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法律原则、惯例和先例:依法维护正义

法律方法

法律方法 2023年第2期 66-89页

作者： [英]T.r.s艾伦高园圆(译) 英国剑桥大学华东政法大学政府管理学院

法律判断包含了道德判断。经正确识别的法律义务,实质上亦是真正的道德义务。德沃金的法律理论很有指导意义,但也存在一定的问题——他对正义的描述未能提供既满足实践又满足法律原则的令人信服的结论。然而,在司法实践中,可以为一种相... 详细信息

法律判断包含了道德判断。经正确识别的法律义务,实质上亦是真正的道德义务。德沃金的法律理论很有指导意义,但也存在一定的问题——他对正义的描述未能提供既满足实践又满足法律原则的令人信服的结论。然而,在司法实践中,可以为一种相对合理且占有优势的解释辩护,通过这种解释,确认在某些条件下道德的合法性。而这种合法性是通过特定的判例并在具体裁判中引用过往判例来保留其效力的手段得以实现的。普通法推理例证了这种方法,体现了法律实践与法律原则的相互依存。这是一种内在的、解释性探究,借鉴了传统的道德资源,被视为对正义提出要求的一种有影响力的指导。因此,无论社会权威有什么优越性,法律的构成既不来源于此,也不受法律实践中道德因素的影响。本文致力于构建一个的客观理性的法律理论体系,以期待在法律实践中更接近正义的理想状态。

关键词：法律原则普通法判决解释性法律推理法律的整体性

Biological psychology an introduction to behavioral, cognitive, and clinical neuroscience Mark r. rosenzweig, Arnold L. Leiman, s. Marc Breedlove. 2nd ed.

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Load Density Analysis of Mobile Zigbee Coordinator in Hexagonal Configuration

1999年

作者： Mark r. rosenzweig Arnold L. Leiman s. Marc Breedlove.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Wireless sensor Network 2012年第3期4卷 59-64页

作者： s. r. ramyah Anna University Chennai India

Mobility is one of the major new paradigms of the current Internet, and this is driving most of the research activity in networking throughout the World. The Mobility of Wireless sensor Networks (WsN) has become a hot research theme in recent years due to its wide range of applications ranging from medical research to military. The widely adopted standard for wireless sensor network platform is IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee. The IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee is considered the “technology of choice” due to low-power, cost-effective communication and the reliability they provide. In this paper, we perform extensive network evaluation, to study the Effect of coordinator mobility on ZigBee mesh network, using OPNET Modeler. In mobile coordinator, the type of the trajectory along with the node density and the traffic are the major factors that decide the system performance. The results obtained from the wide analysis of ZigBee mesh network shows variation when the routers are placed at Hexagonal configuration with a mobile coordinator. In this paper, variations in load metric is analyzed in hexagonal configuration by enabling and disabling ACK. Thus the status of ACK also plays a critical role in analysing load metrics.

关键词： Zigbee Mobile Coordinator Load

Effects of Water Management,Arsenic and Phosphorus Levels on rice Yield in High-Arsenic soil-Water system

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rice science 2014年第2期21卷 99-107页

作者： A.s.M.H.M.TALUKDEr C.A.MEIsNEr M.A.r.sArKAr M.s.IsLAM K.D.sAYrE school of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Campusthe University of Adelaide 917 Brad Field Hall Cornell University Department of Agronomy Bangladesh Agricultural University Former Director General Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Bosques de Canelos 129 Bosques de las LomasMexico DFMexico

Aerobic rice （Oryza sativa L.） cultivation is considered an alternative production system to combat increased water scarcity and arsenic （As） contamination in the food chain. Pot experiments were conducted at the Wheat research Centre, Dinajpur, Bangladesh to examine the role of water management （WM）, As and phosphorus （P） on yield and yield attributes of boro （variety BrrI dhan 29） and aman （variety BrrI dhan 32） rice. A total of 18 treatment combinations of the three levels of As （0, 20 and 40 mg/kg） and P （0, 12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg） and two WM strategies （aerobic and anaerobic） were investigated. Yield attributes were significantly affected by increasing As levels. Grain yields of BrrI dhan 29 and BrrI dhan 32 were reduced from 63.0 to 7.7 and 35.0 to 16.5 g/pot with increasing As application, respectively, indicating a greater sensitivity of BrrI dhan 29 than BrrI dhan 32. Moreover, As toxicity was reduced with aerobic compared to anaerobic WM for all P levels. During early growth stages, phytotoxic symptoms appeared on BrrI dhan 29 and BrrI dhan 32 rice stems with increasing As levels without applying P under anaerobic WM. Under anaerobic and As-contaminated conditions, BrrI dhan 29 was highly susceptible to straighthead, which dramatically reduced grain yields. There were significant relationships between the number of effective tillers per pot and root dry weight, grain yield, and number of fertile and unfertile grains per pot for both BrrI dhan 29 and BrrI dhan 32 （P＆lt;0.001）. Our findings indicate that rice could be grown aerobically in As-contaminated areas with a reduced risk of As toxicity and yield loss.

关键词： arsenic phosphorus rice water management yield

Quantifying relations between altered hydrology and fish community responses for streams in Minnesota

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 536-560页

作者： Jeffrey r.Ziegeweid Gregory D.Johnson Aliesha L.Krall Kara Fitzpatrick sara B.Levin U.s.Geological survey California Water Science Center6000 J StPlacer HallSacramentoCA 85819USA U.s.Geological survey Upper Midwest Water Science Center2280 Woodale DrMounds ViewMN 55112USA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 520 Lafayette RdSt.PaulMN 55155USA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 7678 College RoadSuite 105BaxterMN 56425USA

Background:Altered hydrology is a stressor on aquatic life,but quantitative relations between specific aspects of streamflow alteration and biological responses have not been developed on a statewide scale in *** sub-sets regression analysis was used to develop linear regression models that quantify relations among five categories of hydrologic metrics(i.e.,duration,frequency,magnitude,rate-of-change,and timing)computed from streamgage records and six categories of biological metrics(i.e.,composition,habitat,life history,reproductive,tolerance,trophic)computed from fish-community samples,as well as fish-based indices of biotic integrity(FIBI)scores and FIBI scores normalized to an impairment threshold of the corresponding stream class(FIBI_BCG4).relations between hydrology and fish community responses were examined using three hydrologic datasets that represented periods of record,long-term changes,and short-term changes to flow regimes in streams of ***:regression models demonstrated significant relations between hydrologic explanatory metrics and fish-based biological response metrics,and the five regression models with the strongest linear relations explained over 70%of the variability in the biological metric using three hydrologic metrics as explanatory ***-based biological metrics demonstrated the strongest linear relations to hydrologic *** most commonly used hydrologic metrics were related to bankfull flows and aspects of flow ***:Final regression models represent paired streamgage records and biological samples throughout the state of Minnesota and encompass differences in stream orders,hydrologic landscape units,and watershed *** methods can support evaluations of stream fish communities and facilitate targeted efforts to improve the health of fish *** also can be applied to locations outside of Minnesota with continuous streamgage data and fish-community sampl

关键词： Eflowstats Best subset regression Altered hydrology Fish community Indices of biotic integrity Ecological flows

Large earthquakes along slow converging plate margins:Calabrian Arc paleoseismicity based on the submarine turbidite record

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第5期14卷 241-266页

作者： A.Polonia r.Melis P.Galli E.Colizza D.D.Insinga L.Gasperini Istituto di scienze Marine(IsMAr-CNr) Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheArea della Ricerca di BolognaItaly Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze Universitàdegli Studi di TriesteItaly Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri Dipartimento della Protezione CivileServizio Rischio Sismico-RomaItaly

The Calabrian Arc subduction-rollback system hosts seismogenic faults capable of generating earthquakes exceeding magnitude *** earthquakes are the result of long-term geodynamic processes,documenting seismic activity during a sufficiently long time interval is of fundamental importance for hazard *** and historical data provide critical information on seismogenesis,but they cover time periods shorter than the recurrence times of large earthquakes,especially in areas with low deformation rates such as *** onshore paleoseismological studies are fundamental to compile earthquake catalogs,they are sometime affected by the relatively poor continuity of sedimentation in the subaerial *** this study we applied the paleoseismological approach to the submarine environment to reconstruct the record of high-energy sedimentary events triggered by seismic *** analyzed three gravity cores collected in disconnected sedimentary basins to reconstruct resedimentation processes during the Holocene,integrating inland information for a better assessment of tectonic activity and *** analyses of the sedimentary record constrained by radiometric dating allowed reconstructing event stratigraphy and linking resedimented deposits to specific *** and offshore data allow to identify large-magnitude earthquakes in the central Calabrian Arc subduction system during the Holocene,with inferred epicenters located either along normal faults onshore and/or related to the slab *** turbidite record reveals 20 major events during the last 10 ka,with sources including crustal faults in Calabria(***,rossano and Cittanova faults).Analyses of sediment samples and high-resolution seismic reflection images allowed identification of different types of resedimented deposits during the last 30–50 *** basin-wide occurrence of three megaturbidites/homogenites suggests they are related to megatsunamis sourced by

关键词： Calabrian Arc Earthquakes seismic shaking sedimentation seismo-turbidites

sb_(2)Te_(3)/graphite nanocomposite: A comprehensive study of thermal conductivity

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Journal of Materiomics 2021年第3期7卷 545-555页

作者： subarna Das P.singha V.A.Kulbachinskii V.G.Kytin Gangadhar Das s.Janaky A.K.Deb sudip Mukherjee A.Maignan s.Hebert r.Daou Chandrabhas Narayana s.Bandyopadhyay Aritra Banerjee Department of Physics University of Calcutta92 A P C RoadKolkata700009India Laboratoire de Cristallographie et sciences des Materiaux(CrIsMAT) Normandie UniversiteUMR6508 CNRSENSICAENUNICAEN14000CaenFrance Department of Low Temperature Physics and superconductivity Physics FacultyM.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University119991MoscowRussia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 141700DolgoprudnyMoscow RegionRussia Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchJakkur P.OBangalore560064India Department of Physics Raiganj UniversityUttar DinajpurWest Bengal733134India UGC-DAE Consortium for scientific research Mumbai CentreR-5 ShedBARC CampusTrombayMumbai400008India Center for research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology University of CalcuttaJD-2Sector-IIISaltlakeKolkata700106India

Thermoelectric performance largely depends on the reduction of lattice thermal conductivity(kL).The study of the thermal conductivity(k)of a sb_(2)Te_(3)/graphite nanocomposite system demonstrates-40%reduction in kL with graphite incorporation.A plausible explanation of intrinsic low kL observed in sb_(2)Te_(3) based system is presented by modeling experimental specific heat(Cp)*** spectroscopy measurement combined to X-ray diffraction data confirms the presence of graphite as separate phase in the composite *** is found that phonon scattering dominates heat transport mechanism in the nanostructured sb_(2)Te_(3)/graphite *** reduction in kL is accomplished by intensifying scattering rate of phonons via various *** introduces effective scattering sources,i.e.,defects of different dimensionalities in synthesized nanocomposite ***,graphite mediates phonon-phonon coupling and enhances lattice anharmonicity,which causes an intrinsic scattering of phonons with all frequencies in the sb_(2)Te_(3)/graphite nanocomposite *** density and phonon anharmonicity of the synthesized samples are estimated from in depth analysis of temperature dependent synchrotron powder diffraction and raman spectroscopic *** value as low as 0.8 W m1 K1 at 300 K,achieved with graphite dispersion in sb_(2)Te_(3) based composite system makes the present comprehensive study an interesting concept to be developed in thermoelectric materials.

关键词： Thermoelectric systems Thermal conductivity Phonons X-ray powder diffraction raman spectroscopy specific heat measurements

Time-of-flight methodologies with large-area diamond detectors for ion characterization in laser-driven experiments

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High Power Laser science and Engineering 2022年第1期10卷 53-63页

作者： M.salvadori G.Di Giorgio M.Cipriani M.sciscio C.Verona P.L.Andreoli G.Cristofari r.De Angelis M.Pillon N.E.Andreev P.Antici N.G.Borisenko D.Giulietti M.Migliorati O.rosmej s.Zahter F.Consoli Fusion and Nuclear safety Department ENEAFrascatiItaly INrs-EMT VarennesQCCanada Industrial Engineering Department University of Rome"Tor Vergata"RomeItaly Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASMoscowRussia P.N.Lebedev Physical Institute RASMoscowRussia Department of Physics University of PisaPisaItaly INFN of Pisa PisaItaly University of rome“La sapienza” RomeItaly INFN of rome RomeItaly GsI Helmotzzentrum fur schwerionenforschung GmbH DarmstadtGermany Goethe University Frankfurt FrankfurtGermany

The time-of-flight technique coupled with semiconductor detectors is a powerful instrument to provide real-time characterization of ions accelerated because of laser-matter ***,the presence of strong electromagnetic pulses(EMPs)generated during the interactions can severely hinder its *** this reason,the diagnostic system must be designed to have high EMP *** we present a new advanced prototype of detector,developed at ENEA-Centro ricerche Frascati(Italy),with a large-area(15 mm×15 mm)polycrystalline diamond sensor having 150 μm *** tailored detector design and testing ensure high sensitivity and,thanks to the fast temporal response,high-energy resolution of the reconstructed ion *** detector was offline calibrated and then successfully tested during an experimental campaign carried out at the PHELIX laser facility(E_(L)~100 J,τ_(L)=750 fs,I_(L)(1-2.5)×10^(19)W/cm^(2))at GsI(Germany).The high rejection to EMP fields was demonstrated and suitable calibrated spectra of the accelerated protons were obtained.

关键词： diamond detector ion diagnostics laser-matter interaction time of flight

3 T T2FLAIr在检测急性视神经炎视神经乳头水肿诊断的高准确性

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国际医学放射学杂志 2024年第3期 372-372页

作者： N.shor C.Lamirel s.rebbah C.Vignal V.Vasseur J.savatovsky 孔令红

摘要目的三分之一的视神经炎（ON）病人眼底镜可检测到视神经乳头水肿（ONHE）。虽然ONHE是一个重要的症状学特征，但ONHE与视神经乳头MrI异常（ONHMA）（有

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