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Combinatorial therapies for spinal cord inj.ry repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1293-1308页

作者： Carla s.sousa Andreia Monteiro António j.salgado Nuno A.silva Life and Health sciences Research Institute(ICVs) School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoCampus de Gualtar-gualtarBragaPortugal ICVs/3B’s Associate Lab PT Government Associated LabCampus de Gualtar-gualtarBragaPortugal

spinal cord inj.ries have profound detrimental effects on individuals, regardless of whether they are caused by trauma or non-traumatic events. The compromised regeneration of the spinal cord is primarily attributed to damaged neurons, inhibitory molecules, dysfunctional immune response, and glial scarring. Unfortunately, currently, there are no effective treatments available that can fully repair the spinal cord and improve functional outcomes. Nevertheless, numerous pre-clinical approaches have been studied for spinal cord inj.ry recovery, including using biomaterials, cells, drugs, or technological-based strategies. Combinatorial treatments, which target various aspects of spinal cord inj.ry pathophysiology, have been extensively tested in the last decade. These approaches aim to synergistically enhance repair processes by addressing various obstacles faced during spinal cord regeneration. Thus, this review intends to provide scientists and clinicians with an overview of pre-clinical combinatorial approaches that have been developed toward the solution of spinal cord regeneration as well as update the current knowledge about spinal cord inj.ry pathophysiology with an emphasis on the current clinical management.

关键词： electric stimulation neural tissue regeneration neuroprotection polytherapy spinal cord inj.ry

Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William j.Flerlage Mark L.Dell’Acqua Brian M.Cox Fereshteh s.Nugent Uniformed services University of the Health sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a maj.r contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

Deciphering the mechanobiology of microglia in traumatic brain inj.ry with advanced microsystems

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2304-2306页

作者： Anthony Procès sylvain Gabriele Univ.Grenoble Alpes InsermU1216Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance Mechanobiology&Biomaterials Group CIRMAPResearch Institute for BiosciencesUniversity of MonsMonsBelgium

Advanced microsystems in traumatic brain inj.ry research:Traumatic brain inj.ry(TBI)results from a mechanical insult to the brain,leading to neuronal and axonal damage and subsequently causing a secondary *** minutes ... 详细信息

关键词： traumatic inj.ry damage

On localization with robust power control for safety critical wireless sensor networks

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2011年第1期9卷 83-92页

作者： Michael j. WALsH Anthony FEE j.hn barton Brendan O'FLYNN Martin j. HAYEs Cian O'MATHUNA Clarity Center for Web Technologies Microsystems Centre-Tyndall National Institute Lee MaltingsUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Wireless Access Research Center University of LimerickLimerickIreland

A hybrid methodology is proposed for use in low power, safety critical wireless sensor network applications, where quality-of-service orientated transceiver output power control is required to operate in parallel with radio frequency-based localization. The practical implementation is framed in an experimental procedure designed to track a moving agent in a realistic indoor environment. An adaptive time synchronized approach is employed to ensure the positioning technique can operate effectively in the presence of dataloss and where the transmitter output power of the mobile agent is varying due to power control. A deterministic multilateration-based positioning approach is adopted and accuracy is improved by filtering signal strength measurements overtime to account for multipath fading. The location estimate is arrived at by employing least-squares estimation. Power control is implemented at two separate levels in the network topology. First, power control is applied to the uplink between the tracking reference nodes and the centralized access point. A number of algorithms are implemented highlighting the advantage associated with using additional feedback bandwidth, where available, and also the need for effective time delay compensation. The second layer of power control is implemented on the uplink between the mobile agent and the access point and here quantifiable improvements in quality of service and energy efficiency are observed. The hybrid paradigm is extensively tested experimentally on a fully compliant 802.15.4 testbed, where mobility is considered in the problem formulation using a team of fully autonomous robots.

关键词： Wireless sensor network Power control Localization

small Zeros of Additive Forms in several Variables

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Acta Mathematica sinica,English series 1998年第1期14卷 57-66页

作者： j. s. Hwang Institute of Mathematics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan 11529 China

Let f（X） be an additive form defined by f（X）=f（x1. x2,…,xs）=σ1α1x1k+σα2x2k+…+σsαsxsk, where αo≠0 is integer, i=1, 2,…, s. In 1979, schmidt proved that if ε>0 then there is a large constant C（k, ε）... 详细信息

Let f（X） be an additive form defined by f（X）=f（xsub>1sub>. xsub>2sub>,…,xsub>ssub>）=σsub>1sub>αsub>1sub>xsub>1sub>sup>ksup>+σsub>αsub>sub>2sub>xsub>2sub>sup>ksup>+…+σsub>ssub>αsub>ssub>xsub>ssub>sup>ksup>, where αsub>osub>≠0 is integer, i=1, 2,…, s. In 1979, schmidt proved that if ε>0 then there is a large constant C（k, ε） such that for s≥C（k, ε） the equation f（X）=0 has a nontrivial integer solution in σsub>1sub>. σsub>2sub>,…σsub>ssub>, xsub>1sub>, xsub>2sub>…,xsub>ssub> satisfying σsub>isub>=±1 and |xsub>isub>|≤Asup>εsup>, i=1, 2.…,s where A=max|ai|. schmidt did not estimate this constant C（k. ε） since it would be extremely large. In this paper, we prove the following result: Theorem 1 If log A≤1/ε,then C（k,ε）≤max （2/ε,20）; if log A>1/ε,A is sufficiently larye and 1/2A≤5≤|asub>isub>|≤A,i=1. 2,…, s, then C（k,ε）≤csub>1sub>csub>2sub>sup>psup> and if the last condition is omitted, then C（k. ε）≤[4/ε]csub>1sub>csub>2sub>,where csub>1sub>={2k+1 for≤k≤11 [5ksup>2sup>log k] for k≥12, csub>2sub>=100csub>1sub>ksup>2sup>2sup>ksup>+csub>1sub>sup>2sup> and p=2[log 2csub>1sub>/ε]. We note that the inequality in the first case is sharp but not in the second case.

关键词： Additive form subset sums small zeros

Corrosion Inhibition of Mild steel in sulphuric Acid Using Luffa Aegyptiaca Leaves Extract

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Acta Metallurgica sinica(English Letters) 2014年第6期27卷 969-980页

作者： s. j.othi j. Ravichandran Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science

The corrosion inhibition of mild steel（Ms） in sulphuric acid using Luffa aegyptiaca（LA） leaves extract was investigated by weight loss studies, colorimetric measurements, potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The adsorption of LA leaves extract was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and optical profilometry. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing concentration of the extract but decreased with rise in temperature and with the increase in acid strength. Furthermore, the inhibition efficiency synergistically increased on the addition of halide ions. Polarisation studies revealed that the LA extract acts as mixed- type inhibitor. Physical adsorption mechanism is proposed from the trend in inhibition efficiency with the change in temperature and from thermodynamic parameters. The adsorption of LA on Ms surface obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm and follows the kinetic thermodynamic model of ElAwady at all temperatures studied.

关键词： Mild steel Adsorption Corrosion Thermodynamic properties FTIR

A Novel Training Algorithm of Genetic Neural Networks and Its Application to Classification

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j.urnal of systems Engineering and Electronics 2001年第3期12卷 76-84页

作者： Xiao, j. Wu, j. Yang, s. school of Mechanics Huazhong Univ. of Sci. and Technol. Wuhan 430074 China

First of all, this paper discusses the drawbacks of multilayer perceptron (MLP), which is trained by the traditional back propagation (BP) algorithm and used in a special classification problem. A new training algorithm for neural networks based on genetic algorithm and BP algorithm is developed. The difference between the new training algorithm and BP algorithm in the ability of nonlinear approaching is expressed through an example, and the application foreground is illustrated by an example.

关键词： Backpropagation Computer simulation Genetic algorithms Mathematical models Nonlinear control systems Problem solving

A systematic review of progenitor survival and maturation in Parkinsonian models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3172-3178页

作者： Giulia Comini Eilís Dowd Pharmacology&Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Center University of GalwayGalwayIreland

stem cell-based brain repair is a promising emergent therapy for Parkinson's disease based on years of foundational research using human fetal donors as a cell *** current therapeutic options for patients,this approach has the potential to provide longterm stem cell–derived reconstruction and restoration of the dopaminergic input to denervated regions of the brain allowing for restoration of certain functions to *** ultimate clinical success of stem cell–derived brain repair will depend on both the safety and efficacy of the approach and the latter is dependent on the ability of the transplanted cells to survive and differentiate into functional dopaminergic neurons in the Parkinsonian *** the pre-clinical literature suggests that there is considerable variability in survival and differentiation between studies,the aim of this systematic review was to assess these parameters in human stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitor transplant studies in animal models of Parkinson's disease.A defined systematic search of the PubMed database was completed to identify relevant studies published up to March *** screening,76 articles were included in the analysis from which 178 separate transplant studies were *** these,graft survival could be assessed in 52 studies and differentiation in 129 ***,we found that graft survival ranged froms transplanted,with a median of 51%of transplanted cells surviving in the brain;while dopaminergic differentiation of the cells ranged from 0% to 46% of cells transplanted with a median of 3%.This systematic review suggests that there is considerable scope for improvement in the differentiation of stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors to maximize the therapeutic potential of this approach for patients.

关键词： cell replacement therapy differentiation embryonic stem cells graft induced pluripotent stem cells Parkinson's disease survival transplant

Electro-osmotic flow of a second-grade fluid in a porous microchannel subj.ct to an AC electric field

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j.urnal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第2期25卷 309-316页

作者： MIsRA j. C. CHANDRA s. Department of Mathematics Institute of Technical Education and Research Siksha O Anusandhan University Department of Physics Sabang S. K. Mahavidyalaya Vidyasagar University

studies on electro-osmotic flows of various types of fluids in microchannel are of great importance owing to their multifold applications in the transport of liquids, particularly when the ionized liquid flows with respect to a charged surface in the presence of an external electric field. In the case of viscoelastic fluids, the volumetric flow rate differs significantly from that of Newtonian fluids, even when the flow takes place under the same pressure gradient and the same electric field. With this end in view, this paper is devoted to a study concerning the flow pattern of an electro-osmotic flow in a porous microchannel, which is under the action of an alternating electric field. The influence of various rheological and electro-osmotic parameters, e.g., the Reynolds number, Debye-Huckel parameter, shape factor and fluid viscoelasticity on the kinematics of the fluid, has been investigated for a secondgrade viscoelastic fluid. The problem is first treated by using analytical methods, but the quantitative estimates are obtained numerically with the help of the software MATHEMATICA. The results presented here are applicable to the cases where the channel height is much greater than the thickness of the electrical double layer comprising the stern and diffuse layers. The study reveals that a larger value of the Debye-Huckel parameter creates sharper profile near the wall and also that the velocity of electro-osmotic flow increases as the permeability of the porous microchannel is enhanced. The study further shows that the electro-osmotic flow dominates at lower values of Reynolds number. The results presented here will be quite useful to validate the observations of experimental investigations on the characteristics of electro-osmotic flows and also the results of complex numerical models that are necessary to deal with more realistic situations, where electro-osmotic flows come into the picture, as in blood flow in the micro-circulatory system subj.ct to an elect

关键词： electrical double layer Debye length second-grade fluid Ionic energy