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Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

World Journal of Pediatric surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip J Hsu sangchul Yoon Kee b Park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Department of Global Health and social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Medical Humanitiesand social sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

background sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the majority of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in *** Korea(Democratic People's Republic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of publicly available ***,we analyzed available modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatable with surgery in *** We used World bank data and models from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(ages).We compared mortality of disease between DPRK and countries with similar economic *** between 1990 and 2019,the number of overall pediatric deaths has *** 2019,32.2%of allpediatric deaths in DPRK were caused by surgical *** leading categories of surgical conditions were injuries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumors(8.8%),and abdominal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths compared with other LMICs with similar gross domestic product per ***,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatment with *** injuries contribute significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in *** Although DPRK may be allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may benefit from improvement in pediatric surgical *** availability of data and close international collaboration could be potential solutions to bridge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical injuries

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The role of extracorporeal life support and timing of repair in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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World Journal of Pediatric surgery 2024年第2期7卷 90-99页

作者： Daniel b Gehle Logan C Meyer Tim Jancelewicz Le bonheur Children's Hospital University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA

Extracorporeal life support(ECLs)serves as a rescue therapy for patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)and severe cardiopulmonary failure,and only half of these patients survive to *** costly intervention has a significant complication risk and is reserved for patients with the most severe disease physiology refractory to maximal cardiopulmonary *** contraindications to ECLs do exist such as coagulopathy,lethal chromosomal or congenital anomaly,very preterm birth,or very low birth weight,but many of these limits are being evaluated through further *** guidelines from the past decade vary in recommendations for ECLs use in patients with CDH but this therapy appears to have a survival benefit in the most severe subset of *** outcomes have been observed for patients treated at high-volume *** review details the evolving literature surrounding management paradigms for timing of CDH repair for patients receiving preoperative *** recent data support early repair following cannulation to avoid non-repair which is uniformly fatal in this *** ECLs runs are associated with decreased survival,and patient physiology should guide ECLs weaning and eventual decannulation rather than limiting patients to arbitrary run *** of care across centers is a major focus to limit unnecessary costs and improve short-term and long-term outcomes for these complex patients.

关键词： congenital life repair

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biopolymer stabilization of clayey soil

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2801-2812页

作者： Mahdieh Azimi Amin soltani Mehdi Mirzababaei Mark b.Jaksa Nanjappa Ashwath College of Engineering and Aviation School of Engineering and TechnologyCQUniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Institute of Innovation Science and Sustainabilityand Future Regions Research CenterFederation UniversityChurchillVIC 3842Australia Department of Infrastructure Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia school of Architecture and Civil Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia school of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCQUniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia

This study investigates the efficacy of sodium alginate(sA),xanthan gum(XG),guar gum(GG)and chitosan(Cs)d each applied at five different solid biopolymer-to-water mass ratios(or dosages)and cured for 7 d and 28 d d on the unconfined compressive strength(UCs)performance of a high plasticity clayey ***,on identifying the optimum biopolymer-treatment scenarios,their performance was compared against conventional stabilization using hydrated *** a given curing time,the UCs for all biopolymers followed a riseefall trend with increasing biopolymer dosage,peaking at an optimum dosage and then subsequently decreasing,such that all biopolymer-stabilized samples mobilized higher UCs values compared to the unamended *** optimum dosage was found to be 1.5%for sA,XG and Cs,while a notably lower dosage of 0.5%was deemed optimum for ***,for a given biopolymer type and dosage,increasing the curing time from 7 d to 28 d further enhanced the UCs,with the achieved improvements being generally more pronounced for XG-and Cs-treated *** of the investigated biopolymers was able to produce UCs improvements equivalent to those obtained by the 28-d soilelime samples;however,the optimum XG,GG and Cs dosages,particularly after 28 d of curing,were easily able to replicate 7-d lime stabilization outcomes achieved with as high as twice the soil’s lime ***,the fundamental principles of clay chemistry,in conjunction with the soil mechanics framework,were employed to identify and discuss the clayebiopolymer stabilization mechanisms.

关键词： soil stabilization High plasticity clay biopolymer dosage Hydrated lime Curing time Unconfined compressive strength(UCs)

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Direct-seeded Rice: Genetic Improvement of Game-Changing Traits for better Adaption

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Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 417-433页

作者： Priyanka NEGI Jagadish RANE Rajendra sadashiv WAGH Tukaram Jayaram bHOR Dipti Digambar GODsE Priyanka JADHAV C.ANILKUMAR Dasari sREEKANTH K.sAMMI REDDY sharad Ramrao GADAKH K.M.bORAIH C.b.HARIsHA P.s.bAsAVARAJ Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-National Institute of Abiotic stress Management Baramati 413115India Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri 413722India ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture Bikaner 334006India ICAR-National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 753006India ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research Jabalpur 482004India Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola 444104India

The sustainability of rice production continues to be a subject of uncertainty and inquiry attributed to shifts in climatic conditions. In light of the impending climate change crisis and the high labor and water costs accompanying it, direct-seeded rice(DsR) is unquestionably one of the most practical solutions. Despite its resource and climate-friendly advantages, early maturing rice faces weed competitiveness and seedling establishment challenges. Resolving these issues is crucial for promoting its wider adoption among farmers, presenting it as a more effective sustainable rice cultivation method globally. Diverse traditional and contemporary breeding methods are employed to mitigate the limitations of the DsR approach, leveraging advanced techniques such as speed breeding and genome editing. Focusing on key traits like mesocotyl length elongation, early seedling vigor, root system architecture, and weed competitiveness holds promise for transformative improvements in DsR adaptation at a broader scale within farming communities. This review aims to summarize how these features contribute to increased crop production in DsR conditions and explore the research efforts focusing on enhancing DsR adaptation through these traits. Emphasizing the pivotal role of these game-changing traits in DsR adaptation, our analysis sheds light on their potential transformative impact and offers valuable insights for advancing DsR practices.

关键词： climate change direct-seeded rice aerobic rice early vigor trait

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PERIODIC sYsTEMs WITH TIME DEPENDENT MAXIMAL MONOTONE OPERATORs

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Acta Mathematica scientia 2024年第4期44卷 1280-1300页

作者： Zhenhai LIU Nikolaos s.PAPAGEORGIOU Center for Applied Mathematics of Guangri Yulin Normal UniversityYulin 537000China Guangri Key Laboratory of Universities Optimization Control and Engineering Calculation College of Mathematics and PhysicsGuangri Minzu UniversityNanning 530006China Department of Mathematics National Technical UniversityZografou Campus15780 AthensGreece

We consider a first order periodic system in R^(N),involving a time dependent maximal monotone operator which need not have a full domain and a multivalued *** prove the existence theorems for both the convex and nonconvex *** also show the existence of extremal periodic solutions and provide a strong relaxation ***,we provide an application to nonlinear periodic control systems.

关键词： periodic boundary condition time-dependent maximal monotone operator convex and nonconvex problems extremal solutions strong relaxation

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Functional Capacity of Patients with Venous Thromboembolic Disease six to Twelve Months after Treatment

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 88-98页

作者： Hamadou bâ Chris-Nadège Nganou-Gnindjio Alexis Noé s. Guiakam Kemnang Yemele Honore Danwe Dieudonné Guy s. Wafeu Faculty of Medicine and biomedical sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Cardiology Department Yaoundé Central Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Centre for Research on Filariasis and Other Tropical Diseases Yaoundé Cameroon

background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is among the leading causes of hospital-related disability-adjusted life years lost. We aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of functional capacity impairment six to twelve months after an acute VTE event. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January and April 2021 in two referral hospitals of Yaoundé, including consenting adult patients admitted to these hospitals six to twelve months ago for VTE. We excluded dead patients and those with any comorbidity or symptoms limiting physical activity. The functional outcome was assessed with the six-minute walk test. Functional capacity impairment was defined as walking distance lower than the expected value. Results: We included 27 cases in this study with a mean age of 53.2 ± 14.4 years. The prevalence of functional capacity impairment was 29.6% (95% CI: 14.8 - 48.1). Factors associated with poor functional outcome were obesity (OR: 59.5;95% CI: 4.6 - 767.2;p - 207.4;p = 0.017), massive PE (OR: 30;95% CI: 2.5 - 354;p = 0.004), and poor adherence to treatment (OR: 30.3;95% CI: 2.5 - 333.3;p = 0.004). Conclusion: Functional capacity impairment is common in the medium-term after VTE and factors associated with this poor outcome are obesity, the severity of the VTE, and poor adherence to treatment.

关键词： Functional Capacity Venous Thromboembolism six-Minute Walk Test Cameroon

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Prompt neutron emission in ^(250)No spontaneous fission associated with ground and isomeric state decays

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 112-117页

作者： R.s.Mukhin A.V.Isaev A.V.Andreev M.L.Chelnokov V.I.Chepigin H.M.Devaraja I.N.Izosimov A.A.Kuznetsova O.N.Malyshev A.G.Popeko Yu.A.Popov A.Rahmatinejad b.sailaubekov T.M.shneidman E.A.sokol A.I.svirikhin M.s.Tezekbayeva M.A.bychkov A.V.Yeremin O.Dorvaux b.Gall K.Kessaci K.Hauschild A.Lopez-Martens Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna141980Russia Dubna state University Dubna141982Russia Institute of Nuclear Physics Almaty050032Kazakhstan L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University Astana010008Kazakhstan Kazan Federal University Kazan420008Russia Universitéde strasbourg CNRSStrasbourg67000France IJCLab IN2P3-CNRSUniversitéParis-SaclayOrsay91400France

The complete-fusion reaction^(204)Pb(^(48)Ca,2n)^(250)No was used to study two activities of^(250)No with distinct half-lives.A total of 1357 events were observed in the sFiNx neutron detection *** average number of neutrons emitted per spontaneous fission of^(250)No was determined to be(4.1±0.1).The unusually symmetrical shape of the prompt neutron multiplicity distribution was restored and presented for the first *** tests were performed to compare the prompt neutron multiplicity distributions associated with the ground state and K-isomer state decays.

关键词： spontaneous fission prompt neutrons actinide

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smart mid-infrared metasurface microspectrometer gas sensing system

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 273-281页

作者： Jiajun Meng sivacarendran balendhran Ylias sabri suresh K.bhargava Kenneth b.Crozier school of Physics University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Australian Research Council(ARC)Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical systems(TMOs) University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Centre for Advanced Materials&Industrial Chemistry(CAMIC) STEM collegeRMIT UniversityVictoriaAustralia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia

smart,low-cost and portable gas sensors are highly desired due to the importance of air quality monitoring for environmental and defense-related ***,electrochemical and nondispersive infrared(IR)gas sensors are designed to detect a single specific *** IR spectroscopy-based sensors provide superior performance,their deployment is limited due to their large size and high *** this study,a smart,low-cost,multigas sensing system is demonstrated consisting of a mid-infrared microspectrometer and a machine learning *** microspectrometer is a metasurface filter array integrated with a commercial IR camera that is consumable-free,compact(~1 cm^(3))and lightweight(~1 g).The machine learning algorithm is trained to analyze the data from the microspectrometer and predict the gases *** system detects the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100%with 100%*** also detects hazardous gases at low concentrations with an accuracy of 98.4%.Ammonia can be detected at a concentration of 100 ***,methyl-ethyl-ketone can be detected at its permissible exposure limit(200 ppm);this concentration is considered low and *** study demonstrates the viability of using machine learning with IR spectroscopy to provide a smart and low-cost multigas sensing platform.

关键词： smart gases system

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A tribo-chemical view on astringency of plant-based food substances

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Friction 2024年第7期12卷 1392-1407页

作者： samuel s.GAMANIEL Paloma s.DUEÑAs RObLEs Hans TROMP Els H.A.de HOOG sissi de bEER Emile van der HEIDE Laboratory for surface Technology and Tribology Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede 7522 LWthe Netherlands NIZO Food Research b.V. Ede6710 BAthe Netherlands Department of Molecules and Materials MEsA+Institute for Nanotechnology University of TwenteEnschede 7500 AEthe Netherlands

Consumption of plant-based food products having high composition of polyphenols leads to the sensation of *** sliding oral surfaces,friction is an essential property during the oral perception of roughness and dryness which are attributes associated with *** factors including the chemical composition of interacting layers,structure and operation of interfaces have an effect on the astringency development *** manner of interactions occurring at oral interfaces suggest there is a system dependence of astringency and highlights the importance of adopting a tribosystems *** measurement techniques have shown an existing relationship between salivary protein-polyphenol interaction and an astringent ***,the tribo-chemistry involved in this multifaceted sensation remains largely unexplored in a comprehensive *** this review the underlying tribo-chemical processes useful in understanding the mechanism of astringency are highlighted and discussed considering current techniques employed to investigate astringency *** of lubrication on oral surfaces owing to the tribo-chemical interactions involving saliva and astringent plant proteins requires subsequent deformations of oral tissues which are significant enough to induce strains at mechanoreceptor locations,leading to the sensation of *** is proposed that micro-scale contact modelling on the interaction of food particles/aggregates,boundary layers and oral surfaces shows potential in addressing the knowledge gap between tribo-chemical measurement techniques and panel tests,making it possible to attain a predictor for astringency.

关键词： oral lubrication astringency tribo-chemistry tribology

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基于氯化胆碱的低共熔体系在Au上电沉积无枝晶Zn

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals society of China 2024年第7期34卷 2367-2380页

作者： Vesna s.CVETKOVIĆ Nebojša D.NIKOLIĆ Tanja s.bARUDŽIJA silvana b.DIMITRIJEVIĆ Jovan N.JOVIĆEVIĆ Department of Electrochemistry Institute of ChemistryTechnology and MetallurgyUniversity of BelgradeNjegoševa 1211000 BelgradeSerbia Institute for Nuclear sciences Vinča University of BelgradeP.O.Box 52211001 BelgradeSerbia Mining and Metallurgy Institute Zeleni bulevar 3519210 BorSerbia

以氯化胆碱和乙二醇混合液为低共熔溶剂,不使用其他添加剂,电化学沉积无枝晶Zn/Au合金。在不同的Zn(Ⅱ)浓度下,采用恒电位电沉积法在相对较低的Zn电沉积过电位下进行电沉积。通过循环伏安法(CV)和计时安培法(CA)揭示Zn电沉积的电化学机... 详细信息

以氯化胆碱和乙二醇混合液为低共熔溶剂,不使用其他添加剂,电化学沉积无枝晶Zn/Au合金。在不同的Zn(Ⅱ)浓度下,采用恒电位电沉积法在相对较低的Zn电沉积过电位下进行电沉积。通过循环伏安法(CV)和计时安培法(CA)揭示Zn电沉积的电化学机理。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析(XRD)对沉积层的形貌和结构进行表征,并用能谱仪对沉积层进行元素分析。CV结果表明,Zn的电沉积始于Zn欠电位沉积区,并一直持续到Zn过电位沉积(OPD)区。随着Zn(Ⅱ)浓度的增加,Zn/Zn(Ⅱ)电偶的沉积电位向更高的正值偏移。CA分析表明,在Zn的OPD区开始三维渐进形核,随后形成三维生长。形貌分析表明,电沉积始于致密Zn岛的形成,随后形成无枝晶Zn/Au合金。XRD分析表明,其物相为金属Zn、立方AuZn3和Au Zn金属间化合物。

关键词：锌电沉积低共熔溶剂锌金合金形貌结构

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