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Observation of a highly conductive warm dense state of water with ultrafast pump–probe freeelectron-laser measurements

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2021年第5期6卷 1-12页

作者： Z.Chen X.Na C.B.Curry s.Liang M.French A.Descamps D.P.DePonte J.D.Koralek J.B.Kim s.Lebovitz M.Nakatsutsumi B.K.Ofori-Okai R.Redmer C.Roedel M.schörner s.skruszewicz P.sperling s.toleikis M.Z.Mo s.H.Glenzer sLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCalifornia 94025USA University of Alberta EdmontonAlberta T6G 1H9Canada Institute of Physics University of RostockD-18051 RostockGermany Aeronautics and Astronautics Department Stanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia 94305USA Northwestern University EvanstonIllinois 60208USA European XFEL 22869 SchenefeldGermany Friedrich schiller University Jena 07743 JenaGermany Technical University Darmstadt 64289 DarmstadtGermany Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron DEsY 22607 HamburgGermany

The electrical conductivity of water under extreme temperatures and densities plays a central role in modeling planetary magnetic *** data are vital to test theories of high-energy-densitywater and assess the possible development and presence of extraterrestrial *** states are also important in biology and chemistry studies when specimens in water are confined and excited using ultrafast optical or free-electron lasers(FELs).Here we utilize femtosecond optical lasers to measure the transient reflection and transmission of ultrathin water sheet samples uniformly heated by a 13.6 nm FEL approaching a highly conducting state at electron temperatures exceeding 20000 *** experiment probes the trajectory ofwater through the high-energy-density phase space and provides insights into changes in the index of refraction,charge carrier densities,andACelectrical conductivity at optical *** excitation energy densities exceeding 10MJ/kg,the index of refraction falls to n0.7,and the thermally excited free-carrier density reaches ne531027 m−3,which is over an order of magnitude higher than that of the electron carriers produced by direct *** specular reflection is observed owing to critical electron density shielding of electromagnetic *** optical conductivity reaches 23104 s/m,a value that is one to two orders of magnitude lower than those of simplemetals in a liquid *** electron temperatures below 15000 K,the experimental results agreewell with the theoretical calculations using density-functional theory/molecular-dynamics *** increasing temperature,the electron density increases and the system approaches a Fermi *** this regime,the conductivities agree better with predictions from the Ziman theory of liquid metals.

关键词： pump exceeding state

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Resonant Transfer and Excitation study for Hydrogen-like Uranium Ions

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IMP & HIRFL Annual Report 2001年第1期 85-85页

作者： P.H.Mokler G.Bednarz F.Bosch A.Gumberidze s.Hagmann C.Kozhuharov D.liesen U.Popp D.sierpowski Z.stachura Th.sthlken s.Tashennov s.toleikis A.Warczak GsI Darmstadt Germanv.Jagiellonian UnivCracowPoland.GST DarmstadtGermany.GST DarmstadtGermany.GST DarmstadtGermany.GST DarmstadtGermany.GST DarmstadtGermany.GST DarmstadtGermany.Jagiellonian Univ.CracowPoland.IFJ.CracowPoland.GSI DarmstadtGermany.State Univ.MoscowRussia.GSI DarmstadtGermany.Jagiellonian Univ.CracowPoland.

He-like ions are the simplest atomic system where the electron-electron interactions can be studied without any disturbance by further correlations. For heavy atomic systems the structure and dynamics differ significantly from those of light ions, and in this relativistic domain the current or magnetic interactions play an

关键词： relativistic Hydrogen disturbance excited switched uranium coincidence sketch initially interacting

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Resonant Transfer and Excitation study for Hydrogen-like Uranium Ions

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IMP & HIRFL Annual Report 2001年 85-85页

作者： P.H.Mokler,G.Bednarz,F.Bosch,A.Gumberidze,s.Hagmann,C.Kozhuharov,D.liesen,U.Popp,D.sierpowski,Z.stachura,Th.sthlken,s.Tashennov,s.toleikis,A.Warczak GsI Darmstadt Germanv. Jagiellonian Univ Cracow Poland. GsT Darmstadt Germany. GsT Darmstadt Germany. GsT Darmstadt Germany. GsT Darmstadt Germany. GsT Darmstadt Germany. GsT Darmstadt Germany. Jagiellonian Univ.Cracow Poland. IFJ.Cracow Poland. GsI Darmstadt Germany. state Univ.Moscow Russia. GsI Darmstadt Germany. Jagiellonian Univ.Cracow Poland.

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Two-electron QED studies for Helium-like Uranium

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近代物理研究所和兰州重离子加速器实验室年报：英文版 2002年第1期 75-75页

作者： MaXinwen Th.stoehlker A.Gumberidze H.F.Beyer G.Bednarz F.Bosch CaiXiaohong s.Fritzsche s.Hagmann C.Kozhuharov O.Klepper D.Liesen P.H.Mokler D.sierpowski Z.stachura M.steck A.surzhykov s.toleikis A.Warczak Y.Zou 不详 GsI-Darmstadt Germany. IKF UniversityofFrankfurtGermany InstituteofPhysics CracowUniversityPoland. UniversityofKassel Germany. KansasstateUniversity KansasUSA. INP CracowPoland. FudauUniversity ShanghaiChina.

The study of structure of few-electron heavy ions is of important interest due to the strong field effects. Helium-like ions are the simplest atomic multi-body systems. A considerable improved precision has been made in both theory and experiments recently. The experiment exploits the radiative recombination (RR) transitions into the vacant 1 s shell of bare and H-like ions. In this process, the energy carried by the emitted photon is the energy difference between the initial and final electron state, hω=Ekin+EB. For bare

关键词：类氦铀离子双电子QED效应强场作用少电子重离子结构研究原子物理学基态电子冷却电子

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Two-electron QED studies for Helium-like Uranium

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IMP & HIRFL Annual Report 2002年 75-75页

作者： Th.sthlker,A.Gumberidze,H.F.Beyer,G.Bednarz,F.Bosch,s.Fritzsche,s.Hagmann,C.Kozhuharov,O.Klepper,D.Liesen,P.H.Mokler,D.sierpowski,Z.stachura,M.steck,A.surzhykov,s.toleikis,A.Warczak,Y.Zou GsI-Darmstadt Germany.IKF University of Frankfurt Germany. GsI-Darmstadt Germany. IKF University of Frankfurt Germany. Tbilisi states University Georgia. GsI-Darmstadt Germany. Institute of Physics Cracow University Poland. GsI-Darmstadt Germany. University of Kassel Germany. GsI-Darmstadt Germany.Kansas state University Kansas UsA. GsI-Darmstadt Germany. GsI-Darmstadt Germany. GsI-Darmstadt Germany. GsI-Darmstadt Germany. Institute of Physics Cracow University Poland. INP Cracow Poland. GsI-Darmstadt Germany. Kansas state University Kansas UsA. GsI-Darmstadt Germany. Institute of Physics Cracow University Poland. Fudan University shanghai China.

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Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 71-84页

作者： Josef Krása Tomás Burian Vera Hájková Jaromír Chalupský Šimon Jelínek Katerina Frantálová Michal Krupka Zuzana Kuglerová sushil Kumar singh Vojtech Vozda Ludek Vysín MichalŠmíd Pablo Perez-Martin Marion Kühlman Juan Pintor Jakub Cikhardt Matthias Dreimann Dennis Eckermann Felix Rosenthal sam M.Vinko Alessandro Forte Thomas Gawne Thomas Campbell shenyuan Ren YuanFeng shi Trevor Hutchinson Oliver Humphries Thomas Preston Mikako Makita Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Xiayun Pan Alexander Köhler Marion Harmand sven toleikis Katerina Falk Libor Juha Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesNa Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Laser Plasma Department Institute of Plasma PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesZa Slovankou 318200 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of surface and Plasma science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Physical Electronics Faculty of Nuclear Science and Engineering PhysicsCzech Technical University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 40001328 DresdenGermany DEsY Photon science Notkestraße 85D-22607 HamburgGermany Institut de Minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de CosmochimieUMR 7590–UPMC/CNRS/IRD/MNHNSorbonne Université4 place Jussieu75005 ParisFrance Department of Physics Faculty of Electrical EngineeringCzech Technical University in PragueTechnická216627 Prague 6Czech Republic Center for soft Nanoscience University of MünsterBusso-Peus-Straße 10D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PUUnited Kingdom Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUnited Kingdom Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East AvenueLivermoreCalifornia 94550USA European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 4D-22869 SchenefeldGermany Technische Universität Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We report on an experiment performed at the FLAsH2 free-electron laser(FEL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric *** the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution *** find that most emitted ions are thermal,but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface,such as protons,are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped *** morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying *** find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.

关键词： electrostatic emitted chemi

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