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Application of Machine Learning for Flood Prediction and Evaluation in southern Nigeria

Atmospheric and Climate sciences 2024年第3期14卷 299-316页

作者： Emeka Bright Ogbuene Chukwumeuche Ambrose Eze Obianuju Getrude Aloh Andrew Monday Oroke Damian Onuora Udegbunam Josiah Chukwuemeka Ogbuka Fred Emeka Achoru Vivian Amarachi Ozorme Obianuju Anwara ikechukwu Chukwunonyelum Anthonia Nneka Nebo Obiageli Jacinta Okolo Centre for Environmental Management and Control (CEMAC) University of Nigeria Enugu Nigeria Department of Geography Enugu State University of Science and Technology ESUT Enugu Nigeria school of Civil Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK

This study explored the application of machine learning techniques for flood prediction and analysis in southern Nigeria. Machine learning is an artificial intelligence technique that uses computer-based instructions to analyze and transform data into useful information to enable systems to make predictions. Traditional methods of flood prediction and analysis often fall short of providing accurate and timely information for effective disaster management. More so, numerical forecasting of flood disasters in the 19th century is not very accurate due to its inability to simplify complex atmospheric dynamics into simple equations. Here, we used Machine learning (ML) techniques including Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), Naïve Bayes (NB), support Vector Machine (sVM), and Neural Networks (NN) to model the complex physical processes that cause floods. The dataset contains 59 cases with the goal feature “Event-Type”, including 39 cases of floods and 20 cases of flood/rainstorms. Based on comparison of assessment metrics from models created using historical records, the result shows that NB performed better than all other techniques, followed by RF. The developed model can be used to predict the frequency of flood incidents. The majority of flood scenarios demonstrate that the event poses a significant risk to people’s lives. Therefore, each of the emergency response elements requires adequate knowledge of the flood incidences, continuous early warning service and accurate prediction model. This study can expand knowledge and research on flood predictive modeling in vulnerable areas to inform effective and sustainable contingency planning, policy, and management actions on flood disaster incidents, especially in other technologically underdeveloped settings.

关键词： Machine Learning Flood Prediction Evaluation southern Nigeria

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Adoption of Artificial Intelligence for Diagnosis and Treatment of staphylococcus aureusInfections Disease on Humans

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E-Health Telecommunication systems and Networks 2020年第1期9卷 1-15页

作者： Kanayo Kizito Uka s.anley ikechukwu oguoma Chekwube Alphonsus Chukwu Chijioke Izuchukwu Emele

The aim of this paper is to develop an expert system that could aid medical practitioner to effectively diagnose and treat staphylococcus aureus infections disease on a human. The objective of the research includes to develop an expert system for quick diagnosis and detection of staphylococcus aureus bacteria on human skin, a system that aids in accurate treatment of staph infectious diseases by doctors, helps in quick decision making in the hospital, improves accuracy in drug prescription, and a system that will bring about computerized storage process, and to enlighten the knowledge workers on how to implement a computer based decision support systems and importance of it in the health care. The research was motivated due to delay in diagnosis and identification of staphylococcus aureus bacteria and the fast rate at which infectious disease is spreading, delay in treatment of these bacteria, increase of guess work by health practitioners leading to delay in decision making and lack of electronic storage facility in the hospitals. Top down approach was used in the system design of this research while adopting expert system as the methodology and the programming language used was Java and database design used was MysQL. The result after design was a computerized standalone application that assists health practitioners (Doctor’s) in quick identification, diagnosis, prescription and treatment of staphylococcus aureus bacteria on human skin. The expert system will facilitate quick decision making in the clinic.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Expert system Diagnosis Treatment staphylococcus aureus Infectious Disease

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Tribological behavior of N-doped ZnO thin films by metal organic chemical vapor deposition under lubricated contacts

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Friction 2017年第4期5卷 402-413页

作者： Bolutife OLOFINJANA Uchenna sydney MBAMARA Oyelayo AJAYI Cinta LORENZO-MARTIN Eusebius ikechukwu OBIAJUUWA Ezekiel Oladele Bolarinwa AJAYI Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife 220005NigeriaTribology SectionEnergy System DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonneIL 60439USA Department of Physics Federal University of TechnologyOwerriNigeria Tribology section Energy System DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonneIL 60439USA Center for Energy Research and Development Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife 220005Nigeria Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife 220005Nigeria

N-doped ZnO thin films were deposited on 304L stainless steel through the pyrolysis of zinc acetate and ammonium acetate in different ratios at a temperature of 420 ℃ using metal organic chemical vapor *** and structural analyzes of the films were performed by using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and X-ray *** frictional behavior of the thin films and 304L stainless steel substrate was evaluated using a ball-on-flat configuration with reciprocating sliding under marginally lubricated and fully flooded *** alloy (2017) was used as ball counterface,while basestock synthetic polyalfaolefin oil (PAO10) without additives was used as *** flat and ball counterface surfaces were examined to assess the wear dimension and failure *** marginally lubricated condition,N-doped ZnO thin films provided significant reduction in friction,whereas the films have minimal or no effect in friction under fully flooded condition.N-doped ZnO thin films showed a significant effect in protecting the ball counterface as wear volume was reduced compared with that of the substrate under the marginally lubricated *** the fully flooded condition,with the exception of one of the films,the wear volume of the N-doped ZnO thin films ball reduced compared with that of the *** all the ball counterfaces for N-doped ZnO thin films under both conditions,wear occurred through abrasive mechanism of various degrees or mild ***,superfluous lubrication of N-doped ZnO thin films is not necessary to reduce friction and wear.

关键词： ZnO film metal organic chemical vapor deposition friction wear optical microscopy

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socio-Economic Impacts of Flooding on the Residents of Port Harcourt Metropolis in Rivers state, Nigeria

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Natural Resources 2015年第1期6卷 1-8页

作者： Elenwo Ephraim ikechukwu Department of Geography and Environmental Management Faculty of Social Science University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

Floods are naturally occurring phenomena that are part of the physical and biological process which have shaped our nation’s landscape. It occurs in Nigeria environment when there is heavy rain fall for prolonged period of time. The data collection for this research was by use of primary and secondary information;questionnaire was administered by face to face interviews and key informant surveys. Analytical technique was the univariate statistical methods. The results revealed that there is clear evidence of damages to properties and that there are hazards and risks faced by these households as shown in Tables 1-4 respectively. Table 3 specifically shows the financial losses incurred annually by residents to the tune 5 million naira and above. However, the continued hazards and risks as a result of flood incidence have affected their overall income which hitherto is found within (N20000.00 - N25000.00) about 22.8% of the respondents fall in this income bracket. Furthermore, the research also revealed that about 30% say the flood has affected their income, while 29.4% say their buildings are affected. Also about 37.8% of respondents say that the flood incidence occurs all through the rainy season. The research recommends an aggressive review of the Port Harcourt Master Plan and the implementation of the development control tools in the 1992 Urban and Regional Planning Law.

关键词： socio-Economic Impact Flooding Port Harcourt

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Crude Extracts of senna alata(L.) Roxb. Mimics Plant Growth Hormones in Promotion of Vegetative and Reproductive Growth in Celosia argenteaL.

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2014年第13期5卷 1918-1925页

作者： ikechukwu O. Agbagwa Department of Plant science and Biotechnology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Port HarcourtPort Harcourt Nigeria

The efficacy of crude extracts of senna alata in the improvement of vegetative and reproductive growth in Celosia aregentea was investigated. Fresh leaves of s. alata were blended with a homogenizer in 1 litre of distilled water. The resultant green paste was filtered under suction. Different concentrations (75%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 12%, 10%, and 5%) were prepared from the 100% crude extract. seeds of C. argentea were presoaked in these different concentrations including a control (0%) and planted out after 24 hours. Results obtained showed that seedling height, leaf area, dry weight and leaf area ratio were promoted and enhanced by presoaking seeds in the extract. At the end of the experimental period (six weeks), seedling height in 75% and 100% treatments were 109 ± 16.12 cm and 117 ± 19.32 cm, leaf area 128 ± 17.91 cm2 and 125 ± 18.12 cm2, dry weight 7.48 kg and 7.0 kg respectively. seedlings raised from seeds presoaked in water (control) however, flowered earlier (8 weeks) than the treatments (10 weeks in 75% and 100%). Presoaking seeds of C. argentea in crude extracts of s. alata before planting is recommended for optimum production of the leafy vegetable. The procedure is cheap and easily implementable by resource-poor farmers who are the main growers of C. argentea.

关键词： Celosia argentea Hormones Plant Extract senna alata Vegetable

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Conceptual Issues in the Qualification of Intelligent Buildings

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2019年第2期8卷 52-63页

作者： Ogwu ikechukwu Okonkwo Moses College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Xiangtan University Xiangtan China Faculty of Environmental science Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

The reality of global warming must have been settled by now while the incidence of same has in very recent times adopted unprecedented dimensions. The global community continues to look for ways to combat the impact of climate change and technology is looked upon to deliver the innovations that would ensure a better tomorrow today. Rapid advancement of Information Technology (IT), is now transforming the way we create and interact with the built environment with the notion of Intelligent Buildings (IBs) underscoring its main features. However, these IBs utilize systems that require energy, and fossil fuels are currently the world’s primary energy sources;they can also irreparably harm the environment, exacerbating climate change. What then is the true essence of IBs? This paper, through review of existing literature, attempts to explore some issues associated with the conceptualization of IBs, highlighting how they are similar with other notional options that deliver the same benefits but without the needed IT systems or the energy required in running them. It also discusses the need to focus on less energy demanding and management approaches at design or occupancy of buildings as a way to reduce the demand and thus consumption of fossil fuels across the world.

关键词： Technology Climate Change Energy Energy Efficiency Building Energy Assessment HVAC Facade systems Passive Design smart Materials Intelligent Buildings

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Hydrometallurgical Processing of a Nigerian Galena Ore in Nitric Acid: Characterization and Dissolution Kinetics

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2018年第3期6卷 271-293页

作者： ikechukwu A. Nnanwube Okechukwu D. Onukwuli Department of Chemical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

The physico-chemical characterization and dissolution kinetics study of a Nigerian galena ore in nitric acid has been undertaken. The effects of acid concentration, temperature, particle size, stirring speed and solid/liquid ratio on the leaching of galena were investigated. The X-ray fluorescence data showed that the galena ore used in the study exists mainly as Pbs. Lead (Pb) was detected as the major metal for galena with metals such as Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, Al and Mg occurring as minor elements. The XRD analysis also confirmed the originality of the galena ore as it revealed that galena exists mainly as lead sulphide (Pbs). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis also supported the XRF and XRD analysis by revealing the presence of sulphur in the ore. The scanning electron micrograph (sEM) analysis revealed a high level of crystallinity of the ore. Results of the leaching studies showed that galena dissolution in nitric acid (HNO3) increases with increasing concentration of nitric acid, temperature and stirring rate, and decreases with increasing particle diameter and solid/liquid ratio. In 10 M HNO3 at a temperature of 90°C using 75 μm particle diameter with solid/liquid ratio of 20 g/L and stirring speed of 540 rpm, about 84.5% of galena was dissolved in 150 minutes. The values of activation energy, order of reaction and Arrhenius constant calculated at the conditions above for galena were 27.01 KJ/mol, 0.93, 26.71 s-1 respectively. The mechanism of dissolution of galena was established to follow the shrinking core model for the diffusion controlled mechanism, with surface chemical reaction as the rate controlling step for the leaching process. Finally, the XRD analysis of the post-leaching residue revealed the presence of gahnite and anglesite.

关键词： Galena Nigeria Characterization Leaching Dissolution Kinetics Nitric Acid

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status of Congenital Heart Defects in Nigeria: The Role of Cardiac surgery

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World Journal of Cardiovascular surgery 2019年第7期9卷 63-72页

作者： ikechukwu A. Nwafor John C. Eze National Cardiothoracic Center of Excellence University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria

Background: Unlike in developed countries, the delivery of cardiovascular services to children born with congenital heart defects in Nigeria is inadequate. There are problems at both pediatric and adult ages with high morbidity and mortality on account of inadequate surgical care. Objective: To determine the status of congenital defects and assess the impact of foreign cardiac missionary missions vis-à-vis the effects on the magnitude as well as on the educational program for the local cardiac team. Materials and Method: In the last 5.5 years, Foreign Cardiac surgery missions were reinstituted at National Cardiothoracic Center of Excellence, Enugu, Nigeria. The participants performed cardiac interventions on a variety of patients with CHD. We performed a retrospective review of this endeavor. Patients’ demographics, number of patients, age ranges, types of CHD and clinical evaluation methodology were obtained from our hospital’s record department. We also assessed types of cardiac interventions, outcome and challenges and the impacts of the foreign cardiac surgery missions. Results:?During the study period, a total of 72 children with CHD were evaluated. They were 39 males and 33 females. The age ranged between 0 - 10 years in children and 41 - 50 years in the adult. We studied both simple and complex anomalies. A VsD was the commonest (n = 22, 27.16%). Conclusion: Foreign congenital cardiac surgery missions were not able to provide adequate services for the care of CHD that require cardiac surgery both in terms of reduction in magnitude as well as adequate educational program for the local cardiac team. Thus infants, in particular, suffer an early death. The need for governmental support to develop a comprehensive program to care for these patients is essential in Nigeria and other developing countries.

关键词： status Heart Congenital International Mission

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Protein Enrichment of Potato Peels Using saccharomyces cerevisiae via solid-state Fermentation Process

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and science 2019年第1期9卷 99-108页

作者： Onoh ikechukwu Maxwell Udeh Benson Chinwuba Mbah Gordian Onyebuchukwu Chemical Engineering Department Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) Enugu Nigeria

In order to add value to potato peels and also curb their environmental pollution problems, this study investigated the protein enrichment of potato peels with saccharomyces cerevisiae via solid-state Fermentation (ssF). ssF is a fermentation process which involves solid matrix and is carried out in absence or near absence of free water. ssF of potato peel mashed was carried out with s. cerevisiae at 30°C, pH of 5.5, moisture adjustment between 40 and 90%, addition of ammonium sulphate and urea salts as nitrogen supplements for the microorganisms for 3 days. The results showed that the percentage crude protein content of all the fermented samples increased significantly when compared with the unfermented sample. 40% moisture content adjustment and ammonium sulphate as nitrogen source gave the best result. The crude protein increased from 12.5% to 21.86%, which is 74.88% increment for ammonium sulphate supplementation, and 12.5% to 18.42%, which is 47% increment for urea supplementation. Therefore, the fermented peels could serve as good source of cheap protein enriched feed for livestock.

关键词： Potato Peel saccharomyces cerevisiae Urea Ammonium sulphate Crude Pro-tein solid-state Fermentation Protein Enrichment AOAC 1990

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Comparative study of the Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of single and Multi-Ring Aromatics in sediment Fractions

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and science 2013年第1期3卷 67-73页

作者： Chiedu N. Owabor samuel E. Agarry Bamidele V. Ayodele ikechukwu s. Udeh Endurance Ehiosun Department of Chemical Engineering Ladoke Akintola University Ogbomoso Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering University of Benin Benin City Nigeria

The sorption behaviour of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene and naphthalene using clay and sand sediments under ambient conditions is examined in this study. Experimental results showed that, the time taken to attain adsorption equilibrium for naphthalene, and BTEX were 28, 30, 30, 32, 28 hrs and 20, 22, 22, 24, 22 hrs while the desorption equilibrium time were 10, 13, 12, 15, 12 hrs and 9, 9, 9, 11, 10 hrs in clay and sand respectively. All of the naphthalene, and BTEX were adsorbed at the different equilibrium times, using clay while the amount of naphthalene and BTEX adsorbed by sand, at different equilibrium times were 117, 121, 127, 123 and 134 mg. Following the results of the adsorption/desorption experiments, quantitative measurements showed that sand exhibited higher affinity for the solute as retained more chemicals (as high as between 58% - 66%) within it pores while nearly all the chemicals adsorbed by the clay were released at the attainment of equilibrium. The implication of this is that occlusion within the sand particles may likely be the resultant effect of continued sand-chemicals contact. The amount of contaminant solute adsorbed and desorbed affirmed that clay has a better capacity to retain naphthalene and BTEX than sand and this may not be unrelated to its large surface area, high porosity and higher hydraulic conductivity for the solutes arising from its good binding sites (small pore sizes) that tend to hold the adsorbates to its particles.

关键词： Equilibrium Kinetic Models Pollutants Pore spaces surface Area Permeability

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