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Water Vapor Information from satellite and Its Applications

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第1期41卷 188-189页

作者： b.J.sOHN school of Earth and Environmental sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Water vapor is a critical component of the hydrological cycle because it plays a vital role in transporting water from one part of the cycle to *** vapor evaporated from surfaces such as oceans,lakes,and rivers conden... 详细信息

关键词： motion oceans lakes

soils in extraterrestrial space: Need for studies under microgravity

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 13-14页

作者： M.b.KIRKHAM Department of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattan KS 66506USA

With the increased interest of plants in space, gravity cannot be ignored when studying soil-plant-water relations. Therefore, it is important to understand the water relations of soils under zero gravity in space or under reduced gravity on the Moon or Mars. This paper outlines the problems of moving water in soils under zero gravity or microgravity, as well as growing plants in these soils. It is suggested that microgravity experiments could be done on Earth using both soils and plants. Results from such experiments could be used to grow plants when mankind establishes bases on the Moon and Mars.

关键词： soils soil bases

Neutrophils in Atlantic salmon(salmo salar L.)are MHC class II^(+)and secret IL-12p40 upon bacterial exposure

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第2期9卷 144-153页

作者： Gyri Teien Haugland Anita Rønneseth Lene Gundersen Harald sæbøLunde Kaja Nordland Heidrun Inger Wergeland Department of biological sciences Bergen High-Technology CentreUniversity of BergenBergen5020Norway

Antigen-presentation via major histocompatibility complex(MHC)to T cells is the key event to initiate adaptive immune *** teleosts,as in mammals,the main types of professional antigen-presenting cells(APCs)are dendritic cells(DCs),monocytes/macrophages,and b *** the current study,flow cytometry,immunostaining and qPCR have been used to show that neutrophils in the teleost fish Atlantic salmon(salmo salar L.)have antigen-presenting *** neutrophils were positive for MHC class II,CD83 and CD80/86,and upon in vitro bacterial exposure,gene expression analysis of purified neutrophils showed that IL-12p40,which is essential for proliferation of naïve T cells,was highly upregulated at both 6 and 24 h post bacterial *** on presence of MHC class II and upregulation of molecules involved in antigen presentation and T cell activation,we suggest that neutrophils in Atlantic salmon have potential to function as professional *** work makes an important basis for further exploring the potential of using neutrophils to develop new,targeted immunoprophylactic measures.

关键词： Granulocytes Antigen presenting cells Major histocompatibility complex T cell activation b cells CD83 CD80/86 MHC classⅡ

Performance and safety Improvement of Induction Motors based on Testing and Evaluation standards

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CEs Transactions on Electrical Machines and systems 2024年第3期8卷 310-318页

作者： Nkosinathi s.Khumalo Ntombizotwa P.Memane Udochukwu b.Akuru Department of Electrical Engineering Tshwane University of TechnologyPretoria 0183South Africa

The induction motor,which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy,has been recognized as the cornerstone of *** rotor of an induction motor can be either a squirrel cage rotor or a wound-type rotor,both existing as magnetless ***-phase squirrel cage induction motors are frequently utilized in industrial drives because they are dependable,have high starting torque,are selfstarting and ***-phase induction motors,on the other hand,are commonly used for small loads such as domestic appliances in form of modest fans,pumps and electric power *** south Africa,there have been reports of fires and explosions resulting in live and property loss because of induction motors that have not been thoroughly tested or are incorrectly labelled in terms of ratings,electrical safety and *** goal of this study is targeted at preventing end-user injuries and failures caused by non-compliant induction motors,by evaluating locally manufactured/imported induction motors based on tests and evaluation from standards(IEC and sANs).The study is conducted using experimental procedures at the Explosion Prevention Technology and Rotating Machines(EPT and RM)laboratory,south African bureau of standards(sAbs),south *** main finding from the study shows differences in the nameplate characteristics of various induction motors which could have detrimental effects such as production and operational downtime in their end-use industries,at later stages.

关键词： Compliance Induction motors International Electro-Technical standards(IEC) Nameplate Experimental tests south African National standards(sANs)

CompactChain:an efficient stateless chain for UTXO-model blockchain

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Frontiers of Computer science 2024年第2期18卷 167-179页

作者： b swaroopa REDDY T Uday Kiran REDDY Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology HyderabadHyderabadTelangana 502285India

In this work,we propose a stateless blockchain called CompactChain,which compacts the entire state of the UTXO(Unspent Transaction Output)based blockchain systems into two RsA *** first accumulator is called Transaction Output(TXO)commitment which represents the TXO *** second one is called spent Transaction Output(sTXO)commitment which represents the sTXO *** this work,we discuss three algorithms:(i)To update the TXO and sTXO commitments by the *** miner also provides the proofs for the correctness of the updated commitments;(ii)To prove the transaction’s validity by providing a membership witness in TXO commitment and non-membership witness against sTXO commitment for a coin being spent by a user;(iii)To update the witness for the coin that is not yet spent;The experimental results evaluate the performance of the CompactChain in terms of time taken by a miner to update the commitments and time taken by a validator to verify the commitments and validate the *** compare the performance of CompactChain with the existing state-of-the-art works on stateless *** shows a reduction in commitments update complexity and transaction witness size which inturn reduces the mempool size and propagation latency without compromising the system throughput(Transactions per second(TPs)).

关键词： stateless blockchain RsA Accumulator sTXO commitment TXO commitment UTXO Non-interactive Proof of Exponentiation(NI-PoE) Transactions per second(TPs)

Closing the Experiment-Modeling-Perturbation Loop in Whole-brain Neuroscience

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Neuroscience bulletin 2024年第8期40卷 1212-1214页

作者： Misha b.Ahrens Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnVAUSA

Understanding the mechanisms by which the central nervous system processes information,forms memories,makes decisions,and executes actions is a challenging *** is an interdisciplinary field in which cell biology,anatomy,network theory,and other scientific disciplines come together to jointly push our knowledge of brain function forward.

关键词： execute knowledge jointly

The magnetosheath at high spectral resolution

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 234-246页

作者： K.D.Küntz D.Koutroumpa W.R.Dunn A.Foster F.s.Porter D.G.sibeck b.Walsh The Henry A.Rowland Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University3701 San Martin DriveBaltimoreMD21218USA NAsA Goddard space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt RoadGreenbeltMD 20771USA LATMOs-OVsQ CNRSUVSQ Paris-SaclaySorbonne Université11 Boulevard d’Alembert78280GuyancourtFrance Department of Physics and Astronomy University College LondonLondonUK The Centre for Planetary science at UCL/birkbeck Gower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK Center for Astrophysics Harvard University&Smithsonian Institution60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA Center for space Physics Boston University110 Cummington MallBostonMAUSA

While we eagerly anticipate sMILE’s(solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)unprecedented X-ray observations of the Earth’s magnetosheath and the initiation of a new era of magnetospheric research,it seems appropriate to look ahead to the abilities of the next generation of astrophysics *** these,the Line Emission Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter based mission,is currently planned to be able to observe the magnetosheath at high spectral resolution(~2 eV).With a field of view of~30′,LEM will allow higher spatial resolution and higher cadence measurement of the motion of a very small portion of the magnetopause over relatively short periods of time(multiple hours),complementing sMILE’s global ***’s strength is its spectral *** will be able to measure the abundance of a broad range of elements and ionization states,many of which are inaccessible to current in situ instruments,and will be able to separate the emission from the magnetosheath from the emission from the cosmic X-ray background using the difference in their relative velocities.

关键词： magnetosheath charge exchange solar wind abundances

Effect of Eu3+,bi3+,and Li+ doping on luminescent property of GdNbO4

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 66-75页

作者： s.W.Wi Y.s.Lee Department of Physics and Integrative Institute of basic sciences Soongsil University

We investigated the emission properties of Eu3+-doped GdNbO4-based oxide phosphors,aiming at improving the Eu3+emission by codoping of bi3+and Li+.Eu3+singly doped,Eu3+and bi3+doubly doped,and Eu3+,bi3+,and Li+triply doped GdNbO4were prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction *** red-orange emissions from Eu3+in the singly doped samples are significantly improved by the codoping of bi3+,mainly due to the energy transfer from bi3+to Eu3+.The additional codoping of Li+is found to increase the Eu3+emission *** improvement might be attributed to the increase in the photoluminescent quantum yield originating from larger grain sizes and better crystallinity.A detailed analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern and the asymmetric ratio estimated from the photoluminescence spectra show that the local lattice environment around Eu3+in GdNbO4does not change significantly with the codoping of bi3+and Li+.Our results indicate that Li+doping is a promising way to improve the emission properties of rare-earth ion-doped GdNbO4phosphors.

关键词： Eu3+ GdNbO4 Codoping of Li+ Photoluminescence sensitizer Rare earths

Antibacterial HA-coatings on bioresorbable Mg alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1965-1985页

作者： K.V.Nadaraia D.V.Mashtalyar M.A.Piatkova A.I.Pleshkova I.M.Imshinetskiy M.s.Gerasimenko E.A.belov V.V.Kumeiko D.N.Kozyrev K.A.Fomenko V.V.Mostovaya b.R.Torpanov A.R.biktimirov I.s.Osmushko s.L.sinebryukhov s.V.Gnedenkov Institute of Chemistry FEb RAs 159 Pr.100-letiya VladivostokaVladivostok 690022Russia Far Eastern Federal University 10 Ajax BayRussky IslandVladivostok 690922Russia A.V.Zhirmunsky National scientific Center of Marine biology FEb RAs 17 St.PalchevskogoVladivostok 690041Russia Regional Clinical Dermatovenerological Dispensary 18 V St.GamarnikaVladivostok 690033Russia NMIC“Treatment and Rehabilitation Center” 3 Ivankovskoe highwayMoscow 125367Russia

In this study,a calcium-phosphate coating was formed on a Mg-Mn-Ce alloy by the plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO).The antibiotic vancomycin,widely used in the treatment of infections caused by staphylococcus aureus(***),was impregnated into the *** with vancomycin showed high bactericidal activity against *** mechanical and electrochemical properties of the formed coatings were studied,as well as in vitro cytotoxicity tests and in vivo tests on mature male rats were *** to sEM,EDs,XRD and XPs data,coatings had a developed morphology and contained hydroxyapatite,which indicates high *** analysis of roughness of coatings without and with vancomycin did not reveal any differences,confirming the high roughness of the *** electrochemical tests,an increase in corrosion resistance by more than two times after the application of PEO coatings was *** to the results of an in vivo study,after 28 days of the implantation of samples with calcium phosphate PEO coating and vancomycin,no signs of inflammation were observed,while an inflammatory reaction developed in the area of implantation of bare alloy,followed by *** release tests from the coatings show a sharp decrease in the concentration of the released antibiotic on day 7 and then a gradual decrease until day *** the experiment,no significant deviations in the condition and behavior of the animals were observed;clinical tests did not reveal a systemic toxic reaction.

关键词： bioactive coatings biocompatibility Mg alloy Plasma electrolytic oxidation Hydroxyapatite Vancomycin