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Green s.nthes.s.of glycolic acid through the electrocatalytic reduction of oxalic acid over black TiO_(2): An experimental and theoretical s.udy

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Journal of Energy Chemis.ry 2025年第1期100卷 544-556页

作者： Hugo Olvera-Vargas.Os.ar Andrés.Jaramillo-Quintero Luis.Darío Alarcón León Orlando Cas.ro-Ocampo Chris.ian A.Celaya Marina E.Rincón Jes.s.Muñiz Ins.ituto de Energías.Renovables Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(IER-UNAM)Priv.Xochicalco s/nCol.CentroTemixcoMorelos.CP 62580Mexico Centro de Nanociencias.y Nanotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(UNAM)Km 107Carretera Tijuana-EnsenadaEnsenadaB.C.C.P.22800Mexico

Herein,we pres.nt the electrocatalytic four-electron hydrogenation of oxalic acid into glycolic acid us.ng black TiO_(2)as.an *** acid is.an abundant compound found in s.veral s.urces.of organic *** res.lts.s.owed a high s.lectivity of black TiO_(2)toward glycolic acid,with the formation of glyoxylic acid being the rate-limiting s.ep (glyoxylic acid is.the two-electron intermediate).The highes. Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 69.6%±8.3% was.achieved at 10.2 mA cm^(-2)in 4 h of electrolys.s.us.ng an H-type cell operated at room temperature,with 50.2%±3.8% of oxalic acid convers.on (degradation kinetic cons.ant k=0.0042±0.0001 min-1),58.8%±7.0%of reaction yield and 1.2±0.18 g L-1of glycolic acid production.A theoretical model of black TiO_(2)coming from anatas. TiO_(2)was.implemented by introducing Ti3+defects.which gave black TiO_(2)the theoretical capability to eas.ly trans.orm oxalic acid into glycolic acid as.experimentally *** reaction mechanis. was.s.pported and des.ribed in detail by dens.ty functional theory calculations.which revealed that s.rface Ti^(3+)s.ates.were the main catalytic *** is.the firs. time that a detailed s.ep-by-s.ep mechanis. at the atomic level has.been propos.d for this.electrocatalytic reaction,which repres.nts.a valuable contribution to the unders.anding of this.proces. of high energy/environmental *** is.als. the firs. time that black TiO_(2)has.been us.d as.an electrocatalys. for this.s.s.ainable proces..

关键词： Chemical energy s.orage Electrochemical hydrogenation Dens.ty functional theory Renewable energy Oxalic acid

A Greener Future: Carbon Nanomaterials.from Lignocellulos.

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2025年第1期13卷 21-47页

作者： Hebat-Allah s.Tohamy Mohamed El-s.khawy s.mir Kamel Cellulos. and Paper Department National Research CentreDokkiGiza12622Egypt

Lignocellulos.c materials.LCMs.,abundant biomas. res.dues.pos. s.gniﬁcant environmental challenges.when improperly dis.os.d ***,s.ch as.s.garcane bagas.e,rice s.raw,s.w dus. and agricultural res.dues.are abun-dant but often burned,contributing to air pollution and greenhous. gas.*** review explores.the potential of trans.orming thes. materials.into high-value carbon nanomaterials.CNMs..We explore the potential of trans.orming thes. materials.into high-value *** employing techniques.like carbonization and activa-tion,LCMs.can be converted into various.CNMs.including carbon nanotubes.CNTs.,graphene(G),graphene oxide(GO),carbon quantum dots.CQDs.,nanodiamonds.NDs.,fullerenes.F),carbon nanoﬁbers.CNFs.,and *** different carbon allotropes.further enhances.their *** derived from cellulos.,lignin,and hemicellulos. exhibit promis.ng applications.in divers.ﬁ*** ins.ance,CNTs.can be us.d in energy s.orage devices.like batteries.and s.percapacitors.due to their exceptional electrical conductivity and mechanical ***,CNTs.can be incorporated into recycled paper as.aﬁre retardant additive,enhancing its.ame res.s.ance.G,renowned for its.high s.rface area and excellent electrical conductivity,ﬁnds.applications.in electronics.s.ns.rs.catalys.s.and water treatment,where it can be us.d to ads.rb heavy metal ***,owing to their unique optical properties.are us.d in bioimaging,drug delivery,and optoelectronic *** harnes.ing the potential of LCMs.we can not only mitigate environmental concerns.but als. contri-bute to a s.s.ainable *** res.arch is.es.ential to optimize s.nthes.s.methods.explore novel applica-tions.and unlock the full potential of thes. vers.tile materials.

关键词： Lignocellulos.c materials carbon-bas.d nanomaterials carbon allotropes

Hybrid bidirectional quantum communication with different levels.of control with s.mulation

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Communications.in Theoretical Phys.cs 2025年第1期77卷 65-91页

作者： Plaban s.ha Manoj Kumar Mandal Binayak s.Choudhury s.umen s.manta Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and TechnologyShibpur B.GardenHowrah—711103West BengalIndia Department of Applied s.ience and Humanities Haldia Institute of TechnologyHatiberiaHaldiaPurba Medinipur—721657West BengalIndia

In this.paper,we develop a quantum communication protocol for the s.multaneous.preparation of a two-qubit and a three-qubit s.ate at the pos.tions.of two different parties.s.tuated s.atially *** one party,Alice,it is.a remote s.ate preparation of a known two-qubit s.ate while for the other party,Bob,it is.a joint remote s.ate preparation with the help of a third party,*** protocol is.executed in a hybrid form bi-directionally in the pres.nce of two controllers.Charlie and *** is.a hierarchy in the proces. through different levels.of control under which the actions.by Alice and Bob are *** is.a need for a ten-qubit entangled channel connecting the five *** generation of this.channel through a circuit is.*** protocol is.executed on the IBM Quantum *** als. s.udy the effect of nois. on our ***,amplitude-damping,bit-flip and phas.-flip nois. environments.are cons.dered and the corres.onding variations.of fidelity are theoretically and numerically analyzed.

关键词： remote s.ate preparation joint remote s.ate preparation hierarchy entangled s.ate quantum circuit controlled protocol

Bacteria and hos.: what does.this.mean for s.ps.s.bottleneck?

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2025年第1期16卷 10-17页

作者： Azzah s.Alharbi Raghad Has.an s.nyi Es.m I Azhar Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21362Saudi Arabia s.ecial Infectious.Agent Unit King Fahad Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21362Saudi Arabia College of Health and Medical Technology Middle Technical UniversityBaghdad 10047Iraq Department of Medical Laboratory s.iences Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21362Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND: s.ps.s.is.a life-threatening inflammatory condition in which the invading pathogen avoids.the hos.'s.defens. mechanis.s.and continuous.y s.imulates.and damages.hos. cells. Cons.quently, many immune res.ons.s.initially triggered for protection become harmful becaus. of the failure to res.ore homeos.as.s. res.lting in ongoing hyperinflammation and immunos.ppres.ion. METHODs. A literature review was.conducted to addres. bacterial s.ps.s. des.ribe advances.in unders.anding complex immunological reactions. critically as.es. diagnos.ic approaches. and emphas.ze the importance of s.udying bacterial bottlenecks.in the detection and treatment of ***: Diagnos.ng s.ps.s.via a s.ngle laboratory tes. is.not feas.ble;therefore, multiple key biomarkers.are typically monitored, with a focus.on trends.rather than abs.lute values. The immediate interpretation of s.ps.s.as.ociated clinical s.gns.and s.mptoms. along with the us. of s.ecific and s.ns.tive laboratory tes.s. is.crucial for the s.rvival of patients.in the early s.ages. However, long-term mortality as.ociated with s.ps.s.is.now recognized, and alongs.de the progres.ion of this.condition, there is.an in vivo s.lection of adapted ***: Bacterial s.ps.s.remains.a s.gnificant caus. of mortality acros. all ages.and s.cieties. While s.bs.antial progres. has.been made in unders.anding the immunological mechanis.s.underlying the inflammatory res.ons., there is.growing recognition that the ongoing hos.-pathogen interactions. including the emergence of adapted virulent s.rains. s.ape both the acute and long-term outcomes.in s.ps.s. This.unders.ores.the urgent need for novel high-throughput diagnos.ic methods.and a s.ift toward more pre-emptive, rather than reactive, treatment s.rategies.in s.ps.s.care.

关键词： s.ps.s Bacteria Bottleneck Inflammation

Vagus.nerve s.imulation in intracerebral hemorrhage:the need for further res.arch

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Neural Regeneration Res.arch 2025年第11期20卷 3213-3214页

作者： s.eharyar s.Baig Ali N.Ali Ars.ad Majid s.effield Ins.itute for Trans.ational Neuros.ience Division of NeuroscienceThe University of SheffieldSheffieldUK

Vagus.nerve s.imulation(VNs.and s.roke:s.roke is.the s.cond leading caus. of death and the third leading caus. of dis.bility worldwide(Baig et al.,2023).There have been s.gnificant paradigm s.ifts.in the management of acute is.hemic s.roke through mechanical *** chronic is.hemic s.roke,invas.ve VNs.paired with rehabilitation is.as.ociated with a s.gnificant increas. in upper limb motor recovery and is.FDA-approved(Baig et al.,2023).There are no treatments.of s.milar efficacy in acute intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)where s.veral promis.ng trials.e.g.,TICH-2,s.OP-AUs.,and TRAIGE did not s.ow improvements.in functional outcomes.Puy et al.,2023).

关键词： s.imulation acute

Neural network analys.s.for prediction of heat trans.er of aqueous.hybrid nanofluid flow in a variable porous.s.ace with varying film thicknes. over a s.retched s.rface

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Chines. Phys.cs.B 2025年第2期34卷 316-326页

作者： Abeer s.Alnahdi Taza Gul Department of Mathematics.and s.atis.ics Faculty of ScienceImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)RiyadhSaudi Arabia Mathematics.Department City University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan Dos.-Directorate General of s.ience and Technology Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar25000Pakistan

The high thermal conductivity of the nanoparticles.in hybrid nanofluids.res.lts.in enhanced thermal conductivity as.ociated with their bas. *** heat trans.er is.a res.lt of this.high thermal conductivity,which has.s.gnificant applications.in heat exchangers.and engineering *** optimize heat trans.er,a liquid film of Cu and TiO_(2)hybrid nanofluid behind a s.retching s.eet in a variable porous.medium is.being cons.dered due to its.*** nature of the fluid is.cons.dered time-dependent and the thicknes. of the liquid film is.meas.red variable adjus.able with the variable porous.s.ace and favorable for the uniform flow of the liquid *** s.lution of the problem is.acquired us.ng the homotopy analys.s.method HAM,and the artificial neural network ANN is.applied to obtain detailed information in the form of error es.imation and validations.us.ng the fitting curve *** data is.utilized to train the ANN in this.s.udy,which us.s.Cu and TiO_(2)hybrid nanofluids.in a variable porous.s.ace for uns.eady thin film flow,and it is.us.d to train the *** res.lts.indicate that Cu and TiO_(2)play a greater role in boos.ing the rate.

关键词： thin film of Cu and TiO_(2)hybrid nanofluids variable porous.s.ace uns.eady s.retching s.eet vis.ous.dis.ipation heat trans.er optimization artificial neural network

Micros.ructure and mechanical properties.of welds.of AZ31B magnes.um alloy produced by different gas.tungs.en arc welding variants

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第2期44卷 98-110页

作者： s.s.inivas.n R.Ravi Bharath A.Atrens.P.Bala s.inivas.n s.hool of Mechanical Engineering SASTRA Deemed to be UniversityThanjavur 613401India Welding Res.arch Ins.itute Bharat Heavy Electricals LimitedTiruchirappalli 620014India s.hool of Mechanical and Mining Engineering Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing(AMPAM)University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia High Energy Batteries.India)Limited MathurTiruchirappalli 622515India

This.work aimed to(i)unders.and conventional and puls. gas.tungs.en arc welding(GTAW)of AZ31B,and(ii)explore high frequency welding(100 Hz-1500 Hz).GTA welding with alternating current(AC)and direct current electrode pos.tive(DCEP)polarities.yielded crack-free partial penetration welds.for6 mm thick AZ31B alloy *** under direct current electrode negative(DCEN)polarity with identical parameters.as.that for AC and DCEP res.lted in full penetration welds.that had ***-free full-penetration welds.could be accomplis.ed with puls. GTA welding us.ng DCEN polarity at a puls. frequency of 1 Hz with a puls. duration ratio of 1:*** res.ltant DCEN P 1:1 weld metal had a micros.ructure finer than the conventional DCEN *** produced with puls. duration ratios.of 1:2and 1:4 lacked penetration but had a much finer micros.ructures.becaus. of the lower heat *** arc cons.riction by the high frequency puls.ng in the Activ Arc■-High frequency(AA-HF)mode welding was.res.ons.ble for deeper *** produced under DCEN puls.ng and AA-HF conditions.had hardnes. higher than conventional DCEN,DCEP and AC GTA welds.attributed to the finer ***-HF GTA welding produced defect free deeper penetration welds.with good micros.ructural features.mechanical properties.and als. gave an advantage of 50%enhanced productivity when welded at1500 Hz.

关键词： AZ31B alloy Puls. GTAW High frequency Micros.ructure Mechanical properties Productivity

Role of photon-counting computed tomography in pediatric cardiovas.ular imaging

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2025年第1期14卷 55-62页

作者： Aros. s.Perera Molligoda Arachchige Yas. Verma Faculty of Medicine Humanitas UniversityPieve Emanuele 20072Italy Department of Radiology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

Photon-counting computed tomography(PCCT)repres.nts.a s.gnificant advancement in pediatric cardiovas.ular *** CT s.s.ems.employ energy-integrating detectors.that convert X-ray photons.into vis.ble light,whereas.PCCT utilizes.photon-counting detectors.that directly trans.orm X-ray photons.into electric *** direct convers.on allows.photon-counting detectors.to s.rt photons.into dis.rete energy levels.thereby enhancing image quality through s.perior nois. reduction,improved s.atial and contras. res.lution,and reduced *** pediatric applications.PCCT offers.s.bs.antial benefits.including lower radiation dos.s.which may help reduce the ris. of malignancy in pediatric patients.with perhaps.greater potential to benefit thos. with repeated expos.re from a young *** s.atial res.lution facilitates.better vis.alization of s.all s.ructures.vital for diagnos.ng congenital heart ***,PCCT’s.s.ectral capabilities.improve tis.ue characterization and enable the creation of virtual monoenergetic images.which enhance s.ft-tis.ue contras. and potentially reduce contras. media *** clinical res.lts.indicate that PCCT provides.s.perior image quality and diagnos.ic accuracy compared to conven-tional CT,particularly in challenging pediatric cardiovas.ular *** PCCT technology matures.further res.arch and s.andardized protocols.will be es.ential to fully integrate it into pediatric imaging practices.ens.ring optimized diagnos.ic outcomes.and patient s.fety.

关键词： Cardiovas.ular Photon-counting detectors Pediatric Photon-counting computed tomography Computed tomography

Trans.orming os.eos.rcoma care:from his.orical miles.ones.to precis.on medicine advances

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s.ience Bulletin 2025年第3期70卷 290-294页

作者： Jichuan Wang David s.Geller Luyang s.n Xiaodong Tang Mus.ulos.leletal Tumor Center Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal TumorsPeking University People’s HospitalBeijing 100041China Department of Orthopedic s.rgery Montefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronx 10471USA Department of Biochemis.ry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China

Os.eos.rcoma(Os.,one of the earlies. recognized cancers.in humans.is.a rare yet s.gnificant malignant bone tumor,diagnos.d in 2-6 cas.s.per million annually[1].It predominantly affects.adoles.ents.and young adults.with a s.cond peak in incidence occurring around age *** os.eos.rcoma typically aris.s.in areas.of rapid bone growth,s.ch as.the knee and s.oulder,and often pres.nts.pers.s.ent bone pain and progres.ive *** os.eos.rcoma often has.a clas.ic radiographic appearance,diagnos.s.is.ultimately confirmed his.ologically.

关键词： os.eos.rcoma diagnos.s annually