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Emerging structures.a.d dynamic mechanisms ofγ-secretase for Alzheimer’s dis.a.e

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Neural Regeneration Res.a.ch 2025年第1期20卷 174-180页

作者： Yinglong Miao Michael s.Wolfe Computational Medicine Program and Department of Pharmacology University of North Carolina–Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA

γ-secretase,called“the proteasome of the membrane,”is.a.membrane-embedded protease complex that cleaves 150+peptide substrates with central roles in biology and medicine,including amyloid precursor protein and the Notch family of cell-surface *** inγ-secretase and amyloid precursor protein lead to early-onset familial Alzheimer’s dis.a.e.γ-secretase has thus served as.a.critical drug target for treating familial Alzheimer’s dis.a.e and the more common late-onset Alzheimer’s dis.a.e as ***,critical gaps remain in unders.a.ding the mechanisms of processive proteolysis of substrates,the effects of familial Alzheimer’s dis.a.e mutations.a.d allosteric modulation of substrate cleavage byγ-*** this review,we focus on recent studies of structural dynamic mechanisms ofγ-*** mechanisms,including the“Fit-s.a.-Trim,”“sliding-Unwinding,”and“Tilting-Unwinding,”have been proposed for substrate proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein byγ-secretase based on all-atom molecular dynamics *** an incorrect registry of the Notch1 substrate was identified in the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Notch1-boundγ-secretase,molecular dynamics simulations on a resolved model of Notch1-boundγ-secretase that was reconstructed using the amyloid precursor protein-boundγ-secretase as.a.template successfully capturedγ-secretase activation for proper cleavages of both wildtype and mutant Notch,being consistent with biochemical experimental *** approach could be potentially applied to decipher the processing mechanisms of various substrates byγ-*** addition,controversy over the effects of familial Alzheimer’s dis.a.e mutations,particularly the issue of whether they s.a.ilize or des.a.ilizeγ-secretase-substrate complexes,is ***,an outlook is provided for future studies ofγ-secretase,including pathways of substrate binding and product release,effects of modulators on familial Alzheimer’s dis.a.e mutations

关键词： Alzheimer’s dis.a.e amyloid precursor protein cryo-EM structures drug design intramembrane proteolysis molecular dynamics Notch

Complementary roles of glial cells in generating region-specific neuroinflammatory responses.a.d phagocytosis in Parkinson’s dis.a.e

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Neural Regeneration Res.a.ch 2025年第10期20卷 2917-2918页

作者： Leyre Ayerra Maria s.a.merich Universidad de Navarra Facultad de CienciasDepartamento de Bioquímica y GenéticaPamplonaSpain CiMA-Universidad de Navarra PamplonaSpain idisNA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraPamplonaSpain

Neuroinflammation is.a.sociated with Parkinson’s dis.a.e:Reactive gliosis.a.d neuroinflammation are hallmarks of Parkinson’s dis.a.e(PD),a multisystem neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic *** has long been considered a mere consequence of neuronal loss,but whether it promotes PD or is.a.key player in dis.a.e progression remains to be *** leukocyte antigen.

关键词： inflammation leukocyte generating

Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson’s dis.a.e:an integrative review

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Neural Regeneration Res.a.ch 2025年第1期20卷 82-92页

作者： stiven Roytman Rebecca Paalanen Giulia Carli Uros Marusic Prabesh Kanel Teus van Laar Nico i.Bohnen Department of Radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Morris K.Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Dis.a.e Res.a.ch University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA institute for Kinesiology Res.a.ch Science and Research Centre KoperKoperSlovenia Department of Health sciences Alma Mater Europaea–ECMMariborSlovenia Parkinson’s Foundation Res.a.ch Center of Excellence University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Neurology service and GRECC VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMIUSA

Unders.a.ding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century trans.a.ional neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls.a.d mobility disturbances have on our aging *** and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous *** effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including vis.a.,vestibular,and somatosensory *** mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals.a.e the principal topic of the present *** multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older *** emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes.a.d cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and *** the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,vis.a.,and vestibular modalities.a.ong with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults.a.d patients with Parkinson’s *** also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older ***,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel res.a.ch directions.a.d therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults.a.d patients with neurodegenerative dis.a.es.

关键词： aging balance encephalography functional magnetic resonance imaging gait multisensory integration Parkinson’s dis.a.e positron emission tomography somatosensory vestibular vis.a.

Physical and Dielectric Properties of some Nonionic surfactants

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 1998年第4期14卷 361-367页

作者： El-Anwar, i.M. El-Henawii, s.a. National Res.a.ch Center Dokki Cairo Egypt Faculty of science Helwan University Egypt

Fatty acid esters have been prepared by reacting the acid C//1//8 with polyethylene glycols having varying numbers of oxyethylene units (4-88 units) by the direct esterification reaction method. surface and interfacial tensions were studied at various experimental conditions, including, concentration, temperature and chemical constitution of the surfactant. Critical micelle concentrations (CMC), surface excess.a.d residual area occupied by each surface active agent molecule A have been calculated by using Gibb's equations. CMC values range from 10 to 55 multiplied by 10** minus **5 mole/L for all studied agents, while the residual area occupied by each molecule varies from 0.6 to 1.5 nm**2. Variation of CMC of some of these agents with temperature have been also examined and the obtained data were used to calculate the heat of micellization delta H//m and the entropy change during micellization delta s//m. Values of delta H//m vary from 14.63 kJ/mole to 2.717 kJ/mole depending on the chemical constitution of the agent under consideration. The apparent dipole moments mu of three surfactant were measured following the Headstrand's method. (Edited author abstract) 23 Refs.

关键词： surface active agents

Dielectric Behavior of Modified Cellulose

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 1999年第2期15卷 164-168页

作者： El-Henawii, s.a. s.a., s.M. El-Anwar, i.M. Faculty of science Helwan University Egypt Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University Egypt Physical Chemistry Unit of the N.R.C Egypt

The dielectric cons.a.ts.a.d the dielectric loss, as well as the activation energy of dielectric relaxation of silylated cellulose were measured within the frequency range 10**5 to 10**7 Hz and the temperature range from 10 to 50 degree C. The test samples were activated cellulose with ethylene diamine, with sodium hydroxide and inactivated cellulose before and after silylation. The measurements were carried out using a multi-deka-meter. Cellulose molecules.a.e more activated by treatment with ethylene diamine than with sodium hydroxide. Generally, silylation causes.a.marked decrease of the dielectric cons.a.t and dielectric loss, meanwhile the silylated samples.a.e affected with the pretreatment of linters with sodium hydroxide and ethylene diamine. (Edited author abstract) 28 Refs.

关键词： Cellulose

Coarse to Fine: The Role of severe Plastic Deformation in Advancing Titanium-Based Medical implants - A Comprehensive Review

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials science) 2025年第1期40卷 295-306页

作者： Dragana R Mihajlović Bojan i Međo ivana Lj Cvijović-Alagić Veljko R Djokić Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of BelgradeKarnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia Vinča institute of Nuclear sci-ences-National institute of the Republic of serbia University of Belgrade11001BeogradSerbia innovation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Karnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia

This paper describes severe plastic deformation(sPD)procedures,which are utilized to form an ultrafine-grained structure in metallic *** the sPD process.a.solid material sample is subjected to very high loads without a significant change in sample *** the present work,the high-pressure torsion(HPT)process.a. one of the sPD techniques,which achieves.a.high degree of deformation and ensures refinement of the microstructure,will be discussed in more *** that grain size control is.a.cepted as.a.method to obtain materials with desired characteristics.a. overview of the properties of ultrafine-grained titanium-based biomaterials to be used in medicine is ***,particular attention is dedicated to the influences of HPT process parameters,primarily hydros.a.ic pressure,and number of revolutions during torsion,on the grain size and physical and mechanical characteristics(modulus of elasticity,microhardness.a.d tensile properties),corrosion resis.a.ce,and biocompatibility of the titanium-based biomaterials.a.review of the literature indicates that titanium-based materials obtained by the sPD process show improved mechanical and physical properties without losing biocompatibility and corrosion resis.a.ce,which suggests that these methods of obtaining implants.a.e something that should be further developed in the future.

关键词： high-pressure torsion process ultrafine-grained titanium-based materials electrochemical anodization physical properties mechanical properties

A systematic review of progenitor survival and maturation in Parkinsonian models

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Neural Regeneration Res.a.ch 2025年第11期20卷 3172-3178页

作者： Giulia Comini Eilís Dowd Pharmacology&Therapeutics.a.d Galway Neuroscience Center University of GalwayGalwayIreland

stem cell-based brain repair is.a.promising emergent therapy for Parkinson's dis.a.e based on years of foundational res.a.ch using human fetal donors.a. a cell *** current therapeutic options for patients,this.a.proach has the potential to provide longterm stem cell–derived reconstruction and restoration of the dopaminergic input to denervated regions of the brain allowing for restoration of certain functions to *** ultimate clinical success of stem cell–derived brain repair will depend on both the safety and efficacy of the approach and the latter is dependent on the ability of the transplanted cells to survive and differentiate into functional dopaminergic neurons in the Parkinsonian *** the pre-clinical literature suggests that there is considerable variability in survival and differentiation between studies,the aim of this systematic review was to assess these parameters in human stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitor transplant studies in animal models of Parkinson's dis.a.e.A defined systematic s.a.ch of the PubMed database was completed to identify relevant studies published up to March *** screening,76 articles were included in the analysis from which 178 separate transplant studies were *** these,graft survival could be assessed in 52 studies.a.d differentiation in 129 ***,we found that graft survival ranged froms transplanted,with a median of 51%of transplanted cells surviving in the brain;while dopaminergic differentiation of the cells ranged from 0% to 46% of cells transplanted with a median of 3%.This systematic review suggests that there is considerable scope for improvement in the differentiation of stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors to maximize the therapeutic potential of this.a.proach for patients.

关键词： cell replacement therapy differentiation embryonic stem cells graft induced pluripotent stem cells Parkinson's dis.a.e survival transplant

Deciphering the mechanobiology of microglia in traumatic brain injury with advanced microsystems

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Neural Regeneration Res.a.ch 2025年第8期20卷 2304-2306页

作者： Anthony Procès sylvain Gabriele Univ.Grenoble Alpes InsermU1216Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance Mechanobiology&Biomaterials Group CIRMAPResearch Institute for BiosciencesUniversity of MonsMonsBelgium

Advanced microsystems in traumatic brain injury res.a.ch:Traumatic brain injury(TBi)results from a mechanical insult to the brain,leading to neuronal and axonal damage and subsequently causing a secondary *** minutes ... 详细信息

关键词： traumatic injury damage

Anaerobic digestion for waste water poultry manure by UBF reactor

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Journal of Environmental sciences 1997年第2期9卷 24-36页

作者： Ghanem i.i.ibrahim Gu Guowei Zhu Jinfu Tayel,s.a. Khairy M.F.A. El-shimi,s.a. Agricultural Engineering Res.a.ch institute Agricultural Research CenterMinistry Agriculture DukkiGizaEgypt school of Environmental Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Agricultural Engineering Deptartment Faculty of AgricultureAt Azhar UniversityCairoEgypt soil and Water Res.a.ch institute Agricultural Research CentreGizaEgypt

in this experiment the performance of UBF process treatment for wastewater chicken manure was tested under the condition of cons.a.t temperature of 35℃ and the volume of UBF is 4 liters. The experiment covered two s.a.es: the first was s.a.t up with phase i and phase ii, the second was steady s.a.e. The following results.a.erage of operation period were obtained: (1) During the period of s.a.t up phase i operation the biogas production rate 0.39v/(***) at the volumetric COD loading rate of 2.97 kg COD/(m 3.d) with COD removal 76.85% and hydraulic retention time of 10.04 hours.a.d phase ii the biogas production rate 3.86 v/(***) at the volume loading rate 11.69 kg COD/(m 3.d) have been achieved with COD removal 82.47% and HRT 16.45 hours. UBF process had resis.a.ce to the quantitative shock load. (2) During the steady s.a.e operation, the biogas production rate 9.83v/(***) at loading rate of 28.85 kg COD/(m 3.d) and COD removal efficiency 80.03% and hydraulic retention time of 18.73 hours have been achieved for this reactor. The operation of UBF reactor was very s.a.le.

关键词： anaerobic digestion UBF reactor poultry manure chicken manure waste water.