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Numerical investigation of spallation neutrons generated from petawatt-scale laser-driven proton beams

Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第2期7卷 8-17页

作者： B.Martinez s.N.Chen s.bolaños N.Blanchot G.Boutoux W.Cayzac C.Courtois X.Davoine A.Duval V.Horny I.Lantuejoul L.Le Deroff P.E.Masson-Laborde G.sary B.Vauzour R.smets L.Gremillet J.Fuchs LULI-CNRs CEAUPMC Univ Paris 06:Sorbonne UniversitéEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance CEA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest-MagureleRomania CEA DAMCESTAF-33114 Le BarpFrance UniversitéParis-saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChâtelFrance LPP Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSEcole PolytechniqueF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance

Laser-driven neutron sources could offer a promising alternative to those based on conventional accelerator technologies in delivering compact beams of high brightness and short *** examine this through particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo simulations that model,respectively,the laser acceleration of protons from thin-foil targets and their subsequent conversion into neutrons in secondary lead *** parameters relevant to the 0.5 PW LMJ-PETAL and 0.6–6 PW Apollon systems are *** to its high intensity,the 20-fs-duration 0.6 PW Apollon laser is expected to accelerate protons up to above 100MeV,thereby unlocking efficient neutron generation via spallation *** a result,despite a 30-fold lower pulse energy than the LMJ-PETAL laser,the 0.6 PW Apollon laser should perform comparably well both in terms of neutron yield and ***,we predict that very compact neutron pulses,of∼10 ps duration and∼100μm spot size,can be released provided the lead convertor target is thin enough(∼100μm).These sources are characterized by extreme fluxes,of the order of 10^(23) n cm^(−2) s^(−1),and even ten times higher when using the 6 PW Apollon *** values surpass those currently achievable at large-scale accelerator-based neutron sources(∼10^(16) n cm^(−2) s^(−1)),or reported from previous laser experiments using low-Z converters(∼10^(18) n cm^(−2) s^(−1)).By showing that such laser systems can produce neutron pulses significantly brighter than existing sources,our findings open a path toward attractive novel applications,such as flash neutron radiography and laboratory studies of heavy-ion nucleosynthesis.

关键词： thereby attractive extreme

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Detailed characterization of a laboratory magnetized supercritical collisionless shock and of the associated proton energization

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第1期7卷 15-28页

作者： W.Yao A.Fazzini s.N.Chen K.Burdonov P.Antici J.B´eard s.bolaños A.Ciardi R.Diab E.D.Filippov s.Kisyov V.Lelasseux M.Miceli Q.Moreno V.Nastasa s.Orlando s.Pikuz D.C.Popescu G.Revet X.Ribeyre E.d’Humi`eres J.Fuchs LULI–CNRs CEAUPMC Univ Paris 06:Sorbonne Universit´eEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance sorbonne Universit´e Observatoire de ParisUniversit´e PSLCNRSLERMAF-75005 ParisFrance ELI-NP “Horia Hulubei”National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania IAP Russian Academy of Sciences603155 Nizhny NovgorodRussia INRs-EMT 1650 Blvd.Lionel-BouletVarennesQuebec J3X 1S2Canada LNCMI UPR 3228CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSAF-31400 ToulouseFrance JIHT Russian Academy of Sciences125412 MoscowRussia Universit`a degli studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica E.Segr`ePiazza del Parlamento 190134 PalermoItaly INAF–osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo PalermoItaly University of Bordeaux Centre Lasers Intenses et ApplicationsCNRSCEAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance ELI-Beamlines Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of Sciences5 Kvetna 83525241 Dolni BrezanyCzech Republic NRNU MEPhI 115409 MoscowRussia

Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in the Universe and are held responsible for the production of nonthermal particles and high-energy *** the absence of particle collisions in the system,theory shows that the interaction of an expanding plasma with a pre-existing electromagnetic structure(as in our case)is able to induce energy dissipation and allow shock *** formation can alternatively take place when two plasmas interact,through microscopic instabilities inducing electromagnetic fields that are able in turn to mediate energy dissipation and shock *** our platform in which we couple a rapidly expanding plasma induced by high-power lasers(JLF/Titan at LLNL and LULI2000)with high-strength magnetic fields,we have investigated the generation of a magnetized collisionless shock and the associated particle *** have characterized the shock as being collisionless and *** report here on measurements of the plasma density and temperature,the electromagnetic field structures,and the particle energization in the experiments,under various conditions of ambient plasma and magnetic *** have also modeled the formation of the shocks using macroscopic hydrodynamic simulations and the associated particle acceleration using kinetic particle-in-cell *** a companion paper to Yao et al.[***.17,1177–1182(2021)],here we show additional results of the experiments and simulations,providing more information to allow their reproduction and to demonstrate the robustness of our interpretation of the proton energization mechanism as being shock surfing acceleration.

关键词： field collision shock

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Highly-collimated, high-charge and broadband MeV electron beams produced by magnetizing solids irradiated by high-intensity lasers

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2019年第4期4卷 1-8页

作者： s.bolaños J.Beard G.Revet s.N.Chen s.Pikuz E.Filippov M.safronova M.Cerchez O.Willi M.starodubtsev J.Fuchs LULI—CNRs Ecole PolytechniqueCEA:Universite Paris-SaclayUPMC Univ Paris 06:Sorbonne UniversitesF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance LNCMI UPR 3228CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA31400 ToulouseFrance Institute of Applied Physics 46 Ulyanov Street603950 Nizhny NovgorodRussian Federation ELI-NP “Horia Hulubei”National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS125412 MoscowRussian Federation National Research Nuclear University MEPhI 115409 MoscowRussian Federation Institute for Laser and Plasma Physics University of DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany

Laser irradiation of solid targets can drive short and high-charge relativistic electron bunches over micron-scale acceleration ***,for a long time,this technique was not considered a viable means of electron acceleration due to the large intrinsic divergence(∼50°half-angle)of the ***,a reduction in this divergence to 10°–20°half-angle has been obtained,using plasma-based magnetic fields or very high contrast laser pulses to extract the electrons into the *** we show that we can further improve the electron beam collimation,down to∼1.5°half-angle,of a high-charge(6 nC)beam,and in a highly reproducible manner,while using standard stand-alone 100 TW-class laser *** is obtained by embedding the laser-target interaction in an external,large-scale(cm),homogeneous,extremely stable,and high-strength(20 T)magnetic field that is independent of the *** upcoming multi-PW,high repetition-rate lasers,this technique opens the door to achieving even higher charges(>100 nC).

关键词： charge high acceleration

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Non-symmetric differentially subordinate martingales and sharp weak-type bounds for Fourier multipliers

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science China Mathematics 2024年第8期67卷 1807-1826页

作者： Meryem Akboudj Yong Jiao Adam osękowski school of Mathematics and statistics Hunan Key Laboratory of Analytical Mathematics and ApplicationsCentral South UniversityChangsha 410075China Faculty of Mathematics Informatics and MechanicsUniversity of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland

Let p>2 be a given *** this paper,we prove,with the best constant,the weak-type(p,p)inequality■for a large class of non-symmetric Fourier multipliers T_(m) obtained via modulation of jumps of certain Lévy *** particular,the estimate holds for appropriate linear combinations of second-order Riesz transforms and skew versions of the Beurling-Ahlfors operator on the complex *** proof rests on a novel probabilistic bound for Hilbert-space-valued martingales satisfying a certain non-symmetric subordination *** applications to harmonic functions and Riesz systems on Euclidean domains are indicated.

关键词： weak-type bound Fourier multiplier martingale differential subordination laminate

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Characterisation of the Bacteria and Archaea Community Associated with Wild Oysters, At Three Possible Restoration sites in the North sea

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Open Journal of Marine science 2024年第2期14卷 19-40页

作者： Natacha M. s. Juste-Poinapen Yang Lu Blanca bolaños De Hoyos George C. Birch Camille saurel Oyster Heaven Rotterdam Netherlands Nucleus Rotterdam Netherlands Microbial Ecology and Wastewater Microbiology Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia National Institute of Aquatic Resources Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark

With 85% of the global oyster reefs destroyed, there is an urgent need for large scale restoration to benefit from the ecosystem services provided by biogenic oyster reefs and their associated biodiversity, including microorganisms that drive marine biogeochemical cycles. This experiment established a baseline for the monitoring of the bacterial and archaeal community associated with wild oysters, using samples from their immediate environment of the Voordelta, with cohabiting Crassostrea gigas and ostrea edulis, Duikplaats with only C. gigas attached to rocks, and the Dansk skaldyrcentre, with no onsite oysters. The microbial profiling was carried out through DNA analysis of samples collected from the surfaces of oyster shells and their substrate, the sediment and seawater. Following 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics, alpha indices implied high species abundance and diversity in sediment but low abundance in seawater. As expected, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Thaumarchaeota dominated the top 20 OTUs. In the Voordelta, OTUs related to Colwellia, shewanella and Psychrobium differentiated the oysters collected from a reef with those attached to rocks. Duikplaats were distinct for sulfur-oxidizers sulfurimonas and sulfate-reducers from the sva 0081 sediment group. Archaea were found mainly in sediments and the oyster associated microbiome, with greater abundance at the reef site, consisting mostly of Thaumarchaeota from the family Nitrosopumilaceae. The oyster free site displayed archaea in sediments only, and algal bloom indicator microorganisms from the Rhodobacteraceae, Flavobacteriaceae family and genus [Polaribacter] huanghezhanensis, in addition to the ascidian symbiotic partner, synechococcus. This study suggests site specific microbiome shifts, influenced by the presence of oysters and the type of substrate.

关键词： Oyster Reefs Microbiome Marine Bacteria Marine Archaea Restoration

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From BIM model to 3D construction printing:A framework proposal

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第4期13卷 912-927页

作者： Rodrigo García-Alvarado Pedro soza Ginnia Moroni Fernando Pedreros Martín Avendaño Pablo Banda Cristian Berríos Depto.Diseño y Teoría de La Arquitectura Universidad Del Bío-BíoConcepciónChile Depto.Arquitectura Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile Facultad de Ingeniería Arquitectura y DiseñoUniversidad San SebastiánConcepciónChile Facultad de Arquitectura Arte y DiseñoUniversidad Diego PortalesSantiagoChile

The growth of 3D construction printing needs appropriate integration into the planning and execution phases of building *** this aim,the Architecture,Engineering,and Construction sector(AEC)has been increasingly adopting building information modeling(BIM)systems to synchronize design and construction *** study proposes a technical workflow to manage 3D construction printing into BIM models,evaluating various procedures according to construction element *** on mature software platforms,the research details the data transfer process using a case study of a single-story *** case delves into design procedures for constructing walls of varied shapes,adjustments in width,joints,openings,textures,fillings,and the insertion of reinforcements and services while also discussing requirements of other building *** steps for managing design information and controlling printing machines are *** study’s outcome presents a comprehensive information flow,encompassing model segmentation,geometric data transfer,adjustments of details,and the generation of printing ***,it is offered a discussion that underlines the importance of a synergistic digital information flow that merges both design and execution phases,promoting construction efficiency and the embrace of innovative *** contribution of the paper focuses on technical design strategies for 3D construction printing,but also on suggesting an integrated process.

关键词： 3D construction printing Additive manufacturing Architectural design BIM

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single atom Cu-N-C catalysts for the electro-reduction of CO_(2) to CO assessed by rotating ring-disc electrode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 169-182,I0004页

作者： s.Pérez-Rodríguez M.Gutiérrez-Roa C.Giménez-Rubio D.Ríos-Ruiz P.Arévalo-Cid M.V.Martínez-Huerta A.Zitolo M.J.Lázaro D.sebastián Instituto de Carboquímica(CsIC) Miguel Luesma Castán 450018 ZaragozaSpain Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica(CsIC) Marie Curie 228049 MadridSpain synchrotron sOLEIL L’Orme des MerisiersDépartementale 12891190France

The electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to controllable chemicals is considered as a promising pathway to store intermittent renewable energy. Herein, a set of catalysts based on copper-nitrogendoped carbon xerogel(Cu-N-C) are successfully developed varying the copper amount and the nature of the copper precursor, for the efficient CO_(2)RR. The electrocatalytic performance of Cu-N-C materials is assessed by a rotating ring-disc electrode(RRDE), technique still rarely explored for CO_(2)RR. For comparison, products are also characterized by online gas chromatography in a H-cell. The as-synthesized Cu-NC catalysts are found to be active and highly CO selective at low overpotentials(from -0.6 to -0.8 V ***) in 0.1 M KHCO_(3), while H_(2) from the competitive water reduction appears at larger overpotentials(-0.9 V vs. RHE). The optimum copper acetate-derived catalyst containing Cu-N_(4) moieties exhibits a CO_(2)-to-CO turnover frequency of 997 h^(-1) at -0.9 V vs. RHE with a H_(2)/CO ratio of 1.8. These results demonstrate that RRDE configuration can be used as a feasible approach for identifying electrolysis products from CO_(2)RR.

关键词： Cu-N-C Carbon xerogel Rotating ring disc electrode Carbon dioxide reduction reaction Carbon monoxide

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基层治理现代化试点中的公共价值生产——以上海L城中村物业化管理为例

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河南社会科学 2024年第4期32卷 106-116页

作者：翁士洪波拉提江华东师范大学公共管理学院上海200062

基层治理现代化是我国国家治理现代化的重要基石。在超大型城市最薄弱地带的城中村是否具有及如何生产公共价值,从而创新基层治理实践,是个非常值得关注且往往被忽略的理论与现实命题。基于公共价值管理理论的战略三角模型,对上海市L城... 详细信息

基层治理现代化是我国国家治理现代化的重要基石。在超大型城市最薄弱地带的城中村是否具有及如何生产公共价值,从而创新基层治理实践,是个非常值得关注且往往被忽略的理论与现实命题。基于公共价值管理理论的战略三角模型,对上海市L城中村试点物业化管理展开深入案例研究。研究发现,L村在物业化管理模式的试点过程中,由理念引导、政治支持和实践基础构成的战略三角,形成了多元主体之间的公共价值生产活动,在一定程度上激活了城中村治理。其中,理念引导是运用“三联共治”网络治理,政治基础由“1+5+12+X”党组织架构带领下的镇党委镇政府、城运中心、村委会、村民代表大会构成,实践基础则包括共识塑造、组织领导、规范参与、长效监督、综合能力等要素。物业化管理模式的“试点-推广”,需要不断拓展和完善管理体系,从而打造多元融合、集约高效、便民利民的基层治理现代化模式。

关键词：基层治理现代化政策试点公共价值生产物业管理城中村

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Engineering bionic T cells: signal 1, signal 2, signal 3, reprogramming and the removal of inhibitory mechanisms

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第6期17卷 576-586页

作者： Iñaki Etxeberria Irene Olivera Elixabet bolaños Asunta Cirella Álvaro Teijeira Pedro Berraondo Ignacio Melero Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy Center for Applied Medical Research(CIMA)PamplonaSpain Navarra Institute for Health Research(IDIsNA) PamplonaSpain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer(CIBERONC) MadridSpain Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy Clínica Universidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain

Gene engineering and combinatorial approaches with other cancer immunotherapy agents may confer capabilities enabling full tumor rejection by adoptive T cell therapy(ACT).The provision of proper costimulatory receptor activity and cytokine stimuli,along with the repression of inhibitory mechanisms,will conceivably make the most of these treatment *** this sense,T cells can be genetically manipulated to become refractory to suppressive mechanisms and exhaustion,last longer and differentiate into memory T cells while endowed with the ability to traffic to malignant *** antitumor effects can be dramatically augmented with permanent or transient gene transfer maneuvers to express or delete/repress genes.A combination of such interventions seeks the creation of the ultimate bionic T cell,perfected to seek and destroy cancer cells upon systemic or local intratumor delivery.

关键词： Adoptive cell therapy T cell engineering Cancer immunotherapy

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Effect of Eu3+,Bi3+,and Li+ doping on luminescent property of GdNbO4

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 66-75页

作者： s.W.Wi Y.s.Lee Department of Physics and Integrative Institute of Basic sciences Soongsil University

We investigated the emission properties of Eu3+-doped GdNbO4-based oxide phosphors,aiming at improving the Eu3+emission by codoping of Bi3+and Li+.Eu3+singly doped,Eu3+and Bi3+doubly doped,and Eu3+,Bi3+,and Li+triply doped GdNbO4were prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction *** red-orange emissions from Eu3+in the singly doped samples are significantly improved by the codoping of Bi3+,mainly due to the energy transfer from Bi3+to Eu3+.The additional codoping of Li+is found to increase the Eu3+emission *** improvement might be attributed to the increase in the photoluminescent quantum yield originating from larger grain sizes and better crystallinity.A detailed analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern and the asymmetric ratio estimated from the photoluminescence spectra show that the local lattice environment around Eu3+in GdNbO4does not change significantly with the codoping of Bi3+and Li+.Our results indicate that Li+doping is a promising way to improve the emission properties of rare-earth ion-doped GdNbO4phosphors.

关键词： Eu 3+ GdNbO 4 Codoping of Li + Photoluminescence sensitizer Rare earths

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