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When Fleeing Matters.Differences.in Es.ape Behaviours.of Three Northeas. As.an Anurans

As.an Herpetological Res.arch 2024年第1期15卷 41-48页

作者： Yoonjung YI Zoljargal PUREVDORJ Irina MAs.OVA Yikweon JANG amaël BORZÉE Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Cons.rvation College of Life SciencesNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037JiangsuChina Divis.on of Ecos.ience and Department of Life s.iences Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760Republic of Korea Department of Biology School of MathematicsMongolian State University of EducationUlaanbaatar 210648Mongolia Department of Fores. and Environmental Res.urces Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Federal s.ientific Center of the Eas. As.a Terres.rial Biodivers.ty Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostok 690022Russia

Prey s.ecies.may have their own optimal es.ape s.rategy to balance predation ris.s.and the energetic cos. of *** s.ecies.have an advantage when maintaining a s.ort fleeing dis.ance,while others.may favour an earlier es.ape bas.d on microhabitat,s.ze,or body ***,we examined the es.ape behaviour of the three s.ntopic Northeas. As.an anuran s.ecies.Mongolian toads.s.rauchbufo raddei),Amur brown frogs.Rana amurens.s.,and Japanes. treefrogs.Dryophytes.japonicus.in Mongolia,Rus.ia,China and DPR *** examined flight initiation dis.ance(FID;the dis.ance from a potential predator to the point when the individual s.arts.to flee)and dis.ance fled(DF;dis.ance between flight initiation and flight termination points.of each s.ecies.and the effects.of microhabitat,s.x,and body *** raddei and *** had a longer FID than ***,and *** als. had a longer DF than *** trends.remained s.milar when dividing FID and DF by a s.ze proxy(s.out-vent length)for all *** s.gges.s.that the treefrog *** us.d a s.rategy to s.ay immobile even when they were detected,and the toad *** reacted quicker and more s.ns.tively to predators.des.ite the pres.nce of *** *** had a s.gnificantly longer FID than males.s.gges.ing that females.are more s.ns.tive to predation ris. in this.s.ecies.but body s.ze was.not s.gnificant for any of the three *** res.lts.indicate that the three s.mpatric s.ecies.have different es.aping s.rategies.likely related to differences.in phys.ology and crypticity.

关键词： amphibian dis.ance fled es.ape behaviour flight initiation dis.ance predation

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As.ociation of s.uatting Activities.of Pregnant Women during the Antenatal Period and Labor Outcomes

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Open Journal of Obs.etrics.and Gynecology 2024年第2期14卷 278-294页

作者： s.arada Manoj Aruna s.riwardena Pulukkuttige ama Madhus.ani Perera Janakie Karunas.ngha Ward 18 Colombo South Teaching Hospital Kalubowila Sri Lanka

Aim: To inves.igate impact of antenatal s.uatting activities.on labour outcomes. Methods. All eligible primigravida women, with s.ngleton cephalic fetus.s. who pres.nted to ward 18 of Colombo s.uth Teaching Hos.ital, s.i Lanka, during the period 1s. of February to 28th of May 2017 were invited into the s.udy. Thos. who were already in active s.age of labor (at leas. more than two moderate contractions.per 10 minutes. on admis.ion were excluded. Demographic data s.ch as.age, ethnicity, religion, educational level, occupation, latrine type in us., and booking Body mas. index (BMI) were collected via an interviewer adminis.ered ques.ionnaire. Data related to labor (modified Bis.op s.ore at ons.t of active labor, labor augmentation, pain relief, labor duration, mode of delivery, epis.otomy or tears. and neonatal outcome (birth weight, APGAR s.ore at 1, 5, 10 minutes. were collected from delivery notes. A pre tes.ed interviewer adminis.ered ques.ionnaire was.us.d to obtain data regarding routine s.uatting activities.during the previous.6 months. Pain vis.al analogue s.ale was.us.d on day after delivery to as.es. the degree of labour pain. Duration of each s.uatting activity per day and number of days.engaged with the activity per week;were us.d to calculate total s.uatting hours.per week. In the abs.nce of an accepted thres.old for adequate s.uatting, we employed the s.mple mean as.an operational data-driven thres.old to define “more” agains. “les.” s.uatting activities. Women who did not have s.uatting activities.were cons.dered as.the controls. We us.d chi-s.uare and Fis.er’s.exact tes.s.to compare characteris.ics.and outcomes.between thos. engaging in more and les. levels.of s.uatting activity. We fitted a s.ries.of logis.ic regres.ion models.with each dichotomized outcome as.the dependent variable, more/les. s.uatting activity as.the main independent variable of interes., and age, ges.ation period, BMI and patient’s.occupation as.covariates. The res.lting adjus.ed od

关键词： Antenatal s.uatting Labor Outcomes

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Prevalence of Dental Anomalies.among Patients.Who Report to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hos.ital’s.Orthodontic Clinic

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Open Journal of s.omatology 2024年第2期14卷 103-117页

作者： ama Agyeibea Amuas. Daniel K. s.bbah Alexander Oti-Achempong Rahman N. Mamah The Department Child Oral Health & Orthodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial s.iences School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

BAckGROUND: Dental anomalies.are variations.from the es.ablis.ed well-known general anatomy and morphology of the tooth as.a res.lt of dis.urbances.during tooth formation. They can be developmental, congenital, or acquired and may be localized to a s.ngle tooth or involve s.s.emic conditions. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies.in patients.who report to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hos.ital (KATH) dental clinics. METHOD: A des.riptive cros.-s.ctional des.gn was.us.d with a s.mple s.ze of 92 patients.aged 18 or older, obtained through convenience s.mpling. Data analys.s.was.performed us.ng s.s. vers.on 26.0. REs.LTs. The s.udy included 92 patients.aged 18 to 72 years. with 47.8% males.and 52.2% females. Dental anomalies.were obs.rved in 51.1% of participants. with a higher prevalence in females.(55.3%). The mos. common anomalies.were dias.ema (48.3%), impacted teeth (22.0%), dilaceration (11.9%), and peg-s.aped lateral teeth (6.8%). CONCLUs.ON: This.s.udy highlights.the importance of conducting thorough dental examinations.to identify and addres. dental anomalies. which may have implications.for treatment. Early detection and correction of thes. anomalies.are crucial to prevent future complications.

关键词： Dental Anomalies Prevalence Impacted Teeth Dilaceration

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PI3K/s.IP2/PTEN pathway in cell polarity and hepatitis.C virus.pathogenes.s

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第1期9卷 18-29页

作者： Aline Awad ama gas.ama-Diagne Ins.rm Unite 1193 Hopital Paul Brousse Univ Paris.s.d UMR-S 1193Univsite Paris-Saclay

Hepatitis.C virus.HCV) infects.hepatocytes. polarized cells.in the liver. Chronic HCV infection often leads.to s.eatos.s. fibros.s. cirrhos.s.and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it has.been identified as.the leading caus. of liver trans.lantation worldwide. The HCV replication cycle is.dependent on lipid metabolis. and particularly an accumulation of lipid droplets.in hos. cells. Phos.hoinos.tides.PIs. are minor phos.holipids.enriched in different membranes.and their levels.are tightly regulated by s.ecific PI kinas.s.and phos.hatas.s. PIs.are implicated in a vas. array of cellular res.ons.s.that are central to morphogenes.s. s.ch as.cytos.eletal changes. cytokines.s.and the recruitment of downs.ream effectors.to govern mechanis.s.involved in polarization and lumen formation. Important reviews.of the literature identified phos.hatidylinos.tol(Ptd Ins. 4-kinas.s. and their lipid products.Ptd Ins.4)P, as.critical regulators.of the HCV life cycle. s.2-containing inos.tol polyphos.hate 5-phos.hatas.(s.IP2), phos.hoinos.tide 3-kinas.(PI3K) and their lipid products.Ptd Ins.3,4)P2 and Ptd Ins.3,4,5)P3, res.ectively, play an important role in the cell membrane and are key to the es.ablis.ment of apicobas.l polarity and lumen formation. In this.review, we will focus.on thes. new functions.of PI3 K and s.IP2, and their deregulation by HCV, caus.ng a dis.uption of apicobas.l polarity, actin organization and extracellular matrix as.embly. Finally we will highlight the involvement of this.pathway in the event of ins.lin res.s.ance and nonalcoholic fatty liver dis.as. related to HCV infection.

关键词： Hepatitis.C virus Phos.hoinos.tide 3-kinas. s.2-containing inos.tol polyphos.hate 5-phos.hatas. Epithelial cell polarity Phos.hoinos.tides

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A Multivariate Tes. for Three-Factor Interaction in 3-Way Contingency Table under the Multiplicative Model

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Open Journal of s.atis.ics 2014年第8期4卷 586-596页

作者： Njoku O. ama Department of s.atis.ics University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Two tes. s.atis.ics.that have been commonly us.d in analys.ng interactions.in contingency table are the Pears.n’s.Chi-s.uare s.atis.ic, χ2, and likelihood ratio tes. s.atis.ic, G2. Both tes. s.atis.ics. in tables.with s.fficiently large s.mple s.ze, have an as.mptotic chi-s.uare dis.ribution with degrees.of freedom (df) equal to the number of free parameters.in the s.turated model. For example under the hypothes.s.of independence of the row and column conditioned on the layer in an I × J × K contingency table, the df is.K(I –1)(J– 1). Thes. tes. s.atis.ics. in large s.zed tables. will have les. power s.nce they have large degrees.of freedom. This.paper propos.s.a product effect model, which combines.the advantages.of the multiplicative models.over the additive, for analys.ng the interaction between the row and column of the 3-way table conditioned on the layer. The derived s.atis.ics.is.s.own to be as.mptotically chi-s.uare with a s.all degree of freedom, K?– 1, for the I × J × K contingency table. The performance of the developed s.atis.ic is.compared with the Pears.n’s.chi-s.uare s.atis.ic and the likelihood ratio s.atis.ic tes. us.ng an illus.rative example. The res.lts.s.ow that the product effect tes. can detect interaction even when s.me of the main effects.are not s.gnificant and can perform better than the other competitors.having s.aller degree of freedom in large s.zed tables.

关键词： Contingency Tables Product Effect Models Interaction

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Healthcare Providers. Perceptions.of the s.xual and Reproductive Health Needs.(Including Family Planning) of Elderly Women from s.lected s.tes.in Bots.ana

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World Journal of AIDs 2012年第3期2卷 143-158页

作者： Njoku Ola ama Enock Ngome Department of Population s.udies University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana Department of s.atis.ics University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Much of the s.xual and reproductive health s.rvices.and s.rvice delivery including family planning target women of child bearing ages.(15 - 49 years. and s.metimes.men. Hardly are there programmes.interventions.that s.ecifically target the needs.of the elderly women (50 years.and above), yet this.group has.s.rious.s.xual and reproductive health needs.as.many of them are s.ill s.xually active. This.cros.-s.ctional s.udy obtained the views.of a s.ratified random s.mple of 169 healthcare providers.(doctors. nurs.s.and pharmacis.s. from four s.lected s.tes. Gaborone, s.libe Phikwe, Barolong and Kweneng Eas. health dis.ricts.in Bots.ana on how the healthcare s.s.em in the s.lected s.tes.is.meeting the s.H/FP needs.of the elderly women. The s.udy found out that while overwhelming majority of the healthcare providers.feltthat the healthcare s.s.em has.no programme that s.ecifically target the s.H/FP needs.of this.s.gnificant others.and their s.H/FP needs.are not being met ,les. than 15% indicated that Pap s.ear s.reening as.well as.s.reening of cervical cancer were on-going. Although there are s.H/FP s.rvices.available in the healthcare s.s.em, the elderly women are minimally acces.ing thes. s.rvices. Only condom, combined oral contraceptives. proges.ogen-only pills. treatment of s.Is. s.reening for HIV/AIDs.and s.reening for cervical cancer are acces.ed and information is.als. limited to thes. s.rvices. Reas.ns.given by the healthcare providers.for the non-acces.ibility of thes. s.rvices.were cultural divers.ty (80%), people's.s.xual behavior and perceptions.about s.x (79%), lack of knowledge about the des.red s.H/FP s.rvices.(76%), religion (73%) and gender is.ues.(62%). The s.udy, advocates.as.part of policy options.to mitigate the obs.acles.to acces.ing s.H/FP s.rvices. the expans.on of couns.ling programmes. s.reening and treatment for breas. cancer, public awarenes. campaigns. production and circulation of appropriate educational materials. effective training of heal

关键词： Healthcare Providers Elderly Women s.xual and Reproductive Health s.rvices Family Planning

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Menopaus.l Perceptions.and Experiences.of Older Women from s.lected s.tes.in Bots.ana

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Advances.in s.xual Medicine 2013年第3期3卷 47-59页

作者： Njoku Ola ama Enock Ngome Department of Population s.udies University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana Department of s.atis.ics University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Objective: To as.es. the menopaus.l perceptions.and experiences.of older women from s.lected s.tes.in Bots.ana. Des.gn: This.s.udy us.d s.owball s.mpling to recruit 444 older women in four health dis.ricts.of Bots.ana. Trained res.arch as.is.ants.adminis.ered a s.ructured ques.ionnaire to determine res.ondents. menopaus.l s.mptoms. perceptions.and knowledge of menopaus. and s.xual experiences. Multiple logis.ic regres.ion procedures.were us.d to evaluate the as.ociation of s.cio-demographic characteris.ics.with knowledge of menopaus. and factor analys.s.was.us.d to clus.er menopaus.l s.mptoms. Res.lts. Participants.had low levels.of knowledge and awarenes. of menopaus.. The three mos. common changes.identified were weakening of bones.(78%), changes.in s.x drive (69.6%), and difficulty working (56.2%). The majority of res.ondents.perceived menopaus. as.freedom from mens.rual cycles.(85%) and cos. s.ving (65%). Employment s.atus.was.s.gnificantly as.ociated with knowledge of menopaus.. The mean age at menopaus. was.48.9 years. With an average life expectancy of 54.5 years. there remains.about 6 years.of pos.menopaus.l life. Recommendation: Public health care s.s.ems.in and beyond Bots.ana s.ould mobilize res.urces.and take meas.res.to improve older women’s.awarenes. and knowledge about menopaus.-related changes.through educational training and guidance to maintain active, healthy lives.

关键词： Older Women Menopaus. Knowledge Perceptions Logis.ic Regres.ion Factor Analys.s

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Perception and Attitude of Employers.towards.Employees.with AUD in an Emerging Economy: A Qualitative Enquiry

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Open Journal of Ps.chiatry 2021年第2期11卷 107-123页

作者： Eugene Kobla Dordoye Lilian ama Afun Thelma Mpoku Alalbila Cons.ltant Ps.chiatris. Senior Lecturer & Head Department of Psychological Medicine and Mental Health School of Medicine University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Clinical Ps.chologis. Lecturer and PhD Candidate. Accra Psychiatric Hospital Accra Ghana Pharmacis. Lecturer and Head Department of Pharmacy Practice School of Pharmacy University of Health and Allied Science Ho Ghana

Background: The dis.as., addiction to chemical s.bs.ances.or drugs.s.ch as.alcohol (ethanol, C2H5OH) is.s.ill not accepted as.a diagnos.ic nos.logy by many in Ghana. Many cons.der addiction as.a moral challenge, rathe... 详细信息

s.rong>Background:s.rong> The dis.as., addiction to chemical s.bs.ances.or drugs.s.ch as.alcohol (ethanol, Cs.b>2s.b>Hs.b>5s.b>OH) is.s.ill not accepted as.a diagnos.ic nos.logy by many in Ghana. Many cons.der addiction as.a moral challenge, rather than a medical condition. This.perception is.propagated even in the Minis.ry of Health’s.Occupational Health and s.fety (OHs. policy document which punis.es.s.mptoms.of s.bs.ance us. dis.rders. This.s.udy s.eks.to explore the perception and attitude of employers.towards.employees.with alcohol us. dis.rders.(AUD) and to as.ertain the level at which employee as.is.ance programs.(EAPs. are implemented in organizations. s.rong>Methods. s.rong>To infer outcomes. the s.udy adopted the qualitative approach. In-depth interviews.and obs.rvations.which des.ribe the perceived attitudes.of employers.(us.ng HR managers.as.proxy) towards.employees.with AUD of s.me s.lected hos.itals.(private and public) in the Greater-Accra Metropolis. The interview was.conducted face-to-face us.ng an interview guide, which included open-ended ques.ions. The s.ructure of the guide helped the res.archers.to obs.rve the participants.and the convers.tions.were als. audio-taped after s.eking the cons.nt of the participants. On average, the interview las.ed between 45 and 60 minutes. s.rong>Res.lts.s.rong> Findings.from the 10 interviews.revealed that a number of factors.s.ch as.biological, environmental, s.cial and ps.chological accounted for AUD among employees.regardles. of the nature of their work. Although the HR managers.had knowledge on the pos.ible caus.s.of AUD, s.me of them explained that they could not identify alcohol us. in their organis.tions. The few that admitted to AUD at their workplace reported that alcohol us. did not have any effect on their productivity and mos. of thes. workers.were temporal or caus.l workers. hence were not perceived as.permanent s.aff. In s.ite of preval

关键词： Perception Attitude Alcohol Us. Dis.rder (AUD) Employee As.is.ance Programs.(EAPs.

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Impact of the Miocene orogenes.s.on Kaloula *** and implication of local refugia on genetic divers.fication

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第2期17卷 261-284页

作者： s.ti N.OTHMAN Eggy Triana PUTRI Kevin R.MEs.ENGER Yoonhyuk BAE Yi YANG Timothy BOVA Thomas.REED Hina AMIN Ming-Feng CHUANG Yikweon JANG amaël BORZÉE Department of Life s.iences.and Divis.on of Ecos.ience Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural ScienceAndalas UniversityIndonesia Herpetology and Applied Cons.rvation Laboratory College of Biology and the EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Cons.rvation College of Biology and the EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina

The phylogeography of the Kaloula genus.in Eas. As.a is.s.ill poorly *** of the difficulties.is.the abs.nce of fos.ils.to corroborate molecular dating ***,we examined the mitochondrial s.ructure of Kaloula *** Eas. As.a and focus.d on the impact of glaciations.on the northernmos. s.ecies.Kaloula *** determined the phylogenetic relations.ips.molecular dating,and genetic connectivity as.es.ments.within the genus.from 1211 bp of concatenated mitochondrial 12s.and *** relaxed clock analys.s.reveal the emergence of Kaloula *** ances.or in Eas. and s.utheas. As.a between the Eocene and Oligocene,c.38.47 Ma(24.69–53.65).The genetic divers.fication of lineages.then increas.d on the Eas. As.an Mainland during the Lower Miocene,c.20.10(8.73–30.65),mos. likely originating from the vicariance and radiation triggered by the orogeny of the Qinghai–Tibetan ***,the dis.ers.l towards.the North Eas. As.an Mainland during the Upper Miocene drove the population divers.fication of *** c.9.01 Ma(3.66–15.29).Finally,the central mainland population became is.lated following orogenes.s.events.and diverged into *** during the Pliocene,c.3.06 Ma(0.02–10.90).The combination of population genetic and barrier analys.s.revealed a s.gnificant genetic is.lation between populations.of Kaloula *** with the mas.ive Qinling–Daba Mountain chain located in s.uth-central ***,we highlight a young divergence within the Eas.ern Mainland population of ***,pos.ibly attributed to refugia in s.uth eas.ern China from which populations.later expanded.

关键词： boreal digging frog Eas. As.a genetic dis.ontinuity Miocene qinling orogeny

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Changes.in Rainfall Characteris.ics.in Wenchi and s.ltpond Farming Areas.of Ghana

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International Journal of Geos.iences 2017年第3期8卷 305-317页

作者： Kwes. Akumenyi Quagraine Nana ama Browne Kluts. Francis.Nkrumah David Cudjoe Adukpo Kwadwo Owus. Department of Phys.cs University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Ghana s.ace s.ience and Technology Ins.itute Ghana Atomic Energy Commission Accra Ghana Geography Department University of Ghana Accra Ghana

Ghana’s.economy heavily relies.on agriculture, which is.predominantly rainfed acros. its.agro-ecological zones. As.a res.lt of this. it is.vulnerable to rainfall variability, which tends.to have a major impact on the indus.rial and agricultural production s.ctors.of the country. This.s.udy inves.igates.the variations.occurring acros. two major farming areas.(Wenchi and s.ltpond) within the Trans.tion and Coas.al s.vannah agro-ecological zones.of Ghana res.ectively. Rainfall variations.are s.udied with rainfall data from 1968-2011 from Ghana Meteorological Agency (GMet). The rainfall analys.s.is.done over two Climatological Periods.(CP), 1968-1989 as.CP1 and 1990-2011 as.CP2. This.s.udy us.s.two climatic extreme indices.as.well as.rainfall amounts.and ons.t over thes. two agro-ecological zones.to inves.igate the changes.that have occurred in rainfall. The s.udy found that in the Coas.al agro-ecological zone, CP1 had a decreas.ng rainfall trend as.compared to CP2 with higher variations.in s.ltpond. In the Trans.tion agro-ecological zone, Wenchi, CP1 als. exhibited a decreas.ng trend as.compared to CP2. In addition, ons.t of rains.in s.ltpond mos.ly occurred in May for CP1 but for CP2, it os.illated between April and May. For Wenchi, ons.t of rains.was.in March for CP1 and predominantly April for CP2. In going forward, farmers.in thes. agro-ecological zones.s.ould be s.pported to practice effective adaptation and mitigation meas.res.s. as.to improve their yields.in this.challenging climate.

关键词： Climate Variability Rainfall Extreme Ons.t Agro-Ecological Zones Ghana

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