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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第45期24卷 5076-5080页

作者： mark s Riddle Patrick Connor Chad K Porter Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics Uniformed Services University Military Enteric Disease Group Department of Military Medicine Royal Centre for Defence Medicine Birmingham Research Park Department of Enteric Diseases Naval Medical Research Center

One-hundred years have passed since the original description of the commonly described phenomenon of persistent abdominal symptoms being triggered by an acute enteric infection. This first account was generated out of astute observations by sir Arthur Hurst in World War I. Additional descriptions followed from military and non-military practitioners adding the evidence which has transitioned this recognized condition from association to causation. While mechanistic understanding is an area of active pursuit, this historical accounting of a centuries progress highlights important advances and contributions of military medicine and scientists to advances benefiting global populations.

关键词： Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome Medical history Military medicine Gastroenteritis Travelers’diarrhea Functional gastrointestinal disorder Bacterial diarrhea

Alternatives for large-scale production of cultured beef: A review

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 208-216页

作者： Matilda s M Moritz sanne E L Verbruggen mark J Post Department of Physiology Maastricht UniversityMaastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology Linkping UniversityLinkping SE-581 83 Sweden

Cultured beef is a method where stem cells from skeletal muscle of cows are cultured in vitro to gain edible muscle tissue. For large-scale production of cultured beef, the culture technique needs to become more efficient than today＇s 2-dimensional（2D） standard technique that was used to make the first cultured hamburger. Options for efficient large-scale production of stem cells are to culture cells on microcarriers, either in suspension or in a packed bed bioreactor, or to culture aggregated cells in suspension. We discuss the pros and cons of these systems as well as the possibilities to use the systems for tissue culture. Either of the production systems needs to be optimized to achieve an efficient production of cultured beef. It is anticipated that the optimization of large-scale cell culture as performed for other stem cells can be translated into successful protocols for bovine satellite cells resulting in resource and cost efficient cultured beef.

关键词： cultured beef microcarriers aggregated cells packed bed bioreactor cell culture

Overlapping community detection combining content and link

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science C(Computers and Electronics) 2012年第11期13卷 828-839页

作者： Zhou-zhou HE Zhong-fei(mark)ZHANG Philip s.YU Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Network Technology Department of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Computer science University of Illinois at ChicagoIL 60607USA

In classic community detection, it is assumed that communities are exclusive, in the sense of either soft clustering or hard clustering. It has come to attention in the recent literature that many real-world problems violate this assumption, and thus overlapping community detection has become a hot research topic. The existing work on this topic uses either content or link information, but not both of them. In this paper, we deal with the issue of overlapping community detection by combining content and link information. We develop an effective solution called subgraph overlapping clustering (sOC) and evaluate this new approach in comparison with several peer methods in the literature that use either content or link information. The evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness and promise of sOC in dealing with large scale real datasets.

关键词： Overlapping Content Link Community detection

Evolution of interventional endoscopic ultrasound

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Gastroenterology Report 2023年第1期11卷 131-139页

作者： mark J.Radlinski Daniel s.strand Vanessa M.shami Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA

Endoscopic ultrasound(EUs)has become an indispensable modality for the assessment of the gastrointestinal tract and adjacent structures since its origin in the *** the development of the linear echoendoscope,EUs has evolved from a purely diagnostic modality to a sophisticated tool for intervention,with numerous luminal,pancreaticobiliary,and hepatic ***,these applications may be subdivided into three categories:transluminal drainage or access procedures,injection therapy,and EUs-guided liver *** drainage or access procedures include management of pancreatic fluid collection,EUs-guided biliary drainage,EUs-guided bile duct drainage,EUs-guided pancreatic duct drainage,and enteral anastomosis *** therapies include therapeutic EUs-guided injections for management of malignancies accessible by ***-guided liver applications include EUs-guided liver biopsy,EUs-guided portal pressure gradient measurement,and EUs-guided vascular *** this review,we discuss the origins of each of these EUs applications,evolution of techniques leading to the current status,and future directions of EUs-guided interventional therapy.

关键词： endoscopic ultrasound interventional endoscopic ultrasound biliary drainage gastrojejunostomy pancreatic pseudocyst drainage

Jejunal diverticulosis found in a patient with long-standing pneumoperitoneum and pseudo-obstruction on imaging:a case report

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第4期4卷 337-340,I0003页

作者： Carolyn Hanna John Mullinax mark s Friedman Julian sanchez UsF Morsani College of Medicine TampaFLUSA Department of surgical Oncology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA

small bowel diverticulosis is a rare finding within the general population and jejunal diverticulosis,specifically,is even *** manifestations can range from post-prandial pain,constipation and malabsorption to serious complications,such as gastro-intestinal hemorrhage,perforation and acute intestinal *** we describe the case of an 81-yearold gentleman who presented with a three-year history of abdominal pain and weight *** unremarkable physical examination and laboratory tests,persistent pneumoperitoneum and dilated loops of small bowel were found on *** been given a diagnosis of small bowel bacterial overgrowth,the patient underwent capsule endoscopy study for further evaluation of his small *** capsule did not reach the colon and the patient never noted passing the capsule in his stool so,six months post-procedure,a computed tomography(CT)scan seemed to reveal the retained *** exploratory laparotomy revealed 200 cm of atonic,dilated jejunum with impressive diverticula along the antimesenteric *** case report is an example of an unusual set of presenting signs and symptoms of jejunal diverticulosis,including persistent pneumoperitoneum,pseudo-obstruction and small bowel bacterial overgrowth.A literature review has revealed that these signs have been present in other cases of jejunal diverticulosis,although the etiology and pathophysiology is not clearly understood.

关键词： Jejunal diverticulosis pneumoperitoneum pseudo-obstruction

Endogenous Glucocorticoids and Bone

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Bone Research 2013年第2期1卷 107-119页

作者： Hong Zhou mark s. Cooper markus J. seibel Bone Research Program ANZAC Research Institute Concord Clinical school The University of Sydney Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism Concord Hospital

While the adverse effects of glucocorticoids on bone are well described, positive effects of glucocorticoids on the differentiation of osteoblasts are also observed. These paradoxical effects of glucocorticoids are dose dependent. At both physiologicaland supraphysiological levels of glucocorticoids, osteoblasts and osteocytes are the major glucocorticoid target cells. However, the response of the osteoblasts to each of these is quite distinct. At physiology levels, glucocorticoids direct mesenchymal progenitor cells to differentiate towards osteoblasts and thus increase bone formation in a positive way. In contrast with ageing, the excess production of glucocorticoids, at both systemic and intracellular levels, appear to impact on osteoblast and osteocytes in a negative way in a similar fashion to that seen with therapeutic glucocorticoids. This review will focus on therole of glucocorticoids in normal bone physiology, with particular emphasis on the mechanism by which endogenous glucocorticoids impact on bone and its constituent cells.

关键词： glucocorticoids mechanisms of action bone osteoblasts skeletal development Wnt signaling

A cost-effective method to enhance adenoviral transduction of primary murine osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells

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Bone Research 2016年第2期4卷 91-100页

作者： Atum M Buo mark s Williams Jaclyn P Kerr Joseph P stains Department of Orthopaedics University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland School of Medicine

We report here a method for the use of poly-L-lysine （PLL） to markedly improve the adenoviral transduction efficiency of primary murine osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells （BMsCs） in culture and in situ, which are typically difficult to transduce. We show by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry that the addition of PLL to the viral-containing medium significantly increases the number of green fluorescence protein （GFP）-positive osteoblasts and BMsCs transduced with an enhanced GFP-expressing adenovirus. We also demonstrate that PLL can greatly enhance the adenoviral transduction of osteoblasts and osteocytes in situ in ex vivo tibia and calvaria, as well as in long bone fragments. In addition, we validate that PLL can improve routine adenoviral transduction studies by permitting the use of low multiplicities of infection to obtain the desired biologic effect. Ultimately, the use of PLL to facilitate adenoviral gene transfer in osteogenic cells can provide a cost-effective means of performing efficient gene transfer studies in the context of bone research.

关键词： A cost-effective method to enhance adenoviral transduction of primary murine osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells PLL bone

Effect of Cooling Rate on the Room Temperature Microstructure Following the Intercritical Deformation of steel s460

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 500-505页

作者： Hinton John s Palmiere Eric J Rainforth W.mark IMMPETUs Dept.Of Materials Science and EngineeringThe University of SheffieldMappin StSheffieldSouth YorkshireS1 3JDUK

The effect of final hot rolling in the intercritical (α+γ) region on microstructure and properties is very specific to the individual processing conditions and the chemical composition of a steel.s460 is a plate steel processed in this *** reproduce at the laboratory scale,a multi-stage simulation was developed which included a high temperature austenite deformation and an isothermal *** effect of the applied cooling rate following intercritical deformation was *** 1K/s (typical industrial cooling) the microstructure was similar to the reference sample,but included an intragranular ferrite *** was due to differences in processing history,and considered to be linked to a larger prior austenite grain *** an accelerated cooling rate (15K/s),acicular ferrite formed on shear bands within the strained austenite *** scans have been completed to provide further information about the microstructures,with band contrast able to identify the pearlite phase at the slowest cooling *** is a starting point from which to focus on the ferrite morphologies.

关键词： intercritical deformation cooling rate laboratory simulation plate steel acicular ferrite

Nogo-A receptor internalization by cyclic adenosine monophosphate in overcoming axonal growth inhibitors after stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 91-92页

作者： Rayudu Gopalakrishna Charlotte Lin mark s.Kindy William J.Mack Department of Integrative Anatomical sciences Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Neurological surgery Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Pharmaceutical sciences College of PharmacyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA

Currently,there are no clinically proven drugs for recovery from stroke and other neuronal injuries such as traumatic brain injury and spinal cord *** therapy requires axonal regeneration,which is inhibited by diverse axonal growth inhibitors,such as Nogo-A,myelin-associated glycoprotein(MAG),oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein(OMgp),and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans(CsPGs)(Chaudhry and Filbin,2007;Carmichael,2010;schwab and strittmatter,2014).

关键词： axonal injuries inhibited

A comparative study of the role of solute,potent particles and ultrasonic treatment during solidification of pure Mg,Mg-Zn and Mg-Zr alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第3期9卷 829-839页

作者： Nagasivamuni Balasubramani Gui Wang mark A.Easton David H.st John Matthew s.Dargusch Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing(AMPAM) School of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia school of Engineering RMIT UniversityCarlton3053 VICAustralia

Ultrasonic treatment(UsT)applied during the solidification of pure Mg,eutectic(Mg-Zn)and peritectic(Mg-Zr)alloys was investigated in order to explore the grain refinement *** dependent grain refinement is observed in pure Mg where decreasing the superheat temperature(at which UsT is applied from above the melting temperature,TM)from 100℃to 40℃produces significant refinement with a uniform grain *** presence of solute reduces the temperature dependence of the UsT refinement and excellent grain refinement is obtained regardless of the superheat temperature(100℃or 40℃)and even with the use of preheated sonotrode in the Mg-6 wt.%Zn alloy.A further improvement in grain refinement is achieved when the alloy contains potent particles that introduce additional nucleation of grains in Mg-0.5 and 1.0 wt.%Zr alloys(producing an average grain size of≤100μm).At 40℃superheat,UsT of Mg-Zn alloys produces excellent refinement(average grain sizes,which is normally achieved only with the addition of grain refining master alloy in the as-cast *** enhanced refinement observed in the eutectic alloy is explained through the undercooling imposed by a relatively cold sonotrode combined with high frequency vibrations and acoustic *** advantages of using a cold sonotrode,a low superheat and solute are demonstrated for achieving significant refinement during solidification of Mg alloys under UsT without or with a lower addition of grain refining master alloys.

关键词： Grain refinement Mg-Zn alloy Mg-Zr alloy Ultrasonic treatment Interdependence Model solidification