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solution‑Processed Thin Film Transparent Photovoltaics:Present Challenges and Future Development

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 566-600页

作者： Tianle Liu Munerah M.s.Almutairi jie Ma Ais.ing stewart zh.ohui Xing Mengxia Liu Bo Hou Yuljae Cho UM-sJTU Joint ins.itute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China school of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF243AAWalesUK Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA Energy s.iences.ins.itute Yale UniversityWest HavenCT 06516USA Future Photovoltaics Research Center Global Institute of Future TechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China

Electrical energy is essential for modern society to sustain economic *** soaring demand for the electrical energy,together with an awareness of the environmental impact of fos.il fuels,has been driving a s.ift towards the utilization of solar ***,traditional solar energy solutions often require extensive spaces for a panel installation,limiting their practicality in a dense urban *** overcome the spatial constraint,researchers have developed transparent photovoltaics(TPV),enabling windows and facades.in vehicles and buildings to generate electric *** TPV advancements are focused on improving both transparency and power output to rival commercially available silicon solar *** this review,we first briefly introduce wavelength-and non-wavelengthselective strategies to achieve *** of merit and theoretical limits of TPVs are discussed to comprehensively understand the status of current TPV *** we highlight recent progress.in different types of TPVs,with a particular focus on solution-processed thin-film photovoltaics(PVs),including colloidal quantum dot PVs,metal halide perovs.ite PVs and organic *** applications of TPVs are also reviewed,with emphasis on agrivoltaics,smart windows and ***,current challenges and future opportunities.in TPV research are pointed out.

关键词： Transparent semiconductors solution-processable transparent solar cell Emerging solar cell materials Buildingintegrated photovoltaics

Cyano migration-mediated radical-polar crossover cyclopropanation

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s.ience China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 241-248页

作者： Ziqiang Wang Yasu Chen jie Li Chen zhu Key Laboratory of organic synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Frontiers s.ience Center for Transformative Molecules Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Shanghai Jiao Tong University

We report a novel cyano migration-mediated radical-polar crossover process, whereby both the sulfonylcyanation of aliphatic alkenes and the formation of cyclopropanes are concurrently achieved. This transformation yields a diverse array of multisubs.ituted cyclopropanes under mild photocatalytic conditions. Mechanis.ic studies elucidate that the reaction proceeds via intramolecular nucleophilic subs.itution, leading to the formation of the cyclopropane derivatives.

关键词： cyclopropanation cyano migration radical-polar crossover radical reactions

Dynamic behaviors of graphene platelets-reinforced metal foam piezoelectric beams with velocity feedback control

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 63-80页

作者： jie CHEN Xinyue zhANG Mingyang FAN school of Mathematics Statistics and Mechanics Beijing University of Technology College of Mechanical & Energy Engineering Beijing University of Technology

Graphene platelets(GPLs)-reinforced metal foam structures enhance the mechanical properties while maintaining the lightweight characteris.ics of metal foams. Further bonding piezoelectric actuator and sensor layers on the surfaces of GPLs-reinforced metal foam beams enables active vibration control, greatly expanding their applications.in the aerospace industry. For the first time, this paper inves.igates the vibration characteris.ics and active vibration control of GPLs-reinforced metal foam beams with surfacebonded piezoelectric layers. The constant velocity feedback scheme is used to design the closed-loop controller including piezoelectric actuators and sensors. The effects of the GPLs on the linear and nonlinear free vibrations of the beams are numerically *** Newmark-β method combined with Newton's.iteration technique is used to calculate the nonlinear responses of the beams under different load forms.including harmonic loads.impact loads, and moving loads. Additionally, special attention is given to the vibration reduction performance of the velocity feedback control on the responses of the beam.

关键词： Piezoelectric actuators

Practical approach for detecting k-nonseparability of multipartite quantum states

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s.ience China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 32-48页

作者： jie Guo Jinchuan Hou Xiaofei Qi Kan He College of Mathematics Taiyuan University of Technology school of Mathematics and statis.ics Shanxi University Key Laboratory of Complex systems and Data s.ience of Ministry of Education Shanxi University

The instantaneous detection of entanglement in quantum states poses a significant challenge in the fields of quantum computation and quantum information, and there are no practical methods or tools to complete this task satisfactorily so far. We propose a sufficient and necessary criterion of k-nonseparability for any n-partite finite or infinite dimensional systems, 2 ≤ k ≤ n. This criterion serves as the foundation for a practical scheme designed to detect entanglement and k-nonseparability across multipartite finite-dimensional systems. To exemplify the application of our scheme, we have developed a software tool that facilitates s.ift and precise identification of entanglement, k-nonseparability, and genuine entanglement within n-qubit systems, specifically tailored for systems with 2 ≤ n ≤ 4.

关键词： multipartite systems entanglement states entanglement witnesses ${\bm~k}$-nonseparability

inexact proximal gradient algorithm with random reshuffling for nonsmooth optimization

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s.ience China(information s.iences) 2025年第1期68卷 219-237页

作者： Xia JiANG Yanyan FANG Xianlin ZENG Jian sUN jie CHEN National Key Lab of Autonomous.intelligent Unmanned systems School of AutomationBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing ins.itute of Technology Chongqing innovation Center school of Electronic and information Engineering Tongji University

Proximal gradient algorithms are popularly implemented to achieve convex optimization with nonsmooth regularization. obtaining the exact solution of the proximal operator for nonsmooth regularization is challenging because errors exist in the computation of the gradient; consequently, the design and application of inexact proximal gradient algorithms have attracted considerable attention from researchers. This paper proposes computationally efficient basic and inexact proximal gradient descent algorithms with random reshuffling. The proposed stochas.ic algorithms take randomly reshuffled data to perform succes.ive gradient descents and implement only one proximal operator after all data pass through. We prove the convergence results of the proposed proximal gradient algorithms under the sampling-without-replacement reshuffling *** computational errors exist in gradients and proximal operations, the proposed inexact proximal gradient algorithms can converge to an optimal solution neighborhood. Finally, we apply the proposed algorithms to compressed sensing and compare their efficiency with some popular algorithms.

关键词： proximal operator random reshuffling inexact computation compressed sensing nonsmooth optimization

Photoinduced radical sulfur dioxide insertion with asymmetric cyclization of alkenes: acces.ing β-chiral sulfones bearing s-stereocentric cyclic sulfinamides

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s.ience China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 257-263页

作者： Jiapian Huang Chenxin Wang Xu Wang Xiaoyu zhou Wei Xiao jie Wu school of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & ins.itute for Advanced studies Taizhou University state Key Laboratory of organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University

The generation of various β-chiral sulfones bearing chiral cyclic sulfinamides through photoredox-catalyzed sulfur dioxide insertion with asymmetric radical cyclization is described. This method features a broad substrate scope and excellent stereospecificity. Computational studies reveal that the dispersion interaction between sulfinyl group and CH2so2Ph group plays a crucial role in the stereoselectivity control.

关键词： β-chiral sulfones chiral cyclic sulfinamides sulfur dioxide insertion asymmetric radical cyclization stereoselectivity

Viscosity and structure relations.ip with equimolar subs.itution of Cao with Mgo in the Cao–Mgo–Al_(2)o_(3)–sio_(2)slag melts

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international Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 70-79页

作者： Yong Hou shuo zhang jie Dang Jia Guo Hanghang zhou Xuewei Lü College of Materials s.ience and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vanadium-Titanium Metallurgy and New Materials Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Currently,the Al_(2)o_(3)content in the high-alumina slag systems within blast furnaces.is generally limited to 16wt%–18.5wt%,making it challenging to overcome this *** most studies that concentrated on managing the Mgo/Al_(2)o_(3)ratio or basicity,this paper explored the effect of equimolar subs.itution of Mgo for Cao on the viscosity and structure of a high-alumina Cao-Mgo-Al_(2)o_(3)-sio_(2)slag system,providing theoretical guidance and data to facilitate the application of high-alumina *** results revealed that the viscosity first decreased and then increased with higher Mgo subs.itution,reaching a minimum at 15mol%Mgo *** transform infrared spectroscopy(FTiR)results found that the depths of the troughs representing[sio_(4)]tetrahedra,[Alo_(4)]tetrahedra,and si-o-Al bending became progres.ively deeper with increased Mgo *** of the Raman spectra showed that the average number of bridging oxygens per si atom and the X_(Q^(3))/X_(Q^(2))(X_(Q^(i))is the molar fraction of Q^(i) unit,and i is the number of bridging oxygens.in a[sio_(4)]tetrahedral unit)ratio increased from 2.30 and 1.02 to 2.52 and 2.14,respectively,indicating a progres.ive polymerization of the silicate structure.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPs)results highlighted that non-bridging oxygen content decreased from 77.97mol% to 63.41mol% with increasing Mgo concentration,whereas bridging oxygen and free oxygen contents *** analysis demonstrated a gradual increase in the polymerization degree of the tetrahedral structure with the increase in Mgo ***,bond strength is another important factor affecting the slag *** occurrence of a viscosity minimum can be attributed to the complex evolution of bond strengths of non-bridging oxygens generated during depolymerization of the[sio_(4)]and[Alo_(4)]tetrahedral structures by Cao and Mgo.

关键词： aluminosilicate viscosity structure spectroscopy

optimal investment, retirement, and life insurance with consumption ratcheting and time-inhomogeneous utility

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s.ience China Mathematics 2025年

作者： jie Xing Jingtang Ma school of Big Data Application and Economics Guizhou University of Finance and Economics school of Mathematics Southwestern University of Finance and Economics

in this paper, we study a portfolio selection problem of an investor with a retirement option, who has pos.ibility to buy life insurance and does not tolerate any decline in consumption. The agent's optimization problem can be viewed as a mixed singular control and optimal stopping problem with time-inhomogeneous utility functions. The closed-form optimal solution is not available in general. We use the dual control method to convert the original problem into two classes of optimal stopping problems.in finite and infinite *** show that the optimal consumption strategy and the best retirement time depend on the free-boundary functions which satisfy Fredholm and Volterra integral equations. We derive the closed-form formulas for these two free boundaries for some special cases and develop numerical methods to solve the integral equations of the free boundaries for general cases.

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ideal Bi‑Based Hybrid Anode Material for Ultrafast Charging of sodium‑ion Batteries at Extremely Low Temperatures

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 152-167页

作者： jie Bai Jian Hui Jia Yu Wang Chun Cheng Yang Qing Jiang Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials(Jilin University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130022People’s Republic of China

sodium-ion batteries have emerged as competitive subs.itutes for low-temperature applications due to severe capacity loss and safety concerns of lithium-ion batteries at−20°C or ***,the key capability of ultrafast charging at ultralow temperature for siBs.is rarely ***,a hybrid of Bi nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanorods.is demonstrated as an ideal material to address this.issue,which is synthesized via a high temperature shock *** a hybrid shows an unprecedented rate performance(237.9 mAh g^(−1)at 2 A g^(−1))at−60℃,outperforming all reported siB anode *** with a Na_(3)V_(2)(Po_(4))_(3)cathode,the energy density of the full cell can reach to 181.9 Wh kg^(−1)at−40°*** on this work,a novel strategy of high-rate activation is proposed to enhance performances of Bi-based materials.in cryogenic conditions by creating new active sites for interfacial reaction under large current.

关键词： Bi nanoparticles High temperature shock High-rate activation Ultrafast charging Low-temperature sodium-ion batteries