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Distinct Modes of Winter Arctic sea Ice Motion and Their Associations with surface Wind Variability

Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2010年第2期27卷 211-229页

作者：武炳义 mark A. JOHNsON Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences Arctic Region supercomputing Center University of Alaska Fairbanks Institute of Marine science University of Alaska Fairbanks

Using monthly mean sea ice velocity data obtained from the International Arctic Buoy Programme （IABP） for the period of 1979–1998 and the monthly mean NCEP/NCAR re-analysis dataset （1960–2002）, we investigated the spatiotemporal evolution of the leading sea ice motion mode （based on a complex correlation matrix constructed of normalized sea ice motion velocity） and their association with sea level pressure （sLP） and the predominant modes of surface wind field variability. The results indicate that the leading winter sea ice motion mode’s spatial evolution is characterized by two alternating and distinct sea ice modes, or their linear combination. One mode （M1） shows a nearly closed cyclonic or anti-cyclonic circulation anomaly in the Arctic Basin and its marginal seas, resembling to a large extent the response of sea ice motion to the Arctic Oscillation （AO）, as many previous studies have revealed. The other mode （M2） displays a coherent cyclonic or anti-cyclonic circulation anomaly with its center close to the Laptev sea, which has not been identified in previous observational studies. In fact, M1 and M2 respectively reflect the responses of sea ice motion to two predominant modes of winter surface wind variability north of 70 ？ N, which well correspond, with slight differences, to the first two modes of EOF analysis of winter monthly mean sLP north of 70 ？ N. These slight differences in sLP anomalies lead to a difference of M2 from the response of sea ice motion to the dipole anomaly. Although the AO significantly influences sea ice motion, it is not crucial for the existence of M1. The new sea ice motion mode （M2） has the largest variance and clearly differs from the response of winter monthly mean sea ice motion to the dipole anomaly in sLP fields, and corresponding sLP anomalies also show differences compared to the dipole anomaly. This study indicates that in the Arctic Basin and its marginal seas, slight differences in sLP anomaly patterns can force distinctl

关键词： distinct mode Arctic sea ice motion Arctic surface wind forcing

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Extreme Weather Loss and Damage Estimation Using a Hybrid simulation Technique

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2022年第4期13卷 592-601页

作者： Charles Doktycz mark Abkowitz Hiba Baroud school of Civil and Environmental Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA

History has shown that occurrences of extreme weather are becoming more frequent and with greater impact,regardless of one's geographical *** a risk analysis setting,what will happen,how likely it is to happen,and what are the consequences,are motivating questions searching for *** help address these considerations,this study introduced and applied a hybrid simulation model developed for the purpose of improving understanding of the costs of extreme weather events in the form of loss and damage,based on empirical data in the contiguous United *** results are encouraging,showing on average a mean cost estimate within 5%of the historical *** creates opportunities to improve the accuracy in estimating the expected costs of such events for a specific event type and geographic *** turn,by having a more credible price point in determining the cost-effectiveness of various infrastructure adaptation strategies,it can help in making the business case for resilience investment.

关键词： Climate change Cost estimation Extreme weather Loss and damage Loss normalization Monte Carlo simulation

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Human and domesticated animal environmental DNA as bioassays of the Anthropocene

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The Innovation 2023年第1期4卷 14-15页

作者： David s.Thaler Jesse H.Ausubel mark Y.stoeckle Biozentrum University of BaselCH-4056 BaselSwitzerland Program for the Human Environment Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNY 10065USA

Human action famously transforms the Earth and its biosphere and geosphere.1 While most literature consider plowing,burning,debris,and other products and by-products of our activities,direct effects of changing human biomass might merit further *** are now the dominant terrestrial vertebrate,composing about 1/3 of land vertebrate biomass,which translates to 1/10 of total vertebrate biomass.2 The other terrestrial 2/3 consists nearly entirely of livestock kept by humans for ***-domesticated land vertebrates,from shrews to elephants to swallows,form a mere 3%.Human and domestic animal sequences,commonly detected in environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding studies,are routinely excluded from ***,we hypothesize that extending eDNA analysis to include human and domesticated animal eDNA(hdaDNA)will provide insight into present-day and potentially historical human impacts on the biosphere(Figure 1).We think the distribution and abundance of hdaDNA are features of the Anthropocene worthy of study.

关键词： routine Human terrestrial

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The Wave Front set Correspondence for Dual Pairs with One Member Compact

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Acta Mathematica sinica,English series 2024年第3期40卷 823-869页

作者： mark MCKEE Angela PAsQUALE Tomasz PRZEBINDA Hammond Lane ProvidenceUT 84332USA Universite de Lorraine CNRSIECLF-57000 MetzFrance Department of Mathematics University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA

Let W be a real symplectic space and(G,G')an irreducible dual pair in sp(W),in the sense of Howe,with G *** G be the preimage of G in the metaplectic group sp(W).Given an irreducible unitary representation II of G that occurs in the restriction of the Weil representation to G,let On denote its *** prove that,for a suitable embedding T of sp(W)in the space of tempered distributions on W,the distribution T(On)admits an asymptotic limit,and the limit is a nilpotent orbital *** an application,we compute the wave front set of II',the representation of G dual to II,by elementary means.

关键词： Reductive dual pairs Howe duality Weil representation wave front set orbital integrals

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Characterizing and Mitigating Chemomechanical Degradation in High-Energy Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第5期3卷 511-524页

作者： Norman s.Luu Kyu-Young Park mark C.Hersam Department of Materials science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208United States Graduate Institute of Ferrous and Energy Materials Technology Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKyungbuk 37673Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208United

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are nearly ubiquitous energy storage solutions,powering devices ranging from consumer electronics to electric *** advance these applications,current LIB research efforts are directed toward improving energy and power densities,cyclic lifetimes,charging speeds,and *** parameters are intrinsically tied to properties of the active electrode materials,such as the redox mechanism,chemical composition,and crystal *** particularly challenging issue is that the active electrode materials that possess higher theoretical energy densities are generally more susceptible to degradation during cycling.A notable example is the family of layered multicomponent transition metal oxides,which is the incumbent class of active LIB cathode materials for electric *** increase their theoretical capacities,the transition metal fraction in these materials is trending toward higher Ni ***,Ni-rich chemistries suffer from electrochemical,crystallographic,and mechanical degradation that increase in severity with increasing Ni ***,alternative high-energy cathode materials,including overlithiated layered oxides and disordered rock salt materials,present additional stability challenges that must be overcome before they can be realistically incorporated into LIB *** chemomechanical degradation in high-energy LIB cathode materials occurs at multiple length *** defects,such as antisite defects or vacancies,are commonly generated during electrochemical cycling and can contribute to the loss of cyclable active *** both the primary and secondary particle level,electrochemical cycling also induces significant volumetric changes and state-of-charge heterogeneity,generating regions of high stress and strain that are precursors to mechanical ***,at the electrode level,nonuniform charge transfer reactions throughout the electrode can lead to locally overcharged regions that become

关键词： Battery electrode cycling

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Risk Acceptability and Cost-Effectiveness of Protective Measures Against Terrorist Threats to Built Infrastructure Considering Multiple Threat scenarios

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2008年第5期14卷 313-317页

作者： sTEWART mark G Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability The University of Newcastle

Decisions are often needed about the need and/or extent of protective measures against explosive blast loads on built infrastructure. A decision support analysis considers fatality risks and cost-effectiveness of protective measures expressed in terms of expected cost spent on risk reduction per life saved for terrorist threats to infrastructure. The analysis is applicable to any item of infrastructure, but in this paper is applied to casualties arising from building facade glazing damage. Risks may be compared with risk acceptance criteria in the form of quantitative safety goals. The risk acceptability and cost-effectiveness of protective measures includes cost of the protective measures, attack probability,reduction in risk due to protective measures,probability of fatality conditional on successful terrorist attack and number of exposed individuals.

关键词： risk terrorism cost-benefit analysis infrastructure decision analysis

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Realistic magnetic thermodynamics by local quantization of a semiclassical Heisenberg model

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1771-1776页

作者： Flynn Walsh mark Asta Lin-Wang Wang Materials sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Graduate Group in Applied science and Technology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Materials science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Institute of semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences100083BeijingChina

Classical Monte Carlo simulation of the Heisenberg model poorly describes many thermodynamic phenomena due to its neglect of the quantum nature of ***,we discuss how to semiclassically approach the quantum problem and demonstrate a simple method for introducing a locally approximate form of spin *** the procedure underestimates magnetic short-range order,our results suggest a simple correction for recovering realistic spin–spin correlations above the critical ***,ensemble fluctuations are found to provide reasonably accurate thermodynamics,largely reproducing quantum mechanically calculated heat capacities and experimental magnetometry for ferromagnetic Fe and antiferromagnetic *** of the method are proposed to address remaining inaccuracies.

关键词： temperature thermodynamics Heisenberg

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Absence of high amplitude propagating contractions in subjects with chronic spinal cord injury

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第43期16卷 5435-5439页

作者： Hanumantha R Ancha Noel R Fajardo William A Bauman Alan s Rosman Marinella Galea Graham Creasey mark A Korsten Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence for Medical Consequences of spinal Cord Injury James J. Peters VA Medical Center Medical service James J. Peters VA Medical Center Department of Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine spinal Cord Injury service James J. Peters VA Medical Center spinal Cord Injury service VA Medical Center

AIM: To investigate the presence or absence of high amplitude propagating contractions (HAPC), as well as the other measures of colonic motility, in persons with spinal cord injury (sCI). METHODs: Prolonged colonic ambulatory manometric studies were performed on 14 male volunteers: 8 with sCI (mean age, 59 ± 13 years; mean duration of injury, 13 ± 4 years) and 6 healthy able-bodied controls (mean age, 57 ± 10 years). A solid-state manometry catheter was endoscopically clipped to the splenic flexure. Recording was performed for > 24 h after manometric catheter placement. REsULTs: HAPC were absent in individuals with sCI during pre-sleep, sleep, and post-sleep phases. HAPC were significantly increased after awakening in non-sCI controls (0.8 ± 0.2 HAPC/h vs 10.5 ± 2.0 HAPC/h, P s lower in those with sCI than in controls preand post-sleep (sCI vs non-sCI: Pre-sleep, 2.4 ± 0.4 vs 8.8 ± 1.9, P st-sleep, 4.3 ± 0.8 vs 16.5 ± 4.5, P sleepinduced depression of colonic motility was observed in both the sCI and non-sCI groups (Pre-sleep vs sleep, non-sCI: 8.8 ± 1.9 vs 2.1 ± 0.9, P sCI: 2.4 ± 0.4 vs 0.2 ± 0.03, P se with sCI during sleep not significantly different than that of the controls. CONCLUsION: HAPC were not observed in individuals with sCI preor post-sleep. A sleep-induced depression in general colonic motility was evident in sCI and control subjects.

关键词： spinal cord injury Neurogenic bowel Bowel motility High amplitude propagating contractions Motility index

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Enabling silicon photoanodes for efficient solar water splitting by electroless-deposited nickel

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Nano Research 2018年第6期11卷 3499-3508页

作者： Jiheng Zhao Thomas.mark Gill Xiaolin Zheng Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University Stanford 9430S USA

Enabling si photoanodes for efficient solar water oxidation would facilitate the development of solar fuel conversion, but it is challenging owing to si surface passivation via photo-induced corrosion in aqueous electrolytes. To overcome this challenge, most approaches have focused on improving the stability of si by coating dense and thin protective layers using high vacuum-based techniques such as atomic layer deposition. However, these procedures are costly, making scalability for practical applications difficult. Herein, we report a modified electroless deposition （ELD） method to uniformly deposit protective and catalytic Ni films on si wafers, resulting in efficient and stable si photoanodes for solar water oxidation. The optimized Ni/n-si photoanode achieves an onset potential of -1.09 V vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode and a saturation current density of -27.5 mA/cm^2 under AM 1.5 G illumination at pH 14. The ELD method is additionally capable of Ni deposition on a 4-inch n-si wafer, demonstrating the first 4-inch si photoanode. The solar water oxidation of the ELD-Ni/n-si photoanode can be further improved by surface texturing, built-in n-p junctions, or coupling with more efficient catalysts.

关键词： Ni deposition electroless plating si photoanode oxygen evolution reaction (OER) photoelectrochemical water splitting

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Reaction kinetic model for a recent co-produced water treatment technology

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2011年第3期23卷 360-365页

作者： Abdulwahab M Ali Tuwati mark A.Bentley Chemical & Petroleum Engineering University of Wyoming

With the increasing demand for fossil based energy and implementation of progressively strict environmental pollution control standards, treatment of a large amount of co-produced waters （CPWs） from fossil based energy production has become increasingly important. Removal of bicarbonate with H2sO4 has been recently studied as a simple and cost-effective method to decrease the alkalinity of CPWs. The present work investigates the kinetics of the reaction between H2sO4 and NaHCO3, which could provide the base for scaling-up the CPW treatment technology. Based on the measured quantity change of the CO2 gas generated from the reaction between H2sO4 and NaHCO3 with time under specified initial reaction conditions, the reaction orders with respect to H2sO4 and NaHCO3 were determined. Experiments were also conducted within the temperature of 15-30℃ to find various global rate coefficients of the reaction to calculate the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of the empirical Arrhenius form of the bicarbonate removal reaction, which are 197.7 kJ/mol and 3.13 × 1034 （mol-3.7 ×L3.7 ×sec^-1 ）, respectively.

关键词： fossil fuels water wastewater alkalinity bicarbonate

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