross-sectional area. We have developed a semi-automated technique to segment seven thigh compartments in persons with spinal cord injury. Thigh magnetic resonance images from 18 men（18–50 years old） with traumatic motor-complete spinal cord injury were analyzed in a blinded fashion using the threshold technique. The cross-sectional area values acquired by thresholding were compared to the manual tracing technique. The percentage errors for thigh circumference were（threshold： 170.71 ± 38.67; manual： 169.45 ± 38.27 cm2） 0.74%, subcutaneous adipose tissue（threshold： 65.99±30.79; manual： 62.68 ± 30.22） 5.2%, whole muscle（threshold： 98.18 ± 20.19; manual： 98.20 ± 20.08 cm2） 0.13%, femoral bone（threshold： 6.53 ± 1.09; manual： 6.53 ± 1.09 cm2） 0.64%, bone marrow fat（threshold： 3.12 ± 1.12; manual： 3.1 ± 1.11 cm2） 0.36%, knee extensor（threshold： 43.98 ± 7.66; manual： 44.61 ± 7.81 cm2） 1.78% and % intramuscular fat（threshold： 10.45 ± 4.29; manual： 10.92 ± 8.35%） 0.47%. Collectively, these results suggest that the threshold technique provided a robust accuracy in measuring the seven main thigh compartments, while greatly reducing the analysis time.

关键词： spinal cord injury magnetic resonance imaging semi-automated segmentation subcutaneous adipose tissue intramuscular fat

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Wavefront-optimized surface retreatments of refractive error following previous laser refractive surgery: a retrospective study

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Eye and Vision 2016年第1期3卷 22-28页

作者： Kevin M.Broderick Rose K sia Denise s.Ryan Richard D.stutzman Michael J.Mines Travis C.Frazier Mark F.Torres Kraig s.Bower Ophthalmology service Walter Reed National Military Medical Center8901 Wisconsin AvenueBethesdaMD 20814USA Warfighter Refractive Eye surgery Program and Research Center Ft.BelvoirVAUSA Ophthalmology service Madigan Army Medical CenterTacomaWAUSA The Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA

Background:Retreatments are sometimes necessary to correct residual or induced refractive errors following refractive *** different combinations of primary treatment methods and retreatment techniques have been studied,however,few studies have investigated wavefront-optimized(WFO)technology for retreatment following primary refractive *** study aimed to report the outcomes of WFO photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)retreatments of refractive error following previous laser refractive surgery with PRK,laser in situ keratomileusis(LAsIK),or laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy(LAsEK).Methods:We reviewed records of patients who underwent WFO PRK retreatments using the Allegretto Wave Eye-Q 400 Hz Excimer Laser system(Alcon surgical)between January 2008 and April 2011 at Walter Reed Army Medical Center and Madigan Army Medical *** were recorded in terms of uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDva),manifest refraction spherical equivalent(MRsE),corrected distance visual acuity(CDva),and complications at 1 month(M),3 M,and 6 M ***:seventy-eight patients(120 eyes)underwent WFO PRK retreatment during the study *** surgery was surface ablation in 87 eyes(78 PRK,9 LAsEK)and LAsIK in 33 *** mean spherical equivalent before retreatment was−0.79±0.94 D(−3.00 to 1.88 D).UDva was≥20/20 in 69 eyes(60.0%)at 1 M,54 eyes(71.1%)at 3 M,and 27 eyes(73.0%)at 6 M *** was within±0.50 D of emmetropia in 78 eyes(67.8%)at 1 M,59 eyes(77.6%)at 3 M,and 25 eyes(67.6%)at 6 M *** was maintained within±1 line of pre-op in 113 of 115 eyes(98.3%)at 1 M,74 of 76 eyes(97.4%)at 3 M,and 37 eyes(100%)at 6 M ***:Although follow-up was limited beyond 3 M,WFO PRK retreatments in patients with residual refractive error may be a safe and effective *** studies are necessary to determine the long-term safety and stability of outcomes.

关键词： Wavefront-optimized PRK LAsIK LAsEK Retreatment Enhancement

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Common non-synonymous polymorphisms in the BRCA1 Associated RING Domain (BARD1) gene are associated with breast cancer susceptibility:a case-control analysis

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南京医科大学学报（自然科学版） 2007年第7期27卷 743-743页

作者： Huo, X Hu, Z. B Zhai, X. J Wang, y Wang, s Wang, X. C Qin, J. W Chen, W. s Jin, G. F Liu, J. y Gao, J Wei, Q. y Wang, X. R shen, H. B Nanjing Med Univ Dept Epidemiol ＆ Biostat Sch Publ Hlth Nanjing 210029 Peoples R China Nanjing Med Univ Lab Reprod Med Nanjing 210029 Peoples R China Nanjing Med Univ Affiliated Hosp 1 Dept Gen Surg Nanjing 210029 Peoples R China Nanjing Gulou Hosp Dept Gen Surg Nanjing Peoples R China Jiangsu Canc Hosp Dept Gen Surg Nanjing 210009 Peoples R China

The BRCA1 Associated RING Domain(BARD1) gene has been identified as a high penetrance gene for breast cancer, whose germline and somatic mutations were reported in both non-BRCA1/2 hereditary site-specific and sporadic breast cancer cases. BARD1 plays a crucial role in tumor repression, along with its heterodimeric partner BRCA1. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that common non-synonymous polymorphisms in BARD1 are associated with breast cancer susceptibility in a case-control study of 507 patients with incident breast cancer and 539 frequency-matched cancer-free controls in Chinese women. We genotyped all three common(minor allele frequency (MAF) > 0.10) non-synonymous polymorphisms(Pro24ser, Arg378ser, and val507Met) in BARD1. We found that the BARD1 Pro24ser variant genotypes(24Pro/ser and 24ser/ser) and Arg378ser variant homozygote 378ser/ser were associated with a significantly decreased breast cancer risk, compared with their wild-type homozygotes, respectively. Furthermore, a significant locus-locus interaction was evident between Pro24ser and Arg378ser (P-int = 0.032). Among the 378ser variant allele carriers, the 24Pro/Pro wild-type homozygote was associated with a significantly increased breast cancer risk (adjusted OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.11-2.95), but the subjects having 24Pro/ser or ser/ser variant genotypes had a significantly decreased risk(adjusted OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56-0.99). In stratified analysis, this locus-locus interaction was more evident among subjects without family cancer history, those with positive estrogen receptor (ER) and individuals with negative progesterone receptor(PR). These findings indicate that the potentially functional polymorphisms Pro24ser and Arg378ser in BARD1 may jointly contribute to the susceptibility of breast cancer.

关键词：乳腺癌环形域基因基因多态性 BRCA1 基因突变

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REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHysICs

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Chinese Physics C 2014年第9期38卷 1-4页

作者： K.A.Olive K.Agashe C.Amsler M.Antonelli J.-F.Arguin D.M.Asner H.Baer H.R.Band R.M.Barnett T.Basaglia C.W.Bauer J.J.Beatty V.I.Belousov J.Beringer G.Bernardi s.Bethke H.Bichsel O.Biebe E.Blucher s.Blusk G.Brooijmans O.Buchmueller V.Burkert M.A.Bychkov R.N.Cahn M.Carena A.Ceccucci A.Cerr D.Chakraborty M.-C.Chen R.s.Chivukula K.Copic G.Cowan O.Dahl G.D'Ambrosio T.Damour D.de Florian A.de Gouvea T.DeGrand P.de Jong G.Dissertor B.A.Dobrescu M.Doser M.Drees H.K.Dreiner D.A.Edwards s.Eidelman J.Erler V.V.Ezhela W.Fetscher B.D.Fields B.Foster A.Freitas T.K.Gaisser H.Gallagher L.Garren H.-J.Gerber G.Gerbier T.Gershon T.Gherghetta s.Golwala M.Goodman C.Grab A.V.Gritsan C.Grojean D.E.Groom M.Grnewald A.Gurtu T.Gutsche H.E.Haber K.Hagiwara C.Hanhart s.Hashimoto y.Hayato K.G.Hayes M.Heffner B.Heltsley J.J.Hernandez-Rey K.Hikasa A.Hocker J.Holder A.Holtkamp J.Huston J.D.Jackson K.F.Johnson T.Junk M.Kado D.Karlen U.F.Katz s.R.Klein E.Klempt R.V.Kowalewski F.Krauss M.Kreps B.Krusche yu.V.Kuyanov y.Kwon O.Lahav J.Laiho P.Langacker A.Liddle Z.Ligeti C.-J.Lin T.M.Liss L.Littenberg K.s.Lugovsky s.B.Lugovsky F.Maltoni T.Mannel A.V.Manohar W.J.Marciano A.D.Martin A.Masoni J.Matthews D.Milstead P.Molaro K.Monig F.Moortgat M.J.Mortonson H.Murayama K.Nakamura M.Narain P.Nason s.Navas M.Neubert P.Nevski y.Nir L.Pape J.Parsons C.Patrignani J.A.Peacock M.Pennington s.T.Petcov Kavli IPMU A.Piepke A.Pomarol A.Quadt s.Raby J.Rademacker G.Raffel B.N.Ratcliff P.Richardson A.Ringwald s.Roesler s.Rolli A.Romaniouk L.J.Rosenberg J L.Rosner G.Rybka C.T.sachrajda y.sakai G.P.salam s.sarkar F.sauli O.schneider K.scholberg D.scott V.sharma s.R.sharpe M.silari T.sjostrand P.skands J.G.smith G.F.smoot s.spanier H.spieler C.spiering A.stahl T.stanev s.L.stone T.sumiyoshi M.J.syphers F.Takahashi M.Tanabashi J.Terning L.Tiator M.Titov N.P.Tkachenko N.A.Tornqvist D.Tovey G.valencia G.Venanzoni M.G.Vincter P.Vogel A.Vogt s.P.Wakely W.Walkowiak C.W.Walter D.R.Ward G.Weiglein D.H.Weinberg E.J.Weinberg M.White L.R.Wiencke C.G.Wohl L.Wolfenstein J.Womersley C.L. University of Minnesota School of Physics and Astronomy116 Church St.S.E.MinneapolisMN 55455USA University of Maryland Department of PhysicsCollege ParkMD 20742-4111USA Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics Universitat BernCH-3012 BernSwitzerland Lab.Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN CP 13via E.Fermi40I-00044 Frascati(Roma)Italy Departement de physique Universite de MontrealC.P.6128succ.centre-villeMontreal(Quebec) H3C 3J7Canada Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle BoulevardRichlandWA 99352USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA Department of Physics University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53706USA Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA CERN European Organization for Nuclear ResearchCH-1211 Geneve 23Switzerland Department of Physics The Ohio State University191 W.Woodruff Ave.ColumbusOH 43210 COMPAs Group Institute for High Energy PhysicsRU- 142284ProtvinoRussia LPNHE IN2P3-CNRS et Universites de Paris 6 et 7F-75252 ParisFrance Max-Planck-Institute of Physics 80805 MunichGermany Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Fakultdt für PhysikSchellingstr.4D-80799 MünchenGermany Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637-1433USA Department of Physics Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13244USA Department of Physics Columbia University538 W.120th StreetNew YorkNY10027 USA High Energy Physics Group Blackett LaboratoryImperial CollegePrince Consort RoadLondon SW7 2AZUK Jefferson Lab 12000 Jefferson Ave.Newport NewsVA 23606USA Department of Physics University of VirginiaPO Box 400714CharlottesvilleVA 22904USA Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P.O.Box 500BataviaIL 60510USA Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637-1433USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of SussexFalmerBrighton BN1 9QHUK Department o

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on： Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews （and errata） are also available on the Particle Data Group website： http ：//pdg. lbl. gov.

关键词： REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHysICs

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Corticospinal activity during a single-leg stance in people with chronic ankle instability

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Journal of sport and Health science 2022年第1期11卷 58-66页

作者： Masafumi Terada Kyle B.Kosik Ryan s.McCann Colin Drinkard Phillip A.Gribble College of sport and Health science Ritsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShiga 525-8577Japan Department of Athletic Training&Clinical Nutrition University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536-0200USA school of Rehabilitation sciences Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVA 23529USA Westlake High school Athletics AustinTX 78746USA

Purpose:The aim of the study was to determine whether corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing differs among individuals with chronic ankle instability(CAI),lateral ankle sprain copers,and healthy ***:Twenty-three participants with CAI,23 lateral ankle sprain copers,and 24 healthy control participants *** motor threshold(AMT),normalized motor-evoked potential(MEP),and cortical silent period(CsP)were evaluated by transcranial magnetic stimulation while participants performed a single-leg standing ***:Participants with CAI had significantly longer CsP at 100%of AMT and lower normalized MEP at 120%of AMT compared to lateral ankle sprain copers(CsP100%:p=0.003;MEP120%:p=0.044)and controls(CsP100%:p=0.041;MEP120%:p=0.006).Conclusion:This investigation demonstrate altered corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing in participants with *** research is needed to examine the effects of corticospinal maladaptations to motor control of the tibial anterior on postural control performance in those with CAI.

关键词： Ankle sprain Joint instability Motor cortex Postural control

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Dietary manipulation and testosterone replacement therapy may explain changes in body composition after spinal cord injury: A retrospective case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第17期7卷 2427-2437页

作者： Ashraf s Gorgey Robert M Lester Mina P Ghatas sakita N sistrun Timothy Lavis spinal Cord Injury and Disorders service Hunter Holmes McGuire VAMCRichmondVA 23249United States Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23249United States Bionutrition service Center for Clinical and Translational ResearchVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23249United States

BACKGROUND Reduced level of physical activity,high-fat diet and skeletal muscle atrophy are key factors that are likely to contribute to deleterious changes in body composition and metabolic following spinal cord injury (sCI).Reduced caloric intake with lowering percentage macronutrients of fat and increasing protein intake may likely to improve body composition parameters and decrease ectopic adiposity after *** To highlight the effects of dietary manipulation and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on body composition after sCI METHODs A 31-year-old male with T5 sCI was administered transdermal TRT daily for 16 *** intake and percentage macronutrients were analyzed using dietary *** resonance imaging and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were used to measure changes in body *** Caloric intake and fat percentage were reduced by 445 kcal/d and 6.5%,*** body weight decreased by 8%,body fat decreased by 29%,and lean mass increased by 7%.Thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue cross-sectional area was reduced by 31%.CONCLUsION Manipulation of caloric intake,fat percentage,and protein percentage may have influenced body composition after sCI.

关键词： spinal cord injury Diet High-protein Low-fat Nutrients Basal metabolic rate Case report

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宽度缓慢均匀变化水槽中的非传播表面孤波

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物理学报 1994年第6期43卷 925-932页

作者：颜家壬朱宋辉李红湘潭大学物理系湖南大学继续教育学院

用多重尺度微扰理论导出了宽度均匀缓变水糟中非传播孤波所服从的非线性方程及其解析解。结果指出，孤波恒向宽度较窄的一端近加速移动。加速度正比于宽度的变化率．本文所用的方法原则上可以推广于其他均匀缓变波导中线性波和非线性波... 详细信息

用多重尺度微扰理论导出了宽度均匀缓变水糟中非传播孤波所服从的非线性方程及其解析解。结果指出，孤波恒向宽度较窄的一端近加速移动。加速度正比于宽度的变化率．本文所用的方法原则上可以推广于其他均匀缓变波导中线性波和非线性波的理论研究。

关键词：孤立波非传播孤波表面波微扰论

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