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blockade of Rho-associated kinase prevents inhibition of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves induced by anti-ganglioside antibodies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 895-899页

作者： Andrés berardo Cristian R.bacaglio bárbara b.báez Rubén sambuelli Kazim A.sheikh Pablo H.H.Lopez Laboratorio de Neurobiología Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra(INIMEC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Departamento de Química biológica-Centro de Investigaciones en Química biológica de Córdoba(CIQUIbIC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET) Facultad de Cs.QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba servicio de Anatomía Patológica Clínica Universitaria Reina FabiolaUniversidad Católica de Córdoba Department of Neurology University of Texas Medical School at Houston

Anti-ganglioside antibodies are associated with delayed/poor clinical recovery in Guillain-barrèsyndrome,mostly related to halted axon ***-linking of cell surface gangliosides by anti-ganglioside antibodies triggers inhibition of nerve repair in in vitro and in vivo paradigms of axon *** effects involve the activation of the small GTPase Rho A/ROCK signaling pathways,which negatively modulate growth cone cytoskeleton,similarly to well stablished inhibitors of axon regeneration described so *** aim of this work was to perform a proof of concept study to demonstrate the effectiveness of y-27632,a selective pharmacological inhibitor of ROCK,in a mouse model of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves,where the passive immunization with a monoclonal antibody targeting gangliosides GD1a and GT1b was previously reported to exert a potent inhibitory effect on regeneration of both myelinated and unmyelinated *** results demonstrate a differential sensitivity of myelinated and unmyelinated axons to the pro-regenerative effect of *** with a total dosage of 9 mg/kg of y-27632 resulted in a complete prevention of anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody-mediated inhibition of axon regeneration of unmyelinated fibers to skin and the functional recovery of mechanical cutaneous *** contrast,the same dose showed toxic effects on the regeneration of myelinated ***,scale down of the dosage of y-27632 to 5 mg/kg resulted in a significant although not complete recovery of regenerated myelinated axons exposed to anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody in the absence of toxicity in animals exposed to only ***,these findings confirm the in vivo participation of Rho A/ROCK signaling pathways in the molecular mechanisms associated with the inhibition of axon regeneration induced by anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal *** findings open the possibility of therapeutic pharmacological intervention targeting Rho A/R

关键词： anti-ganglioside antibodies anti-glycan antibodies axon regeneration ganglioside Guillain-barrésyndrome nerve repair ROCK y-27632

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Inflammatory Factor IL1αInduces Aberrant Astrocyte Proliferation in spinal Cord Injury Through the Grin2c/Ca^(2+)/CaMK2b Pathway

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Neuroscience bulletin 2024年第4期40卷 421-438页

作者： yu Xia Lu Ding Changlin Zhang Qi Xu Ming shi Tianshun Gao Feng-Quan Zhou David y.b.Deng scientific Research Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China Department of Gynecology The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China Pelvic Floor Disorders Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China big Data Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China sir Run Run shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310016China Orthopaedic and Neurological Repair Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China

spinal cord injury(sCI)is one of the most devastating traumas,and the aberrant proliferation of astrocytes usually causes neurological ***,the mechanism underlying astrocyte over-proliferation after sCI is ***2c(glutamate ionotropic receptor type 2c)plays an essential role in cell *** bioinformatic analysis indicated that Grin2c and Ca^(2+)transport functions were inhibited in astrocytes after *** of Grin2c stimulated astrocyte proliferation by inhibiting the Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2b(CaMK2b)pathway in *** screening different inflammatory factors,interleukin 1α(IL1α)was further found to inhibit Grin2c/Ca^(2+)/CaMK2b and enhance astrocyte proliferation in an oxidative damage *** of IL1αusing neutralizing antibody resulted in increased Grin2c expression and the inhibition of astrocyte proliferation ***,this study suggests that IL1αpromotes astrocyte proliferation by suppressing the Grin2c/Ca^(2+)/CaMK2b pathway after sCI,revealing a novel pathological mechanism of astrocyte proliferation,and may provide potential targets for sCI repair.

关键词： IL1α Grin2c Astrocyte spinal cord injury

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Clinical features of gastroesophageal reflux disease and erosive esophagitis:Insights from patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy in resource-limited Ethiopia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第34期30卷 3883-3893页

作者： Firehiwot A Mengistie Abate b shewaye Abel T Tasamma Zekarias s Ayalew Department of Internal Medicine Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Internal Medicine Rheum Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Specialty ClinicAddis Ababa 1000Addis AbabaEthiopia Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineAdera Medical and Surgical CenterAddis Ababa 1000Addis AbabaEthiopia

bACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is a common disease worldwide with varying clinical presentations and risk *** data for Africa is lacking,but an increasing trend is expected due to demographic and epidemiological *** endoscopic studies for general gastrointestinal disorders have shown some patients with erosive esophagitis(EE),no studies in Ethiopia have investigated the clinical characteristics,risk factors,and severity of GERD using esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD).AIM To assess the clinical features of GERD in Ethiopian patients who underwent EGD and determine the severity and risk factors of *** We conducted a multicenter,retrospective cross-sectional study of 221 patients diagnosed with GERD and endoscopic findings of EE at Trauma Associated severe Hemorrhage and Amniotic Membrane stem Cell between January 2019 and August *** were collected from electronic medical records and phone call *** used descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis with sPss version 26 to identify the association between variables with a statistical significance set at P valuesD age of the patients was 44.8(±15.9)years,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.6:*** most commonly reported symptom was epigastric pain(80.5%),followed by heartburn(43%).Los Angeles(LA)-A EE was diagnosed in 71.1%of patients,followed by LA-b(14.9%),LA-C(7.7%),and LA-D(5.9%).Multivariate analysis showed that age 50 or above,presence of bleeding,and endoscopic findings of duodenitis/duodenopathy were significantly associated with severe EE(Pstricture and barrett’s esophagus were observed in 4.5%and 1.36%of patients with EE,*** Most of the patients had milder EE with fewer ***,severe EE was more prevalent in older patients and those with duodenitis/duodenopathy.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Erosive esophagitis Hiatal hernia Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Heart burn

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Five-phase synchronous Reluctance Machines Equipped with a Novel Type of Fractional slot Winding

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CEs Transactions on Electrical Machines and systems 2024年第3期8卷 264-273页

作者： s.M.Taghavi Araghi A.Kiyoumarsi b.Mirzaeian Dehkordi Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of IsfahanIsfahanIran

Multi-phase machines are so attractive for electrical machine designers because of their valuable advantages such as high reliability and fault tolerant ***,fractional slot concentrated windings(FsCW)are well known because of short end winding length,simple structure,field weakening sufficiency,fault tolerant capability and higher slot fill *** five-phase machines equipped with FsCW,are very good candidates for the purpose of designing motors for high reliable applications,like electric cars,major transporting buses,high speed trains and massive ***,in comparison to the general distributed windings,the FsCWs contain high magnetomotive force(MMF)space harmonic contents,which cause unwanted effects on the machine ability,such as localized iron saturation and core *** manuscript introduces several new five-phase fractional slot winding layouts,by the means of slot shifting concept in order to design the new types of synchronous reluctance motors(synRels).In order to examine the proposed winding’s performances,three sample machines are designed as case studies,and analytical study and finite element analysis(FEA)is used for validation.

关键词： Finite element analysis Five-phase machine Fractional slot concentrated winding(FsCW) Machine slot/pole combination MMF harmonics synchronous reluctance machine Winding factor

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Rare earth-doped mixed Ni-Cu-Zn ferrites as an effective photocatalytic agent for active degradation of Rhodamine b dye

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 488-496,I0003页

作者： swapnil A.Jadhav sandeep b.somvanshi sudarshan s.Gawali Kranti Zakde K.M.Jadhav Department of Physics Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada UniversityAurangabad431004MaharashtraIndia school of Materials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette 47906USA University Department of basic and Applied sciences MGM UniversityAurangabad431003MaharashtraIndia

In this study, a series of Gd^(3+)-doped mixed Ni-Cu-Zn ferrites with composition of Zn_(0.5)Ni_(0.3)Cu_(0.2)Fe_(2-x)Gd_(x)O_(4)(x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) was prepared using self-ignition sol-gel method. The prepared nanoparticles with an average size ranging from 22 to 26 nm show a single-phase cubic structure belonging to the spinel matrix. A rise in the Gd^(3+)concentration leads to an increase in crystallite size and lattice parameter. In Fourier transform infrared spectra, two main absorption bands belonging to the spinel structure are observed. The high-frequency bands(v_(1)) represent the tetrahedral complex, while the lowfrequency bands(v_(2)) signify the octahedral complex. The optical bandgap of the nanoferrites is found within the range of 2.91 to 2.41 eV, depending on their size. The magnetic characteristics of the material,such as saturation magnetization and coercivity are significantly altered with the concentration of Gd^(3+)in the solution. Using Rhodamine b(Rhb) as a model organic pollutant, an in-depth investigation of the photocatalytic activity of the compounds was carried out. The present outcomes show that adding an adequate amount of Gd^(3+)significantly enhances the number of hydroxyl radicals produced by the ferrite,in turn, increasing the photocatalytic activity of the material. Mechanism elucidated by scavenger studies reveals that ·OH and holes are the primary reactive radicals responsible for the degradation *** photocatalysts show an insignificant performance loss in five consecutive cycles. Thus, it is concluded that these photocatalysts are highly suitable for the remediation of dye-contaminated wastewater.

关键词： Gd^(3+)substitution spinel ferrite structural properties Magnetic properties Photocatalysis Rare earths

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Metrology for sub-Rayleigh-length target positioning in~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser-plasma experiments

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High Power Laser science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 90-105页

作者： E.A.Vishnyakov A.sagisaka K.Ogura T.Zh.Esirkepov b.Gonzalez-Izquierdo C.D.Armstrong T.A.Pikuz s.A.Pikuz W.yan T.M.Jeong s.singh P.Hadjisolomou O.Finke G.M.Grittani M.Nevrkla C.M.Lazzarini A.Velyhan T.Hayakawa y.Fukuda J.K.Koga M.Ishino K.Kondo y.Miyasaka A.Kon M.Nishikino y.V.Nosach D.Khikhlukha I.P.Tsygvintsev D.Kumar J.Nejdl D.Margarone P.V.sasorov s.Weber M.Kando H.Kiriyama y.Kato G.Korn K.Kondo s.V.bulanov T.Kawachi A.s.Pirozhkov ELI beamlines Facility The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolníBrežanyCzech Republic Kansai Institute for Photon science(KPsI) QSTKyotoJapan Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFCHarwell OxfordDidcotUK Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Hb11 Energy Holdings FreshwaterAustralia Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(Ministry of Education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of IFsA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Plasma Physics AsCR PragueCzech Republic FZU-Institute of Physics AsCR PragueCzech Republic Czech Technical University in Prague FNSPEPragueCzech Republic Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Institute of Physics National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine IsTEQ AR YerevanArmenia

Tight focusing with very small f-numbers is necessary to achieve the highest at-focus ***,tight focusing imposes strong demands on precise target positioning in-focus to achieve the highest on-target irradiance We describe several near-infrared,visible,ultraviolet and soft and hard X-ray diagnostics employed in a~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser±plasma *** used nearly 10 J total energy femtosecond laser pulses focused into an approximately1.3-μm focal spot on 5±20μm thick stainless-steel *** discuss the applicability of these diagnostics to determine the best in-focus target position with approximately 5μm accuracy(i.e.,around half of the short Rayleigh length)and show that several diagnostics(in particular,3ωreflection and on-axis hard X-rays)can ensure this *** demonstrated target positioning within several micrometers from the focus,ensuring over 80%of the ideal peak laser intensity *** approach is relatively fast(it requires 10±20 laser shots)and does not rely on the coincidence of low-power and high-power focal planes.

关键词： laser-plasma interaction precise target positioning spectroscopy ultra-high intensity X-rays

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On b(5,20)2-Groups

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Algebra Colloquium 2024年第3期31卷 429-440页

作者： E.A.Alhassan y.L.Tan y.Li school of Mathematical sciences Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu 212013China Department of Mathematics Brock UniversitySt.CatharinesOntario L2S 3A1Canada

A finite group G is said to be a b(n,k)group if for any n-element subset[a_(1),…,a_(n)]of G,|{a_(i)a_(j)|1≤i,j≤n}|≤*** is of interest to characterize the structure of b(n,k)groups for n(n+1)/2≤k≤n^(2)-*** b(5,k)groups for 15≤k≤19 have been investigated by several *** this paper,we give a complete characterization of b(5,20)2-groups by showing there are five classes of such groups which are nontrivial and nonabelian.

关键词： b(n,k)groups small squaring property central extension GAP

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A perspective on age-related changes in cell environment and risk of neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 719-720页

作者： Alice y.Liu Department of Cell biology and Neuroscience Rutgers State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJUSA

“Age-related neurodegenerative disease”underscores human age as the primary risk factor for disease development:Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s,and Huntington’s disease(HD)as *** for the age-dependent delay in disease manifestation,in particular for autosomal dominant forms of the disease,and the underlying cause(s)of specific neuron dysfunction and death to manifest as memory loss,anxiety,depression,and agitation in disease subjects remain *** are interested in understanding age-related changes in cell environment that can modulate the structure,function,aggregation.

关键词： Huntington Alzheimer death

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Greatly enhanced corrosion/wear resistances of epoxy coating for Mg alloy through a synergistic effect between functionalized graphene and insulated blocking layer

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 332-344页

作者： Z.y.Xue X.J.Li J.H.Chu M.M.Li D.N.Zou L.b.Tong school of Metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China state Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle body Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

The poor corrosion and wear resistances of Mg alloys seriously limit their potential applications in various *** conventional epoxy coating easily forms many intrinsic defects during the solidification process,which cannot provide sufficient *** the current study,we design a double-layer epoxy composite coating on Mg alloy with enhanced anti-corrosion/wear properties,via the spin-assisted assembly *** outer layer is functionalized graphene(FG)in waterborne epoxy resin(WEP)and the inner layer is Ce-based conversion(Ce)*** FG sheets can be homogeneously dispersed within the epoxy matrix to fill the intrinsic defects and improve the barrier *** Ce film connects the outer layer with the substrate,showing the transition *** corrosion rate of Ce/WEP/FG composite coating is 2131 times lower than that of bare Mg alloy,and the wear rate is decreased by~90%.The improved corrosion resistance is attributed to the labyrinth effect(hindering the penetration of corrosive medium)and the obstruction of galvanic coupling *** synergistic effect derived from the FG sheet and blocking layer exhibits great potential in realizing the improvement of multi-functional integration,which will open up a new avenue for the development of novel composite protection coatings of Mg alloys.

关键词： Mg alloy Functionalized graphene Epoxy coating Corrosion/wear resistance blocking layer

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Performance and safety Improvement of Induction Motors based on Testing and Evaluation standards

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CEs Transactions on Electrical Machines and systems 2024年第3期8卷 310-318页

作者： Nkosinathi s.Khumalo Ntombizotwa P.Memane Udochukwu b.Akuru Department of Electrical Engineering Tshwane University of TechnologyPretoria 0183South Africa

The induction motor,which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy,has been recognized as the cornerstone of *** rotor of an induction motor can be either a squirrel cage rotor or a wound-type rotor,both existing as magnetless ***-phase squirrel cage induction motors are frequently utilized in industrial drives because they are dependable,have high starting torque,are selfstarting and ***-phase induction motors,on the other hand,are commonly used for small loads such as domestic appliances in form of modest fans,pumps and electric power *** south Africa,there have been reports of fires and explosions resulting in live and property loss because of induction motors that have not been thoroughly tested or are incorrectly labelled in terms of ratings,electrical safety and *** goal of this study is targeted at preventing end-user injuries and failures caused by non-compliant induction motors,by evaluating locally manufactured/imported induction motors based on tests and evaluation from standards(IEC and sANs).The study is conducted using experimental procedures at the Explosion Prevention Technology and Rotating Machines(EPT and RM)laboratory,south African bureau of standards(sAbs),south *** main finding from the study shows differences in the nameplate characteristics of various induction motors which could have detrimental effects such as production and operational downtime in their end-use industries,at later stages.

关键词： Compliance Induction motors International Electro-Technical standards(IEC) Nameplate Experimental tests south African National standards(sANs)

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