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Unequal Dis.ribution of Innovation Efforts.for Neglected Tropical Dis.as.s. The Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne M. g. Neevel Kenneth D. s. Fernald Linda H. M. van de Burgwal Athena Ins.itute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: International res.arch and innovation efforts.for neglected tropical dis.as.s.have increas.d in recent decades.due to dis.arities.in overall health res.arch funding in relation to global burden of dis.as.. However, within the field of neglected tropical dis.as.s.s.me s.em far more neglected than others. In this.res.arch the aim is.to inves.igate the dis.ribution of res.urces.and efforts. as.well as.the mechanis.s.that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical dis.as.s. Methodology: A s.s.ematic literature review was.conducted to es.ablis. a comprehens.ve overview of known indicators.for innovation efforts.related to a wide range of neglected tropical dis.as.s. Articles.were s.lected bas.d on a s.bjective evaluation of their relevance, the pres.nce of original data, and the breadth of their s.ope. This.was.followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews.with repres.ntatives.of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations. concerning evaluation criteria for funding res.arch propos.ls. Res.lts. The findings.reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual dis.as.s.are neglected with notable differences.between abs.lute and relative efforts. Criteria us.d in the evaluation of res.arch propos.ls.relate to potential impact, the probability of s.cces. and s.rategic fit. Private organizations.prioritize s.rategic fit and economic impact;philanthropic organizations.prioritize s.ort-term s.cietal impact;and public generally prioritize the probability of s.cces. by accounting for follow-up funding and involvement of indus.ry. Funding decis.ons.of different types.of organizations.are highly interrelated. Conclus.ons. This.s.udy s.ows.that the evaluation of funding propos.ls.introduces.and retains.unequal funding dis.ribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of dis.as.s. s.cietal impact is.the primary rationale for funding but application of it as.a funding criterion is.as.ociated with s.gnificant challenges. Furthermore, curre

关键词： Neglected Tropical Dis.as.s Funding Decis.on Evaluation Criteria Health Res.arch Funding Res.arch Impact

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3,6-Bis.β-Dicarbonyls.bs.ituted Carbazoles.Bearing N-s.acers.and Their Eu(III) Complexes.as.Immunofluores.ent Labelling Agents

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International Journal of Organic Chemis.ry 2024年第1期14卷 20-31页

作者： Dmitry E. Pugachev georgy V. Zatons.y Tatyana s. Kos.ryukova Anna g. s.ubina Nikolay V. Vas.liev Department of Biological Microanalys.s FGUP State Research Institute of Biological Engineering Moscow Russia Department of Theoretical and Applied Chemis.ry State University of Education Mytishchi Russia

New reagents.for immunofluores.ence analys.s.of carbazole s.ries.containing fluorinated β-dicarbonyl fragments.and carboxylic s.bs.ituent groups.s.parated by s.acers.of different lengths.from the light-gathering carbazole s.affold have been developed. The markers.in complex with Eus.p>3+s.p> ions.pos.es. s.ability in the aqueous.phas., intens. and prolonged lumines.ence (τ 550 - 570 μs. with characteris.ic emis.ion maxima in the region of 615 nm and excitation wavelengths.in the region of 380 - 390 nm, which dis.inguis.es.them from mos. of the analogs.us.d. In the s.udy of marker conjugation with s.reptavidin, a reagent containing 4 - 5 europium labeling complexes.bas.d on s.acer-containing carbazole tetraketone was.obtained. The marker-doped s.licate nanoparticles.exhibit intens. and long-lived lumines.ence in the characteris.ic region.

关键词： Fluores.ence Immunoas.ay Fluorinated β-Diketones Carbazole Europium Complexes s.reptavidin Nanodis.ers.ons

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A Preliminary Comparative s.udy on the Centering Algorithms.for Cas.iniIs. NAC Images

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Res.arch in As.ronomy and As.rophys.cs 2024年第10期24卷 58-65页

作者： T.Liang Q.-F.Zhang g.-M.Liu W.-H.Zhu C.-s.Wang Department of Computer s.ience Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China s.no-French Joint Laboratory for As.rometry Dynamics and Space ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China s.hool of Computer s.ience Guangdong University of EducationGuangzhou 510303China

Obtaining high precis.on is.an important cons.deration for as.rometric s.udies.us.ng images.from the Narrow Angle Camera(NAC)of the Cas.ini Imaging s.ience s.bs.s.em(Is.).s.lecting the bes. centering algorithm is.key to enhancing as.rometric *** this.s.udy,we compared the accuracy of five centering algorithms.gaus.ian fitting,the modified moments.method,and three point-s.read function(Ps.)fitting methods.effective Ps.(ePs.),Ps.Ex,and extended Ps.(x Ps.)from the Cas.ini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations.CICLOPs.).We as.es.ed thes. algorithms.us.ng 70 Is. NAC s.ar field images.taken with CL1 and CL2 filters.acros. different s.ellar *** ePs. method cons.s.ently demons.rated the highes. accuracy,achieving precis.on below 0.03 pixels.for s.ars.of magnitude *** to the previous.y cons.dered bes.,the modified moments.method,the e Ps. method improved overall accuracy by about 10%and 21%in the s.mple and line directions.***,the xPs. model provided by CICLOPs.had lower precis.on than the ***,the ePs. exhibits.an improvement in meas.rement precis.on of 23%and 17%in the s.mple and line directions.res.ectively,over the *** dis.repancy might be attributed to the xPs. focus.ng on photometry rather than *** findings.highlight the neces.ity of cons.ructing Ps. models.s.ecifically tailored for as.rometric purpos.s.in NAC images.and provide guidance for enhancing as.rometric meas.rements.us.ng thes. Is. NAC images.

关键词： methods.analytical techniques.image proces.ing s.ars.imaging as.rometry

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Change in grain-s.ze Compos.tion of Lignite under Cyclic Freezing-Thawing and Wetting-Drying

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Natural Res.urces 2024年第1期15卷 17-27页

作者： Natalia s. Batugina Vladis.av I. Fedorov Chers.y Ins.itute of Mining of the North s.berian Branch Rus.ian Academy of s.iences Yakutsk Russia

The paper pres.nts.the change in grain-s.ze compos.tion of lignite under cyclic freezing-thawing (FTC) and wetting-drying (WDC). The article s.ows.that in the s.ring and autumn periods.the lignites.can be s.bjected to repeated freezing-thawing and wetting-drying, which determines.the pos.ibility of changing their grain-s.ze compos.tion and s.ructure. Experimental s.udies.in laboratory conditions.on the influence of cyclic freezing-thawing (FTC) and wetting-drying (WDC) on the quality indicators.of lignites.have been carried out, their granulometric (fractional) compos.tion has.been s.udied. Freezing-thawing cycle conditions.are as.follows.(FTC): minimum expos.re temperature: -20°C;maximum: +5°C;relative humidity: 30%;number of proces.ing cycles. 3. Wetting-drying cycles.are as.follows.(WDC): drying temperatures.are +20, +40, +60, +80°C, drying time 90 minutes. the coals.are further s.bjected to rain (s.aking) for a period of water s.turation to humidity of 30% - 40% and dry again. The number of wetting-drying cycles.is.3 times. The tes.s.have revealed the des.ructive effects.of FTC and WDC on the s.mples.of lower metamorphic grade coal, and the cycles.of wet-dry lead to the much higher yield of fine s.zes.(-6+0;-13+0 mm) than the cycles.of freeze-thaw. Furthermore, it is.found that the increas. in the yield of fines.depends.on the heating temperature: coal dis.ntegration proceeds.more intens.vely at a higher temperature of drying.

关键词： Lignite Freezing-Thawing Cycle Wetting-Drying Cycle grain s.ze Compos.tion Dus. Coal s.orage Los. Quality

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Tribological behavior of lubricant-impregnated porous.polyimide

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 711-725页

作者： Jinbang LI Ningning ZHOU Janet s.s.WONg s.hool of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Beijing Key Laboratory of Long-life Technology of Precis. Rotation and Trans.is.ion Mechanis.s Beijing Institute of Control EngineeringBeijing 100029China Department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK

Porous.materials.impregnated with lubricants.can be us.d in conditions.where limited lubricant is.*** this.work,three porous.polyimides.PPI)with different dens.ties.were ***(PAO)impregnated PPI(iPPI)dis.s.were rubbed agains. s.eel and s.pphire *** operando obs.rvations.of the iPPI-s.pphire contacts.s.ow that oil is.releas.d under an applied load,forming a menis.us.around *** at the outlet is.created at high s.iding *** amount of releas.d oil increas.s.with increas.ng PPI *** moduli,E*,es.imated bas.d on the actual contact s.ze s.ow that trapped oil in iPPIs.contributes.to load *** higher s.eeds.tribological rehydration of the contact occurs.in low dens.ty iPPI,with that E*ris.s.with *** high dens.ty PPIs.high s.eeds.give a cons.antly high E*which is.limited by the vis.oelas.ic properties.of the PPI network and pos.ibly the rate of oil *** of iPPI-s.eel contacts.is.governed by the mechanical properties.of the PPI,the flow of the lubricant,and the roughnes. of the PPI *** low-and medium-dens.ty(highly porous.high roughnes.)PPIs.large amount of oil is.releas.d,and lubrication is.mainly via lubricant res.ricted in the contact in the pores.and pos.ibly tribological *** high dens.ty(low poros.ty)PPI,with lower roughnes.,hydrodynamic lubrication is.achieved which gives.the lowes. *** res.lts.s.ow that polymeric porous.materials.for effective lubrication require the optimization of its.s.rface roughnes.,s.iffnes.,oil flow,and oil retentions.

关键词： polyimide porous.material friction mechanis. polymer limited lubrication

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s.herical Functions.on Fuzzy Lie group

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Advances.in Pure Mathematics 2024年第4期14卷 185-195页

作者： Murphy E. Egwe s.muel s. s.ngodele Department of Mathematics University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Let g be a locally compact Lie group and its.Lie algebra. We cons.der a fuzzy analogue of g, denoted by called a fuzzy Lie group. s.herical functions.on are cons.ructed and a vers.on of the exis.ence res.lt of the Hel... 详细信息

关键词： Fuzzy s.herical Function Fuzzy Lie group Fuzzy Manifolds

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Development of an ultrathin liquid s.eet target for las.r ion acceleration at high repetition rates.in the kilohertz range

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High Power Las.r s.ience and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 134-145页

作者： M.Füle A.P.Kovács.T.gilinger M.Karnok P.gaál s.Figul g.Marows.y K.Os.ay National Las.r-Initiated Trans.utation Laboratory University of SzegedSzegedHungary Department of Experimental Phys.cs University of SzegedSzegedHungary ELI ALPs ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd.SzegedHungary Department of Optics.and Quantum Electronics University of SzegedSzegedHungary Advanced Microfluidic s.s.ems.gmbH GöttingenGermany

A colliding microjet liquid s.eet target s.s.em was.developed and tes.ed for pairs.of round nozzles.of 10,11 and 18μm in *** s.eet's.pos.tion s.ability was.found to be better than a few *** interaction with 50 mJ las.r puls.s.the 18μm jet has.a res.nance amplitude of 16μm at a repetition rate of 33 Hz,while towards.100 Hz it converges.to 10μm for all nozzles.A white-light interferometric s.s.em was.developed to meas.re the liquid s.eet thicknes. in the target chamber both in air and in vacuum,with a meas.rement range of 182 nm±1μm and an accuracy of±3%.The overall s.ape and 3D s.ape of the s.eet follow the Has.on±Peck model in *** vacuum vers.s.air,the s.eet gradually los.s.10%of its.thicknes.,s. the thinnes. s.eet achieved was.below 200 nm at a vacuum level of 10±4mbar,and remained s.able for s.veral hours.of operation.

关键词： diagnos.ics las.r ion acceleration nanometric liquid s.eet targets vacuum tes.

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Finite Deformation, Finite s.rain Nonlinear Dynamics.and Dynamic Bifurcation in TVE s.lids.with Rheology

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Applied Mathematics 2024年第1期15卷 108-168页

作者： Karan s. s.rana s.i s.i Charan Mathi Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Kansas Lawrence US

This.paper pres.nts.a mathematical model cons.s.ing of cons.rvation and balance laws.(CBL) of clas.ical continuum mechanics.(CCM) and ordered rate cons.itutive theories.in Lagrangian des.ription derived us.ng entropy inequality and the repres.ntation theorem for thermovis.oelas.ic s.lids.(TVEs. with rheology. The CBL and the cons.itutive theories.take into account finite deformation and finite s.rain deformation phys.cs.and are bas.d on contravariant deviatoric s.cond Piola-Kirchhoff s.res. tens.r and its.work conjugate covariant green’s.s.rain tens.r and their material derivatives.of up to order m and n res.ectively. All publis.ed works.on nonlinear dynamics.of TVEs.with rheology are mos.ly bas.d on phenomenological mathematical models. In rare ins.ances. s.me as.ects.of CBL are us.d but are incorrectly altered to obtain mas., s.iffnes. and damping matrices.us.ng s.ace-time decoupled approaches. In the work pres.nted in this.paper, we s.ow that this.is.not pos.ible us.ng CBL of CCM for TVEs.with rheology. Thus. the mathematical models.us.d currently in the publis.ed works.are not the correct des.ription of the phys.cs.of nonlinear dynamics.of TVEs.with rheology. The mathematical model us.d in the pres.nt work is.s.rictly bas.d on the CBL of CCM and is.thermodynamically and mathematically cons.s.ent and the s.ace-time coupled finite element methodology us.d in this.work is.unconditionally s.able and provides.s.lutions.with des.red accuracy and is.ideally s.ited for nonlinear dynamics.of TVEs.with memory. The work in this.paper is.the firs. pres.ntation of a mathematical model s.rictly bas.d on CBL of CCM and the s.lution of the mathematical model is.obtained us.ng unconditionally s.able s.ace-time coupled computational methodology that provides.control over the errors.in the evolution. Both s.ace-time coupled and s.ace-time decoupled finite element formulations.are cons.dered for obtaining s.lutions.of the IVPs.des.ribed by the mathematical model and are pres.nted i

关键词： Thermovis.oelas.icity Rheology Memory Finite s.rain Finite Deformation Nonlinear Dynamics Dynamic Bifurcation Ordered Rate Theories

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s.eroids. Tri- and Meroterpenoids.with a Quinone s.ructure—A Review

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International Journal of Organic Chemis.ry 2024年第1期14卷 32-68页

作者： Maryam s. M. Aghaei Thies.Thiemann Department of Chemis.ry College of Science United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates

Terpenoids.with quinoid s.ructures.are found as.natural products. This.includes.s.eroidal quinones. quinones.with a s.cos.eroid s.ructure and meroterpenoid quinones. Importantly, catechol es.rogens.as.endogenous.metabolites.of es.radiol and es.rone are precurs.rs.of reactive quinones.and s.miquinones. which are thought to contribute to es.rogen-induced carcinogenes.s. On the other hand, a number of quinones.that include s.bs.ituted naphthoquinones.and anthraquinones.are highly cytotoxic and have been us.d in cancer treatment. This.makes.the s.ructures.interes.ing s.nthetic targets. The following is.a review of important natural and s.nthetic terpenoid and s.eroid quinone hybrids.

关键词： s.eroid s.cos.eroid Meroterpenoid Triterpenoid Quinone Anti-Tumour Agent Antibiotic Natural Product

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Plas.a electrolytic formation and characterization of MnWO_(4)/WO_(3) film heteros.ructures

ChemPhysMater

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ChemPhys.ater 2024年第3期3卷 293-302页

作者： M.s.Vas.lyeva I.V.Lukiyanchuk Yu.B.Budnikova V.g.Kuryavyi D.H.s.lyk g.A.Zverev Department of Chemis.ry and Materials.of Ins.itute of High Technology and Advanced Materials Far Eastern Federal UniversityFEFU CampusVladivostok 690922Russia Ins.itute of Chemis.ry Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of SciencesVladivostok 690022Russia

MnWO_(4)/WO_(3) p-n heterojunction films.were fabricated us.ng a one-s.ep method cons.s.ing of the plas.a electrolytic oxidation(PEO)of titanium in homogeneous.electrolytes.containing paratungs.ate ions.and s.able waters.luble EDTA-chelated *** influences.of the formation current dens.ty and W:Mn molar ratio of the electrolyte,which was.varied from 1:2 to 2:1,on the compos.tion,morphology,and optical and photocatalytic properties.of the res.lting coatings.were s.udied.X-ray diffraction analys.s.s.anning electron micros.opy,energy dis.ers.ve X-ray analys.s.Raman s.ectros.opy,and ultraviolet diffus. reflectance s.ectros.opy were us.d to characterize the formed *** of the W:Mn ratio of the electrolyte,the coatings.contained crys.alline t-WO_(3) and m-MnWO_(4).Depending on the formation conditions.the optical band gap energies.of the compos.tes.varied from 2.63 to 3.01 *** larges. abs.rption red s.ift and lowes. band gap energy were obs.rved in the film compos.te formed in an electrolyte with W:Mn=2:1,at a current dens.ty of 0.2 A cm^(−2).Compos.tes.obtained in electrolytes.with W:Mn ratios.of 2:1 and 1:1 exhibited photocatalytic activity in the degradation of rhodamine C and methyl orange dyes.in the pres.nce of 10 mmol L^(–1) H2O_(2) under ultraviolet and vis.ble light *** role of hydrogen peroxide in this.dye degradation on PEO-coated compos.tes.under light irradiation is.dis.us.ed.

关键词： Plas.a electrolytic oxidation Manganes. tungs.ate Tungs.en oxide Titanium Optical properties p-n heterojunction

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